碳离子辐照哺乳动物细胞引起的旁观者效应

用经过碳离子辐照V79细胞的条件培养基(Irradiated conditionedmedium,简称ICM)和与受照射细胞共同培养两种方法,研究了未受照射细胞的旁观者效应。结果表明,ICM法可以明显降低未受照射细胞的克隆形成率;受照射细胞与未受照射细胞共同培养一段时间后,细胞克隆形成率比假定没有旁观者效应时的预期值低,细胞微核率和hprt(次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶)基因位点突变率与预期值基本相同。推测受照射细胞可能释放出了能对未受照射细胞生长产生毒性的因子,这种因子对未受照射细胞没有明显的致微核和致突变作用。     

125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的旁效应

观察125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞损伤的旁效应.选择对高剂量率外照射敏感性不同的A549人肺腺癌细胞和NCI-H446人小细胞肺癌细胞,采用125I籽源离体照射细胞模式,将直接受照细胞与未受照细胞共培养24h,应用CB微核法和γH2AX荧光免疫分析法,检测2Gy和4Gy125I籽源持续低剂量率照射诱导人肺癌细胞的微核形成和DNA双链断裂水平.结果表明,125I籽源照射能显著诱导A549和NCI-H446细胞的微核形成率和γH2AX位点形成率增加的旁效应,显示增强对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用.旁效应强弱与累积照射剂量、肿瘤细胞的辐射敏感性相关:对高剂量率外照射敏感的NCI-H446细胞对低剂量率照射及其旁效应的敏感性高于A549细胞,但与直接辐射效应相比,125I籽源照射诱导A549细胞旁效应高于NCI-H446细胞,这两种细胞的辐射旁效应均随累积照射剂量增加而降低,提示介导旁效应的信号因子水平可能随细胞损伤程度的增加而下降.     

中能氮离子束辐照小麦种子产生自由基的研究

用ＥＳＲ波谱术研究了室温下中能氮离子辐照小麦种子产生的自由基，发现氮离子贯穿和注入小麦种子产生的自由基浓度随剂量的变化具有不同的特征。对氮离子贯穿小麦种子产生的自由基浓度随剂量率的变化规律也进行了研究。     

Risk of simulated microgravity on testicular injury induced by high-LET carbon-ion beams in mice

This study investigated the impact of simulated microgravity on acute injury induced by low doses of carbon ions in male reproductive organs of mice, and determined alterations in spermatogenic function and expression levels of apoptotic factors in mice following exposure to acute irradiation after 7 days of simulated microgravity. The results demonstrated that significant reductions in spermatozoa, primary spermatocytes and spermatogonia, and increased globular cells in seminiferous tubule and pro-apoptotie proteins were observed in the group exposed to over 0.4 Gy irradiation. Collectively, the data suggest that lesions inflicted by simulated microgravity are not markedly modified by lower doses of irradiation （0.2 Gy） in mouse testis compared to the control group. However, testicular impairments were markedly evident in the group exposed to higher doses of carbon ions plus simulated microgravity, which may be due at least in part to elevated apoptosis initiated by the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in germ cells.     

高LET重离子照射人肿瘤细胞的DNA双链断裂及修复研究

依托兰州近代物理研究所的HIRFL装置对人肝癌细胞SMMC-7721进行高LET的重离子辐照,同时利用脉冲场凝胶电泳研究高LET辐射引起的细胞DSB及其修复的特点.对于不同离子的辐射进行了比较分析,探索重离子的辐射生物学效应机理.结果发现,随着剂量的增加,初始DSB在给定剂量范围内呈线性增长,LET较高的氩离子的剂量效应曲线具有较大的斜率.对于DSB分布情况的研究发现,LET不同,大小片段的分布随着剂量的变化呈现不同的变化情况.修复研究显示两种LET辐射的快修复在30 min左右都已经结束,此后都开始了慢修复,对于高LET的氩离子辐射来说,快修复和慢修复完成的修复量均高于较低LET的碳离子辐射.4 h时,两种辐射残余的DSB基本一致.结果证明了高LET辐射下初始DSB与剂量的线性依赖关系,且发现不同种类的离子辐射引起的DSB的剂量效应曲线的斜率不同.结果也显示了DSB的非随机分布现象和DSB修复的双阶段模式,发现LET、离子种类和剂量对于DSB的片段非随机分布同时存在影响,同时修复结果提示慢修复机制和错修复在高LET辐射引起损伤的修复研究中可能具有重要意义.     

碳离子束辐照大豆当代诱变效应及褐皮突变体的初步研究

利用不同剂量碳离子束辐照大豆"合丰55"干种子,通过对表型、株高、分枝数及产量相关性状的考察以及DNA指纹图谱分析探索离子束辐照大豆的当代诱变效应。结果表明离子束诱变大豆M1代田间出现多种变异表型,辐照处理对M1代株高和分枝数有抑制作用,单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重及百粒重随着辐照剂量的增加呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,但这些变异与对照相比并未达到显著水平。大豆种子经辐照后M1代筛选到1株褐皮突变体,种皮颜色由黄色变为褐色,而且这种变异在M2代能够稳定遗传。运用随机扩增多态性(Random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术对其DNA多态性进行研究发现,辐照后突变体DNA与对照相比扩增条带或增加或减少,相似性系数为0.9513。综合结果表明,碳离子束辐照对大豆当代产生了一定的诱变效应,不仅造成了农艺性状的变异,而且使DNA水平也发生了明显的变化。     

GaP高能重离子辐照损伤及退火的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮没寿命技术研究２．４＊１０＾１５／ｃｍ＾２和２．２＊１０＾１６／ｃｍ＾２ ８５ＭｅＶ＾１９Ｆ离子辐照ＧａＰ的辐照损伤及其退火效应。结果表明,高低两种注量辐照在ＧａＰ中产生浓度较高的单空位。在３００－１０２３Ｋ温度范围内测量了正电子湮没寿命温度的变化。低注量辐照品在退火过程中有双空位的形成;而高注量辐照样品中观察到比双空位更复杂的缺陷形式,其完全被退火的温度比低剂量辐照的高２５０Ｋ。     

碳离子辐射对空间GaAs/Ge太阳电池性能影响的研究

利用2×1.7 MV串列静电加速器提供的碳(C)离子束模拟空间环境辐射,对空间GaAs/Ge太阳电池用注量为3.1×109-6.9×1012 cm-2的2 MeV C离子进行辐照.通过Ⅰ-Ⅴ特性和光谱响应测试,研究分析了GaAs/Ge太阳电池的C离子辐射效应.结果表明:随着C离子辐照注量的增加,GaAs/Ge太阳电池电性能参数Isc、Voc和Pmax衰降增大,其中Pmax衰降最大,Isc次之,Voc最小.该衰降规律和质子辐照的衰降规律相似.但使GaAs/Ge太阳电池的Pmax衰降到原值的50%,用C离子辐照所需注量要比相同射程的质子辐照小两个量级.在低注量辐照时,光谱响应衰降主要发生在长波范围;而注量大于3.1×1010 cm-2时,则发生明显的长、短波整个波段的光谱响应衰降;当注量增大到2.3×1011 cm-2以上,光谱响应基本消失.     

Bystander effect in human hepatoma HepG2 cells caused by medium transfers at different times after high-LET carbon ion irradiation

Although radiation-induced bystander effects have been well documented in a variety of biological systems, whether irradiated cells have the ability to generate bystander signaling persistently is still unclear and the clinical relevance of bystander effects in radiotherapy remains to be elucidated. This study examines tumor cellular bystander response to autologous medium from cell culture irradiated with high-linear energy transfer (LET) heavy ions at a therapeutically relevant dose in terms of clonogenic cell survival. In vitro experiments were performed using human hepatoma HepG2 cell line exposed to 100 keV/μm carbon ions at a dose of 2 Gy. Two different periods (2 and 12 h) after irradiation, irradiated cell conditioned medium (ICCM) and replenished fresh medium were harvested and then transferred to unirradiated bystander cells. Cellular bystander responses were measured with the different medium transfer protocols. Significant higher survival fractions of unirradiated cells receiving the media from the irradiated cultures at the different times post-irradiation than those of the control were observed. Even replenishing fresh medium for unirradiated cells which had been exposed to the ICCM for 12 h could not prevent the bystander cells from the increased survival fraction. These results suggest that the irradiated cells could release unidentified signal factor(s), which induced the increase in survival fraction for the unirradiated bystander cells, into the media sustainedly and the carbon ions triggered a cascade of signaling events in the irradiated cells rather than secreting the soluble signal factor(s) just at a short period after irradiation. Based on the observations in this study, the importance of bystander effect in clinical radiotherapy was discussed and incorporating the bystander effect into the current radiobiological models, which are applicable to heavy ion radiotherapy, is needed urgently.     

电离辐射诱发体内旁效应的初步研究

探讨孕鼠受γ射线照射对旁效应器官胎鼠脑组织神经发育的影响。将怀孕的昆明小鼠随机分为7组:空白对照组、0.5 Gy全身照射组、0.5 Gy头部照射组、1.0 Gy全身照射组、1.0 Gy头部照射组、2.0 Gy全身照射组及2.0 Gy头部照射组。照射组用60Co治疗机对实验小鼠于孕9 d单次急性垂直照射,于孕18 d取胎鼠脑组织,用酶联免疫吸附法(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定胎脑组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AchE)及乙酰胆碱(Acetylcholine,Ach)的含量。结果显示,与空白对照组比较,0.5 Gy和1.0 Gy头部照射组胎脑Ach含量显著性降低(p0.05);2.0 Gy头部照射组胎脑AchE及Ach含量均显著性降低(p0.05);0.5 Gy全身照射组胎脑AchE含量明显升高(p0.05);2.0 Gy全身照射组胎脑AchE及Ach含量均显著性降低(p0.05)。孕鼠急性头部受照,电离辐射能够诱发体内旁效应,其胎脑效应类似孕鼠急性全身照射后胎脑效应。     

12C6+离子辐照诱发人类肝L02细胞hprt基因突变的研究

本文研究12C6 离子辐照人类肝细胞系L02细胞诱发hprt基因突变与剂量的效应关系,为正确评价重离子对人体正常组织细胞的辐射风险及危害提供基础数据和依据.分别用12C6 离子束(LET为30 keV/μm)和X射线(LET为0.2 keV/μm)对L02细胞进行0～6Gy照射后,用克隆形成法检测细胞的存活分数,另外在含有6-TG的培养基中克隆、筛选hprt突变细胞株,测定突变频率.结果表明:12C6 离子辐照后L02细胞的存活分数明显小于X射线照后.两种射线照射后,每106个存活细胞中突变克隆的个数随照射剂量增大而增大,受照细胞的突变频率也都在1Gy处最大.但相对于X射线,人类肝细胞系L02细胞对高LET重离子辐射更敏感,而且12C6 离子束诱发更多的存活细胞hprt基因突变.     

Irradiation effects in polycarbonate induced by 2.1 GeV Kr ions

Polycarbonate foil stacks were irradiated with 2.1 GeV Kr ions under vacuum at room temperature. The modifications in chemical structure induced by the irradiation were studied by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible (UV/VIS) spectroscopies. FTIR measurements reveal that material degradations through bond breaking are the main effects. Alkyne end groups are produced by the irradiation. UV/VIS measurements indicate a shifting of the absorption edge from ultraviolet towards visible, and a strong increase of absorbance in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The changes in absorbance induced by the irradiation at wavelengths of 380 nm, 450 nm and 500 nm scale well with Sc"(Sc is electronic energy loss) where the value of n increases from 1.69 to 2.02 with increasing of the wavelength. The results are briefly discussed.     

铀氢锆堆中子源辐照含硼C6胶质瘤细胞的生物学效应研究

利用蒙卡程序MCNP／4B(Monte Carlo N-particle transportcode／4B)设计了C6细胞辐照实验的铀氢锆堆中子源。建立了细胞培养、孵育、L-BPA(L-boron phenylalanine)给药、细胞内宏观硼浓度测定及辐照实验方法，观察了BNCT(Boron neutron capture therapy)辐照实验对体外C6胶质瘤细胞的放射生物学效应，研究了C6细胞BNCT辐照效应与照射剂量之间的关系。试验结果表明，在同等吸收剂量下，BNCT对C6细胞的杀伤作用远远大于γ射线。     

85MeV~(19)F离子辐照GaP的正电子湮没研究

用正电子湮没寿命技术研究了 2 .4× 10 15 cm2 和 2 .2× 10 16 cm2 85MeV19F离子辐照GaP的辐照效应。结果表明 ,辐照在GaP中产生浓度较高的单空位 ,且随辐照剂量增大浓度增加     

Electron emission from carbon induced by the ions C, O, CO and

The secondary electron yield from carbon induced by the ions C⁺, O⁺, CO⁺ and has been measured as a function of ion energy in the range of 2 to 20 keV. It has been observed that electron yield from carbon increases with projectile energy. By comparing electron yields induced by equally fast atomic and molecular projectiles, a molecular effect as a yield reduction has been observed. The measured molecular effect was stronger than the predictions of sweeping-out-electron model.     

二氢青蒿素对人脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞辐射增敏作用及其机制的研究

为研究二氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin)对人脑胶质瘤SHG44细胞辐射增敏作用及其机制,采用MTT法(Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium)检测增殖抑制作用;应用克隆形成法检测放射增敏作用;运用流式细胞术检测二氢青蒿素及60Coγ射线作用后细胞周期的变化;应用Western Blot...     

重离子辐照冬小麦诱变效应的研究

利用3.2—75MeV/u4个能量、2×108—12×108cm–24个剂量的O和C重离子处理3个冬小麦品种,1612研究其诱变效应。结果表明,M1代的生物损伤随剂量的增加而加大;8MeV/u能量的损伤要比高能75MeV/u时大;8MeV/u较易出现在高能75MeV/u离子和γ辐射中未见的条状叶绿素缺失损伤,此结果未见相关报导。M2代诱变效果显著,突变谱宽,有益突变(早熟、矮杆、穗形)频率明显高于γ射线,且较易诱发早抽穗性状变异。     

重离子单粒子效应实验研究

在HI—l3串列加速器上建立了对微电子器件进行单粒子效应模拟实验的辐照和检测技术。利用该Q3D磁谱仪获得种类和能量单一、强度分布均匀且足够弱的重离子辐照源，利用散射室内的半导体探测器和焦面上的位置灵敏半导体探测器监测辐照离子。用该装置和技术测量了在8个传能线密度(LET)值的重离子辐照下引起的几个存储器器件的单粒子翻转（SEI）截面o(L)。从测得的o(L)——LET曲线，结合空间重离子和质子辐照环境模型以及离子与微电子器件相互作用模型计算，预言了器件在空间的单粒子翻转率。     

低剂量／低剂量率电离辐射生物效应

与大剂量／高剂量率电离辐射诱导的急性组织损伤效应不同,低剂量／低剂量率电离辐射除诱导慢性随机效应外,在一定条件下还可诱导兴奋效应和适应性反应。本文介绍有关低剂量／低剂量率辐射的定义和目前在低剂量／低剂量率辐射生物效应研究中存在的一些理论和现实问题,系统回顾低剂量脐0量率辐射诱导的一些生物学效应及效应发生的特点。     

Ring chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes induced by 5-20 Gy carbon ion irradiation

<正>In this paper,we study the biological response induced by heavy ions irradiation of high dose,human peripheral blood lymphocytes are irradiated in vitro by the carbon ions of LET=35 keV/μm,and the chromosome aberrations at absorbed doses of 0-20 Gy are analyzed by the calyculin A-induced premature chromosome condensation(PCC).The frequencies of PCC-rings at the stage of G2/M-phase increase steeply with radiation doses up to 20 Gy at a rate of 0.017 Gy~(-1).The G2-PCC index remains more than 5%up to 15 Gy,and 3%after 20 Gy,this is high enough to score a substantial number of chromosome spreads without dose-rate effect.The results show that the calyculin A-induced PCC technique is suitable for analyzing the chromosome damage induced by carbon ions irradiation of high dose.