汽车后桥从动齿轮的失效分析

采用形貌观察、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试和有效硬化层深测量等方法,对某型号载重车后桥从动齿轮在运行中出现齿部断裂和齿面剥落现象进行了分析.结果表明:齿轮失效原因在于齿轮齿根部有较深的切削沟槽,导致齿根部应力加大,形成裂纹源,并产生高周疲劳引起齿根部断裂,进而波及其它齿产生断裂和剥落;同时也存在齿轮润滑油选用不当的...     

航空发动机减速器齿轮齿面剥落故障分析

某型航空发动机减速器在试车过程中出现磁堵报警,通过分解检查发现报警是由减速器某主动齿轮齿面出现剥落所引起。经过分析最终确认：故障齿轮副齿顶圆角均偏小进而导致应力集中;前期超扭状态下,该齿轮接触印痕重载区下边界在齿根位置扩展,存在明显的局部应力集中,导致齿面损伤;且喷嘴堵塞,润滑不足,进而出现点蚀,并进一步扩展为剥落。针对此次故障,该文提出改进措施并通过试验验证可行性,所得经验可为今后齿轮类似故障提供参考。     

某火电厂高速渗碳齿轮轮齿断裂原因

某火电厂给水泵耦合器二级从动渗碳齿轮多处轮齿发生断裂.通过宏/微观形貌观察、化学成分检测、金相检验以及力学性能测试等方法分析了轮齿断裂原因.结果表明:轮齿齿面处渗碳层表面硬度不足,耐磨性能和抗疲劳性能较差,在接触应力长期反复作用下,轮齿齿面表层金属剥落形成麻坑,同时齿轮组织中存在白点缺陷,材料的综合力学性能不足;在齿轮高速转动过程中,齿面受接触应力作用,裂纹在剥落麻坑周围应力集中处萌生并迅速扩展,导致轮齿发生脆性断裂.     

斜齿轮齿面剥落故障动力学建模与动态特征研究

斜齿轮存在移动载荷及空间结构复杂等因素,导致斜齿轮齿面剥落故障振动特征的提取非常困难。为了分析斜齿轮齿面剥落故障引起的振动响应特征,提出了基于切片法和势能法的斜齿轮齿面剥落故障啮合刚度的计算方法,考虑斜齿轮齿面剥落故障接触线长度的变化,分析了齿面剥落在长度和宽度两个方向扩展对时变啮合刚度的影响。同时,建立了6自由度斜齿轮系统动力学模型,获得了不同长度齿面剥落的动态响应特征及不同转速和负载对其的影响。研究结果表明,新的计算方法能够准确计算斜齿轮齿面剥落故障对啮合刚度、动态响应等特性的影响,可为齿轮系统状态监测提供依据。     

准双曲面齿轮研齿烧伤及抑制研究

汽车驱动桥准双曲面齿轮在研齿加工过程中经常出现齿面烧伤现象,这种缺陷将导致准双曲面齿轮在使用的过程中出现点蚀、剥落打齿等失效模式。本文提出的根据研齿烧伤部位的宏观特征辨别研齿烧伤的方法;从金相组织、硬度变化分析出齿面烧伤对齿轮寿命的影响,并进行了台架试验和道路试验验证。通过建立准双曲面齿轮啮合点相对滑动的数学模型,计算出各啮合部位的相对滑动速度,发现齿面烧伤部位正是相对滑动速度最大的部位。通过多轮研齿烧伤再现试验研究证明了零侧隙研齿是导致研齿烧伤的主要因素。结合生产实践经验,提出了研齿标准作业程序、研齿侧隙自动监控等抑制研齿烧伤方法。     

用新方法检定齿轮接触斑点

在初始状态下,齿轮副的接触斑点如何,这个问题与齿轮传动工作平稳性和使用寿命有着密切的联系。特别是重载齿轮传动,常发现由于初始接触不良,导致齿面早期点蚀、剥落甚至失效。因此,接触斑点是评定齿轮副加工、安装误差的综合项目之一,尤其是低速中载和重载的齿轮传动。近年来随着硬齿面齿轮在重载齿轮传动中的广泛应用,保证齿面的接触精度更加重要。因为它不像软齿面,经跑合接触斑点有所增加,而是接触斑点基本上     

表面硬化齿轮剥落损伤试验研究与强度计算

本文通过对30对4种不同渗碳层深度的滚轮进行模拟齿面剥落损伤试验研究，从疲劳的观点出发，考虑应力幅和应力循环特性以及接触应力场与材料强度场的合理匹配，进一步澄清了导致疲劳剥落的应力，并根据常用材料表面硬化处理后的硬度与强度及有关强度极限之间的近似关系，导出防止表面硬化齿轮剥落损伤的强度条件式。     

重载传动齿轮失效模式分析

通过对履带式车辆重载传动齿轮在服役过程中常见的失效模式进行讨论,从齿轮弯曲疲劳、齿面接触疲劳和齿面磨损3种主要失效模式的失效机理进行了分析,明确了齿根和齿面更易出现损伤,裂纹扩展导致齿轮失效,导致传动装置失效,造成车辆出现故障无法行驶。阐述了喷丸和超声滚压等表面残余应力控制技术作用于齿轮的强化机理,残余压应力能够有效降低促使裂纹扩展的拉应力,明确了成熟稳定的喷丸和超声滚压设备及体系化的工艺设计,能够保证重载传动齿轮表面强化的工业化批量生产。     

剥落故障演变对直齿轮副啮合刚度的影响研究

作为机械装备中的关键传动机构,渐开线直齿轮在啮合传动过程中,受极端工况影响,轮齿表面极易引发剥落缺陷,改变齿轮副啮合刚度,严重影响其工作性能和传动效率.针对轮齿表面剥落形貌演变过程中的齿轮副啮合刚度,以拓展后边缘线与原矩形剥落边缘线夹角描述剥落故障演变,结合势能法构建了含剥落故障齿轮副的啮合刚度计算模型.结果表明,当齿轮副发生齿面剥落时,会使剥落区域参与的啮合区间啮合刚度减小,并且随着剥落参数的增大,齿轮啮合刚度减小趋势增大;当剥落区域沿齿轮副轴向中心面不对称时,齿轮易发生扭转变形而产生扭转刚度;同时,由于摩擦力存在,剥落区域边缘会进一步拓展,使剥落区域的宽度增大,导致齿轮副时变啮合刚度曲线变化的区间范围增大.     

基于动力学的齿轮齿面故障模拟方法的研究

当齿面产生剥落时,其啮合刚度变化引起的振动响应特征是实现剥落故障诊断的重要依据。基于动力学研究,建立直齿圆柱齿轮副啮合振动分析模型,简要分析其动力学特性。以有限元软件为基础,运用ANSYS/LS-DYNA分别建立完整齿面齿轮(以下简称正常齿轮)副和齿面有剥落齿轮(以下简称故障齿轮)副的冲击特性有限元仿真模型,对其进行动力学仿真,得到相同加载和初始条件下,正常齿轮和故障齿轮的相关参数随时间变化曲线。通过对比,分析得到故障齿轮的故障特征,齿面剥落的存在使得齿轮综合啮合刚度明显减小,加上系统时域信号中存在周期性冲击响应,使得故障信号更加明显和具有周期性。通过对正常齿轮和故障齿轮不同位置的振动信号进行仿真,并和试验结果进行对比,验证仿真的正确性,从而为齿面故障诊断和嵌入式传感器的优化布置提供参考。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.