用琼斯传输矩阵法研究二阶偏振模色散的统计特性

利用琼斯传输矩阵法研究了二阶偏振模色散的统计特性。对数值模拟中出现的偏振模色散随步长变化的问题做了相应的修正 ,利用修正后的模型得到了偏振模色散矢量的频率相关特性 ;模拟了偏振模色散值为 2 5ps时二阶偏振模色散的几率分布 ,所得结果与理论结果能够很好地吻合 ;简单地分析了脉宽为 8ps的高斯脉冲在此条件下的展宽情况 ,指出了高阶补偿的必要性。     

单模光纤中椭圆双折射下偏振模色散特性研究

为了分析椭圆双折射对偏振模色散的影响,将模型中的偏振模色散(PMD)矢量及极化相关损耗(PDL)矢量设定为椭圆偏振矢量,应用保偏光纤(PMF)级联模型和蒙特卡罗仿真方法,研究在PDL影响下的PMD统计特性。研究表明,PMD和PDL矢量的椭圆偏振程度对PMD的统计分布和均值大小均会有影响;在椭圆偏振和PDL的联合影响下,PMD的统计分布为Maxwell和Gaussian分布的合分布。研究结果对偏振模色散的测试、补偿和系统设计均具有参考价值。     

高速光通信偏振模色散补偿前馈信号提取方法

为了得到高阶偏振模色散的前馈信息,采用数值模拟的方法,通过一种实时提取1阶和2阶偏振模色散的模型,直接得到了偏振模色散的大小和方向。将模拟得到的偏振模色散大小与从琼斯矩阵理论中计算的结果进行比较,结果表明,采用该模型的模拟结果与理论计算值在差分群时延为一个比特周期内符合较好。从得到的偏振模色散矢量的大小和方向信息可以为高阶偏振模色散补偿提供前馈信息。这一结果对偏振模色散的前馈补偿系统的设计具有参考价值。     

一种高速光纤通信高阶偏振模色散补偿的前馈信号提取方法

建立了一种实时提取一阶和二阶偏振模色散的模型,可以直接得到偏振模色散的大小和方向。通过数值模拟将得到的偏振模色散大小与从琼斯矩阵理论中计算的结果进行比较,我们模拟结果与理论计算值在差分群时延为一个比特周期内较好相符。从得到的偏振模色散矢量的大小和方向信息可以为高阶阶偏振模色散补偿提供前馈信息     

一种新的自适应偏振模色散补偿前馈方法

提出了一种新偏振模色散（PMD）补偿的方法，直接从被补偿光纤中提取偏振色散矢量的大小和方向信息，根据算法调节偏振模色散补偿器的各参量，使得补偿器的快轴与被补偿光纤的慢轴对准，从而使得偏振模色散得到补偿。这种方法的优点是减少了搜索的自由度。建立了40Gb／s偏振模色散前馈补偿系统，并通过数值模拟．对40Gb／s的非归零（NRZ）码的偏振模色散进行了自适应补偿。通过对补偿前后的眼图、偏振度（DOP）和Q值进行对比和分析，结果表明，这种偏振模色散补偿的前馈方法是非常有效的。     

偏振模色散补偿的2种反馈控制信号特性比较

为了研究光纤通信系统中存在高阶偏振模色散时,采用偏振度和电带宽作反馈信号,偏振模色散的补偿效果,采用数值模拟方法比较了两种常用的反馈控制信号对偏振模色散性能的影响,由模拟结果可知,从性能上讲,两种反馈信号都随1阶偏振模色散变化而具有线性变化,当系统中有高阶偏振模色散时,二者均不具有线性的变化,但偏振度的性能要优于电带宽信号。结果表明,这对偏振模色散补偿具有一定的指导意义。     

实验环路PMD统计特性的研究

研究了光纤循环环路的偏振模色散统计特性，利用琼斯矩阵法对光纤循环环路的偏振模色散统计特性进行了数值模拟。结果表明，循环环路中与单一链路中的偏振模色散统计特性相比，无论是一阶还是高阶特性都有明显的区别。     

在线同步调制对偏振模色散补偿的研究

通过解在线同步调制的非线性耦合方程,揭示在线同步调制对偏振模色散补偿的原理;数值计算了在线同步调制对40Gbit/s脉冲传输的偏振模色散的补偿作用。结果表明,同步调制可使脉冲传输距离增大3倍,大大改善了脉冲传输性能,有效地对偏振模色散进行了补偿。     

光纤通信系统中偏振模色散补偿的二种反馈控制信号的特性比较

为了说明当光纤通信系统中存在高阶偏振模色散时,采用DOP和电带宽作反馈信号PMD补偿效果均会受到高阶偏振模色散的影响,用数值模拟方法比较了二种常用的反馈控制信号与偏振模色散的性能,模拟结果表明,从性能上讲,二种反馈信号都随一阶PMD变化而具有线性变化,当系统中有高阶偏振模色散时,二者均不具有线性的变化。模拟结果对偏振模色散补偿具有一定的指导意义。     

偏振模色散仿真器特性研究

光纤通信线路的偏振模色散已成为高速、长距离光纤通信系统发展的主要障碍之一 ,其特性、测量以及补偿方法的研究成为目前光纤通信研究热点之一。偏振模色散仿真器 ,用于仿真传输链路的偏振模色散特性 ,不仅可用于偏振模色散补偿器 ,也可用于高速长距离光纤通信系统的规划设计等。本文分析了光纤偏振模色散仿真器的研究现状 ,归纳总结了现有偏振模色散仿真器的设计原理和结构特征 ,并用蒙特卡罗法对常用的偏振模色散仿真器的特性进行了数值模拟     

偏振模色散模拟器产生二阶PMD的理论研究

对基于保偏光纤（PMF）级联的偏振模色散模拟器（PMD emulator)产生的二阶PMD进行了数值模拟，结果表明，采用偏振控制器（PC）连接明显优于可旋转连接器（FC）连接，当级联段数N＝8时，PC连接的模拟器产生的二阶PMD与理论曲线基本符合；PMF的长度对PMD模拟器模拟二阶PMD并没有明显影响。     

PMD-induced fluctuations of bit-error rate in optical fiber systems

This paper presents a method that allows evaluating the performance of an optical fiber system where bit errors result from a complex interplay of spontaneous noise generated in optical amplifiers and birefringent disorder of the transmission fiber. We demonstrate that in the presence of temporal fluctuations of birefringence characteristics, the bit-error rate (BER) itself is insufficient for characterizing system performance. Adequate characterization requires introducing the probability distribution function (PDF) of the BER obtained by averaging over many realizations of birefringent disorder. Our theoretical analysis shows that this PDF has an extended tail indicating the importance of anomalously large values of BER. We present the results of comprehensive analysis of the following issues: 1) The dependence of the PDF tail shape on detection details, such as filtering and regular temporal shift adjustment; 2) the changes in the PDF of BER that occur when the first- or higher order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation techniques are applied; 3) an alternative PMD compensation method capable of providing more efficient suppression of extreme outages.     

高速光纤通信系统中高阶PMD补偿技术研究

随着光放大器和色度色散补偿技术的不断提高，光纤的偏振模色散（PMD）已经成为超高速、超长距离光纤通信系统发展的主要障碍，在40Gbit/s或更高速率的光纤通信系统中，PMD的影响已不可忽略，必须考虑PMD的补偿问题，从高阶PMD对40Gbit/s NRZ系统影响的数值模拟发现，当光纤中PMD高阶效应比较明显时，将严重劣化一阶PMD补偿的效果，另外，通过对两种高阶PMD补偿器的比较介绍，认为两段级联的高队PMD补偿系统是一种比较现实的补偿方法。     

光纤偏振模色散和偏振相关损耗对超短光脉冲传输的影响

采用琼斯矩阵与随机耦合的波片模型（Monte—Carlo）方法相结合研究了在偏振模色散（PMD）和偏振相关损耗（PDL）共同作用下,超短光脉冲经光纤传输后脉冲被展宽的统计特性。结果表明,通过与偏振模色散的相互作用,偏振相关损耗可以引起光脉冲的压缩效应,同时脉冲展宽和压缩的概率密度分布与光纤偏振模色散及偏振相关损耗的相对数值存在十分密切的关系。在偏振模色散为0．05ps／km^1/2,光纤长度为75km的情况下,当偏振相关损耗均值从0．07dB／km增加到0．49dB／km时,光脉冲被压缩的概率从4．3％增大到92．9％。无论何种情况下,脉冲压缩和展宽的概率密度均可用瑞利-麦克斯韦分布函数进行描述。     

Time and frequency domain characteristics of polarization-modedispersion emulators

We investigate both experimentally and theoretically a new technique to realistically emulate polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). We propose and demonstrate a PMD emulator using rotatable connectors between sections of polarization-maintaining fibers that generates an ensemble of high PMD fiber realizations by randomly rotating the connectors. It is shown that: (1) the DGD of this emulator is Maxwellian-distributed over an ensemble of fiber realizations at any fixed optical frequency; and (2) the frequency autocorrelation function of the PMD emulator resembles that in a real fiber when averaged over an ensemble of fiber realizations. A realistic autocorrelation function is required for proper emulation of higher order PMD and indicates the feasibility of using this emulator for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems     

Comparison of polarization mode dispersion emulators

We analyze polarization mode dispersion (PMD) emulators comprised of a small number of sections of polarization-maintaining fibers with polarization scattering at the beginning of each section. Unlike previously studied devices, these emulators allow the emulation of a whole ensemble of fibers. We derive an analytical expressions and determine two main criteria that characterize the quality of PMD emulation. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions     

Continuous-wave backreflection measurement of polarization modedispersion

Experimental results of continuous-wave polarization mode dispersion (PMD) measurements are presented. The proposed technique is based on the backscattered signal given by the Fresnel reflection at the fiber far-end. Experimental statistical distribution of the differential group delay of the round-trip is reported. It presents a Rayleigh distribution whose mean value is simply related to the fiber mean differential group delay. Finally, the statistical distribution of the round-trip dispersion vector is found experimentally and numerically. The proposed method can be easily used for one-end measurement of PMD in installed optical cables     

Optimized spinning design for low PMD fibers: an analyticalapproach

It is known that the differential group delay (DGD) due to polarization mode dispersion (PMD) can be effectively reduced by spinning the fiber during drawing. In this paper, we propose an analytical approach that allows optimization of the spinning design. The fundamental idea is that, in the absence of polarization coupling, an optimized spinning profile can balance the effects of the intrinsic linear birefringence so that the differential group delay can be forced to be periodic and, consequently, have a limited amplitude as a function of distance. Our approach Is independent of the spin profile. In other words, with a fixed set of parameters that characterize a particular spin function, we are able to find analytically the values corresponding to a periodic DGD in a deterministic regime. Numerical results based on waveplate model confirm the analytical prediction and show that PMD can be reduced by about two orders of magnitude with respect to the same fiber without spinning, even after the introduction of random polarization coupling     

An adaptive first-order polarization-mode dispersion compensationsystem aided by polarization scrambling: theory and demonstration

An adaptive polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) compensation system has been developed to cancel the effects of first-order PMD by producing a complementary PMD vector in the receiver. Control parameters for the PMD compensation system comprised of a polarization controller and a PMD emulator are derived from the nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal in the channel to be compensated. Estimates of the link's differential group delay (DGD) and principal states of polarization (PSPs) based on this signal are reliable when the signal power is equally split between the link's two PSP's; however this condition cannot be assumed. To meet this requirement, we scramble the state of polarization (SOP) of the input signal at a rate much greater than the response time of the PMD monitor signal so that each sample represents many different SOP alignments. This approach allows the effective cancellation of the first-order PMD effects within an optical fiber channel