纳米粒子和聚四氟乙烯填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

以纳米氧化锌(ZnO)和纳米蒙脱土(MMT)及聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)作为复合填料,通过热压成型工艺制备了纳米ZnO-MMT及PTFE填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料,采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米粒子对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损表面形貌。结果表明当PTFE和MMT的填充量均保持为质量分数6%,填充纳米ZnO质量分数为4%~6%时的复合材料可获得较好的摩擦磨损性能,与不含纳米ZnO的复合材料相比,其摩擦因数最低下降了11.1%,而磨损率下降了83.3%。当复合填料中纳米ZnO含量较低时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现为不同程度的粘着磨损,但当复合填料中纳米ZnO含量较高时,复合材料的磨损机制主要表现不同程度的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,同时其复合材料的摩擦磨损性能出现了恶化现象。     

水润滑条件下聚丙烯/有机改性蒙脱土纳米复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

针对2种有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT,TJ-2型和KH-V6型),研究了熔融插层法制备的聚丙烯(PP)/OMMT纳米复合材料在水润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料的磨损表面.结果表明:2种PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随OMMT含量的增加先减小后增加.当TJ-2型OMMT质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为纯PP的88%和48%;当KH-V6型OMMT质量分数为2%时,复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率分别为纯PP的92%和50%.此外,在水介质中,随OMMT填充量的增加,PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的主要磨损形式依次是磨粒磨损、粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

填充纳米SiO2对超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

用热压成型法制备了纳米SiO2填充超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合材料,采用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机考察了纳米粒子对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损表面形貌,并借助X射线能谱仪对试样磨损表面进行了微区分析。结果表明:纯UHMWPE磨损表面局部存在着大量的粘着变形和疲劳裂纹的特征,填充15%(质量分数)的纳米SiO2能较好地改善UHMWPE/nano-SiO2复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,其磨损表面只存在粘着撕裂现象,看不到疲劳裂纹特征。当填充纳米SiO2质量分数达到20%时,其磨损表面存在贫Si区和富Si区,同时磨损表面呈现出热裂纹迹象,复合材料的耐磨性能改善程度明显下降,并且摩擦因数出现了增大趋势。     

改性UHMWPE水润滑轴承材料摩擦磨损性能研究

以超高分子量聚乙烯为基体,用纳米二硫化钼和氟橡胶对其进行改性,制备一种新型复合UHMWPE水润滑轴承材料。在轴系试验台SSB-100上,研究复合UHMWPE材料在不同转速下的摩擦磨损性能,并分析其磨损形貌。结果表明,采用纳米二硫化钼改性UHMWPE时并不能有效改善其摩擦性能;采用氟橡胶改性时UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦因数呈现整体下降、局部波动的趋势,并在氟橡胶质量分数为20%时摩擦因数最低;二硫化钼和氟橡胶协同改性UHMWPE材料的摩擦因数随着二硫化钼和氟橡胶含量的升高而逐渐下降,其中纳米二硫化钼质量分数为8%、氟橡胶质量分数为16%的材料摩擦性能和磨损性能都达到最优。     

石墨填充聚醚酰亚胺摩擦学性能分析

在M-200摩擦试验机上进行不同含量石墨填充PEI基复合材料的摩擦磨损试验,利用扫描电子显微镜分析了断口和磨损表面的显微结构,并分析了磨损机制。考察了表面硬度随含量填充量的变化规律。试验结果表明:石墨在复合材料基体中呈片状结构,磨损过程中易形成转移膜,从而改善了摩擦磨损情况,其中填充质量分数10%石墨的PEI基复合材料摩擦因数最低,填充30%石墨的复合材料磨损率最低,材料表面硬度随着填充石墨含量的增加而降低,石墨填充量在5%～30%之间表面硬度下降平缓,当填充量超过30%时,材料表面硬度下降剧烈。     

水润滑条件下聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/有机改性蒙脱土复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用2种有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT,TJ-2型和KH-V6型),研究了乳液插层法制备的2种聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/OMMT复合材料在水介质作用下的摩擦磨损性能,并用扫描电子显微镜观察分析了复合材料的磨损表面。结果表明:2种PMMA/OMMT复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率都随OMMT含量的增加先减小后增加。当OMMT质量分数为5%时,2种复合材料的磨损率最小,约为PMMA的55%,当OMMT质量分数为4%时,2种复合材料的摩擦因数最小,约为PMMA的68%。此外,2种复合材料的磨损机制也基本相同,随着OMMT含量的增加,主要磨损形式依次是粘着磨损、磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损与磨粒磨损的混合磨损形式。     

纳米ZrO2改性热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用热模压工艺制备了纳米ZrO2改性热塑性聚酰亚胺(PI)纳米复合材料,考察了复合材料的力学性能、在干摩擦和油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了冲击断面和磨损表面形貌.结果表明:纳米ZrO2在低含量下对PI复合材料的力学性能影响不大,随着其含量的增大,材料的弯曲性能下降,刚性增大.在干摩擦条件下,较低的纳米颗粒含量有助于转移膜的形成,从而降低材料的摩擦因数及磨损率.纳米ZrO2体积分数为1%时,材料的摩擦磨损性能较纯PI分别下降了50%和15%;在油润滑条件下,润滑油的流动性有助于纳米颗粒分布到整个摩擦界面,PI复合材料的摩擦因数及磨损率有明显降低,此时磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主.     

剑麻纤维和低密度聚乙烯填充聚甲醛复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

通过双螺杆挤出熔融共混的方法制备剑麻纤维(SF)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共同填充的聚甲醛复合材料,在HT-500型高温摩擦磨损试验机上考察其干滑动摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能,并通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察其磨损表面形貌,分析磨损机制。结果表明:添加适量的LDPE能显著降低POM的摩擦因数和磨损率,当LDPE质量分数为5%时,复合材料的摩擦因数下降21.7%,磨损率降低10%;随SF质量分数的增加,POM/5%LDPE/SF复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势,当SF质量分数为5%时,复合材料摩擦磨损性能优异,在转速为1 120 r/m in,恒定载荷为8 N的实验条件下,其稳定摩擦因数为0.16,磨损率为1.61×10-6mm3/(N.m)。纯POM磨损方式以黏着磨损为主,POM/5%LDPE/SF复合材料以疲劳磨损为主,伴随有转移膜的剥落。     

凹凸棒土改性聚酰亚胺复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用原位聚合法制备凹凸棒土/聚酰亚胺纳米复合材料,考察纳米复合材料的力学性能及在干摩擦、水润滑和油润滑3种情况下的摩擦磨损性能,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察磨损表面形貌。结果表明:凹凸棒土质量分数为3%时,复合材料的拉伸强度最好,随着纳米颗粒含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率明显下降,而弹性模量一直呈现上升趋势;在干摩擦条件下,低含量的纳米颗粒有助于转移膜的形成,可以有效改善材料的摩擦性能;在水润滑下,由于水的溶胀和冷却作用,摩擦因数较干摩擦降低了一个数量级;在油润滑下,润滑油的流动性有助于纳米颗粒分布到整个摩擦表面,材料的摩擦因数及磨损率有明显降低,相比于干摩擦和水润滑的磨粒磨损,此时磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主。     

硫酸钙晶须填充UHMWPE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以硫酸钙晶须(CSW)作为填料填充改性超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE),采用热压成型法制备了不同硫酸钙晶须含量的UHMWPE/CSW复合材料;在销-盘摩擦磨损试验机上考察了硫酸钙晶须对UHMWPE/CSW复合材料摩擦学性能的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜对UHMWPE复合材料的磨损表面进行了微观分析。结果表明:随着硫酸钙晶须填充量的增加,复合材料的硬度逐渐增大,耐磨性能逐渐增加,摩擦因数逐渐减小;当硫酸钙晶须填充质量分数为20%时,UHMWPE/CSW复合材料的摩擦学性能最好。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.