特殊测量齿轮磨损分析

本文研究了齿轮啮合分离测试技术中测量齿轮的磨损特性，通过对测量时磨损规律的分析．在假设磨损后曲率等参数不变的前提下．定量分析了测量齿形线磨损量的变化规律．从而计算出测量齿轮的使用寿命．计算结果与一些文献介绍的数据较吻合。     

考虑磨损的直齿轮啮合刚度计算与分析

基于能量法和Archard磨损模型,提出了一种考虑磨损的齿轮啮合刚度数值计算方法.根据展成法原理,建立了精确的齿廓曲线方程.利用能量法计算齿轮单齿啮合刚度,并通过分段1阶傅里叶级数拟合获得齿轮总啮合刚度.以Archard磨损模型为基础,计算得到齿面法向磨损量与啮合点处压力角的关系.计算分析了不同磨损量对齿轮啮合刚度的影...     

销盘式复合材料小样磨损实验装置研制

介绍了一种用于复合材料小型试样磨损性能测试的简易磨损实验装置,通过测试多组复合材料试样在不同转速、压力和时间段下的磨损量,对比分析试样的耐磨性能,为复合材料工艺和性能优化提供参照数据,适合用于复合材料研制初期的对比磨损性能测试分析.     

车削可加工陶瓷刀具磨损模型研究

使用硬质合金刀具对二硅酸锂玻璃陶瓷和氟金云母陶瓷进行车削实验,利用激光共聚焦检测系统观察刀具磨损形貌,研究刀具磨损机理。提出刀具磨损机制,即在工件待加工表面硬质点多次划擦作用下导致的疲劳磨损,刀具磨损形式为后刀面接触区的逐层剥落。通过赫兹接触理论和摩擦疲劳学建立了一种刀具磨损理论模型,而后在不同切削参数下进行车削实验,验证理论模型的有效性,分析切削参数对刀具磨损的影响。结果表明:理论模型计算值可以良好地预测刀具磨损量,模型预测曲线与实际磨损曲线趋势相符。     

往复式摩擦磨损试验机及其计算机控制系统设计

针对不同固体材料在不同条件下的摩擦磨损实验要求,开发设计了一种往复式摩擦磨损试验机,通过测量实验中产生的摩擦力、摩擦系数和磨损量的变化来研究材料的摩擦磨损性能。为提高测试系统的精确性和实时性,将计算机辅助测试系统应用到摩擦学试验当中,通过数据采集系统和测试软件系统完成摩擦磨损数据的实时动态测试,从根本上改变了传统摩擦磨损试验机的缺点。通过对聚四氟乙烯材料的摩擦磨损性能进行实验,证明该试验机性能稳定,测试系统准确可靠。     

刀具磨损的随机模型及其在刀具可靠性试验中的应用

基于马尔可夫随机过程理论建立了刀具磨损的随机理论模型。根据此模型,刀具有任意时刻的磨损量和任意磨钝标准下的刀具磨损寿命都应该服从对数正态分布。实验结果和建立的理论模型符合较好,表明该理论模型在一定条件下是符合实际的。根据所建立的模型和加速寿命试验的原理,将刀具可靠性理论和泰勒公式结合起来,可以充分利用现有的切削数据对刀具的可靠性进行评价。     

中子活化法测量填充PTFE软带导轨材料的微量磨损的研究

高分子材料摩擦学是一个新兴领域。本文阐述了用中子活化法测量工程塑料复合材料——填充PTFE软带材料微量磨损的方法。通过实验选择合适的中子通量、测试参数以及测试手段,在不影响磨损的机械性能的前提下,进行磨损试验。当被测复合材料中含约1％Zn元素时,对磨损量的测量灵敏度达10~(-7)g数量级。磨损测量不受试验系统振动、介质、材料弹性变形、吸潮性等影响。本试验为研究工程塑料复合材料提供了一种新的、快逮、灵敏的测试手段以及筛选的方法。     

准静态与动态载荷下斜齿轮齿面粘着磨损计算

基于反向圆锥滚子等效接触模型和Archard磨损计算通式,提出了一种适用于标准斜齿轮齿面粘着磨损的计算方法。由时变接触线长百分比和弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型确定齿面载荷,根据等效接触模型和Hertz接触理论计算齿面压力和滑移距离,求出准静态与动态载荷下的齿面磨损量。通过将主动轮磨损曲线与相关文献结果比较,验证了上述方法的正确性。几何与工作参数对磨损量的影响分析显示,齿根与齿顶处的磨损量较大,且齿根的磨损量大于齿顶,节圆处的磨损量趋近于零;齿轮前端面至后端面,主动轮磨损量逐渐减小而从动轮磨损量逐渐增大;宽齿轮的磨损量沿齿宽渐趋均布。参数分析表明：增大模数、传动比、齿宽或减小扭矩均可降低磨损量,增大螺旋角或改变转速对减小齿面磨损的作用不明显。上述研究对于提高齿轮表面质量与传动性能,对于减磨设计具有一定的参考价值。     

刹车装置摩擦片磨损理论探讨

通过对有关固体磨损理论的介绍和分析，指出目前难以对刹车装置摩擦材料磨损量进行计算的原因所在。提出了一种无需实验测试即可计算刹车材料磨损量的理论公式。     

一种考虑介质污染度的液压泵轴尾机械密封磨损的计算方法

为了准确计算液压柱塞泵机械密封的磨损,基于有限元方法提出一种考虑污染度水平和机械密封运动工况的磨损量计算方法。首先,针对单个磨粒模型建立机械密封表面的有限元模型,并基于实际工况进行仿真;然后对仿真和实验数据进行回归分析,确定单个磨粒造成的磨损量;最后研究介质中多种磨损颗粒对机械密封表面磨损的综合影响,提出一种考虑油液污染度的液压柱塞泵轴尾密封磨损的计算模型。通过对轴尾密封的表面观测结果,验证机械密封的磨损形式,并计算得出实际磨损量。通过对比基于提出的模型的解析结果与实际观测结果,证明提出的方法在计算含污染颗粒的机械密封磨损量时的有效性。     

螺杆泵驱动装置磨损状态监测系统

螺杆泵驱动装置受力复杂,振源众多,轴承和齿轮的磨损类故障较为频繁,而常规的单项指标测试只能进行定性分析,诊断精确度不高。为此,开发了磨损状态监测系统。该系统由传感器、诊断仪主机和便携式计算机组成。通过建立设备信息库、故障模式库实现了故障特征自动提取;通过建立磨损状态分级模型,实现了部件的故障诊断及整机磨损状态的评判。实际应用中,诊断出了电机轴承磨损和驱动装置大、小齿轮磨损的故障,表明系统具有较高的应用价值。     

The wear behaviour of polymer composite gears

In order to examine the wear of polymer composite gears, a test facility has been developed which has enabled the wear of gear trains to be measured continuously during gear operation. Brief details of the method are given. The purpose of this paper is to report some of the results obtained from this facility and, in particular, to discuss the effect of temperature on the wear of acetal gears.     

Wear simulation of spur gears

This paper deals with prediction of wear in spur gears, which has been calculated using an approach in which the wear depth on a tooth surface is integrated over time using the Euler integration method. Variations in pressure distribution over the surface have been considered, as well as changes in curvature and surface profile of the teeth as they wear. The paper focuses on the use of an appropriate wear model for simulating wear using calculated conditions between high-performance slow-running lubricated spur gears. A numerical model for prediction of surface interaction of spur gears developed earlier by the authors has been applied as the basis for the simulation of wear using different wear models. Owing to the nature of the wear models, methods of calculating the contact temperature have been investigated for the specific case of interacting gear teeth. It was found that a linear wear model, when compared with a more complex oxidation model and with a model based on adsorption of lubricant molecules, satisfactorily predicts wear. It was also found that it is the geometry of the gears that causes sliding velocity to be the dominant wear-inducing factor, and so determines the general nature of the wear behaviour.     

Interpretation of Gear Wear

The paper discusses the concept of using morphological examination of wear debris to assess the condition of gears in a gear box. The debris examined was produced by three sets of gears that were tested in two special-purpose gear rigs. The experimental techniques employed were transmission and scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and ferrography. It is suggested that an understanding of gear tooth wear may be soundly based on the role of plastic deformation in the wear process. It is concluded that the links between wear and tooth fracture have yet to be established.     

Wear of gear of circular-arc tooth-profile: effect of helix angle and oil viscosity

The results are presented of an experimental investigation carried out at Mansoura University Laboratories aimed at studying the effect of change of helix angle and lubricating oil on wear of a relatively new type of gearing of circular-arc tooth-profile. Eighteen pairs of gears of 6 DP, 91.5 mm pitch diameter and different helix angles were run in power circulating gear test rig at different speeds and transmitting different loads, and the gears were lubricated with oils of different viscosities. It was found that wear increases with increasing helix angle and decreases with increase of oil viscosity. Variations of amount of wear with all the test variables are presented.     

斜齿轮渐进性磨损对齿轮振动特性的影响分析

目前,研究磨损对齿轮动力学特性的影响大多采用传统的Archard磨损模型,并未考虑齿轮的润滑特性,且主要研究对象多为直齿轮。为了弥补斜齿轮研究方面的不足,数值模拟了混合弹流润滑状态下斜齿轮的磨损过程,建立了一个8自由度斜齿轮动力学模型,研究齿面磨损对斜齿轮动态特性的影响。在斜齿轮试验台上进行了齿轮疲劳试验,对数值仿真结果进行验证。结果表明,齿面磨损主要发生在靠近齿根和齿顶部分,且由于齿根处较高的滑滚比导致其磨损更加严重。根据齿轮啮合频率及其谐波幅值的变化可知,磨损导致齿轮的振动增加。试验分析与数值仿真有较好的一致性,说明该研究可以为斜齿轮磨损的预测和故障诊断提供可靠的理论依据。     

Wear investigation of spur gear teeth

An FZG back‐to‐back gear test machine has been used to investigate the initial wear of spur gears. By making plastic replicas of the tooth surfaces, and measurements of the same using a 3D stylus instrument, the wear pattern has been analysed. The wear tests were run on the machine according to a predefined schedule. During planned stops, negative surface replicas were made. The replicas were measured, and the amount and distribution of wear analysed. SEM pictures were also taken of the tooth surfaces, and several different types of damage were identified. The results were compared with simulated results using identical loading and geometry. It was found that the wear was quite severe at the root of the wheels and also significant at the tip. The wear was also found to form an overloaded wave pattern on the original involute form of the tooth.     

The Wear Behavior of Small Module Gears Lubricated with NLGI 1 Grease

Small module gears (m_n ≤ 1 mm) are increasingly important in power transmitting gear applications due to ever more rigorous requirements regarding, for example, performance and weight. They can be found in numerous applications that are subject to very different operating conditions. Often, small module gear applications are grease lubricated. This results in the lubrication supply mechanism (i.e., circulating and channeling) playing an important role in regard to the resultant gear failure mode. In the experimental investigations conducted herein, the focus was on gear sliding wear. The influence of the operating conditions and the grease composition on the lubrication supply mechanism, and thus wear behavior, was investigated using case-carburized, small module gears (m_n = 1 mm). The investigations show that the rotational speed has a significant effect on gear wear behavior. Increasing rotational speed does not necessarily lead to more favorable wear behavior of grease-lubricated gears. Furthermore, the grease composition was shown to affect wear behavior.