改性粉煤灰处理含磷生活污水试验

为了防止水体富营养化和有效处理生活污水,以改性粉煤灰为吸附剂,对含磷生活污水进行吸附脱磷试验,并研究粉煤灰粒径、投加量、pH值、温度、振荡强度以及吸附时间等因素对脱磷效果的影响。结果表明:在粉煤灰粒径为160~200目、投加量为25 g/L、溶液pH值为3.5、水温为50℃的条件下,对磷质量浓度为6.8 mg/L的生活污水,以140 r/min的强度振荡吸附150 min,磷的去除率可高达95.3%,水样中的磷质量浓度降至0.5 mg/L以下。     

污泥碱解发酵液用于生活污水脱氮 除磷的效果研究

为了减轻水体富营养化程度,提高污水的脱氮除磷效果,并解决污泥减量化和资源化问题,本研究将碱预处理的污泥进行厌氧发酵产酸,并将发酵液作为污水脱氮除磷的外加碳源。研究结果表明：投加污泥发酵液后,出水氨氮浓度为0.3~0.5 mg/L,总磷浓度为0.5 mg/L,与未投加污泥发酵液相比分别降低了1.7~2.3 mg/L和3~4 mg/L。     

南水北调滤后水残余铝的影响因素试验研究

为控制残余铝浓度,以南水北调水为原水,研究混凝剂种类及投加量、助凝剂投加比例、pH值调节方式及pH值、沉淀时间等因素对滤后水中残余铝的影响。从除浊效果、UV254去除效果及滤后水残余铝浓度3个方面进行了试验研究,结果表明:混凝剂为聚合氯化铝(PAC)、最佳投加量为25 mg/L、助凝剂为活化硅酸、混凝剂与助凝剂投加比例为5∶1、原水pH值为7.5、沉淀时间为30min时,浊度和UV254均有较好的去除效果,同时可控制残余铝浓度远低于国标规定的浓度限值(0.2 mg/L)。     

铁/铝复合氧化物对氟离子的吸附

水体中氟离子超标严重危害人们的健康,为了寻求廉价、高效的氟离子吸附剂,本文通过共沉淀-焙烧的方法制备了铁铝复合金属氧化物吸附剂,并将之应用于氟离子废水的吸附。探讨了氧化物配比、吸附时间、吸附剂投加量、溶液初始浓度、溶液p H等因素对氟离子吸附效果的影响。结果表明:当铁铝复合氧化物中铁氧化物与铝氧化物摩尔比为1∶2,氟离子溶液初始浓度100 mg/L,固液比为4 g/L,溶液p H为6.0,吸附时间为30 min时,该吸附剂对氟离子的吸附效果最佳,此时氟离子的去除率为92.5%。     

化学污泥基吸附剂在污水处理中的应用研究

利用化学污泥为原材料制备吸附剂;以碘吸附值为评价指标,考察不同活化条件对活化效果的影响。最佳活化条件为污泥以质量比1∶1浸渍于3mol/L的ZnCl2中,在700℃下活化1h。化学污泥基吸附剂对污水的吸附试验结果表明,由于含有大量的铁、铝金属氧化物,化学污泥基吸附剂对UV254与DOC的去除效果与商品活性炭相近;化学污泥基吸附剂在投加量为2.0g/L时对UV254与DOC去除率可分别达到85.8%与59.7%。     

锁磷剂Phoslock除磷试验研究

研究了锁磷剂(Phoslock)吸附除磷的效果及动力学,当原水磷酸盐浓度为1 mg/L时(以P计),处理水中磷酸盐随Phoslock的投加量增加而减少,pH为9～10时除磷效果最佳;动力学试验表明,Phoslock除磷具有持续性和长效性;Phoslock对磷酸盐的吸附可较好拟合Langmuir等温线;解吸附试验表明,磷酸盐的吸附与解吸处于动态平衡,解吸的磷酸盐浓度较低,不会对处理效果造成显著影响。     

基于正交试验的沸石改性去除污水中磷的研究

利用硫酸铝和硫酸镁改性沸石来进行含磷废水的处理,通过正交试验得出最佳的沸石改性条件为:沸石、硫酸铝、硫酸镁=8∶2∶1(质量比),400℃下焙烧4 h,改性后的沸石相对于未改性的沸石对磷的去除效果提高了20%。探讨了改性沸石投加量、吸附时间、pH、初始浓度对除磷率的影响,并对改性沸石进行了正交试验研究,结果表明:改性沸石除磷的最佳条件:吸附时间70 m in、pH为6.5、投加量4 g、初始浓度为1.5 mg/L。     

Fenton氧化法深度处理制革废水生化出水试验研究

采用Fenton氧化法深度处理以制革废水为主的园区生化处理出水,试验表明:影响Fenton氧化的因素从大到小依次为H2O2投加量、Fe2+浓度、pH、反应时间。当进水CODCr平均为116.6mg/L时,在H2O2投加量50mmol/L、Fe2+投加量10mmol/L、pH为3、反应时间60min的最佳条件下,出水CODCr平均为31.7mg/L;在H2O2投加量25mmol/L、Fe2+投加量7.5mmol/L、pH为5、反应时间40min的经济运行条件下,出水CODCr平均为46.6mg/L。经济条件下的运行成本比最佳条件下的运行成本可节约2.3元/m3。     

两级中和沉淀-混凝工艺处理高浓度含氟废水试验研究

高浓度酸性氟磷废水回用处理中,一级处理后的低浓度含氟废水如采用传统活性氧化铝工艺存在操作管理复杂等问题.以某磷肥厂为例,提出了两级中和沉淀-混凝吸附工艺,并通过试验研究了中和沉淀及混凝的药剂投加种类及投加量,同时考察了pH及搅拌速度等因素对除氟的影响.研究结果表明当进水中F-为178～190 mg/L、PO3-4为146～155 mg/L、pH为2～4.2时,一级和二级中和药剂采用CaO,投加量分别为2.5 g/L和1.2 g/L;出水可达到F-≤10 mg/L、P3-4≤0.6mg/L、SS≤70 mg/L,在聚氯化铝投加量为1.5 g/L及pH为7.5的条件下,经进一步混凝吸附后,出水可达到F-≤1 mg/L、P3-4≤0.6 mg/L、SS≤70 mg/L,满足了回用水的要求,并具有抗冲击负荷能力强,处理效果稳定,操作管理简便及运行经济等优点.     

高锰地下水吸附试验研究

采用颗粒活性炭、粉末活性炭和活性炭负载壳聚糖对高锰地下水进行静态吸附试验,利用颗粒活性炭进行动态吸附试验,研究了静态条件吸附剂投加量、pH值、温度对吸附效果的影响,以及动态条件下浓度和流速对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,三种吸附剂吸附效果相差不大,相对而言粉末活性炭效果最好,颗粒活性炭效果与粉末活性炭较接近;静态试验中,当水中Mn2+的浓度为5mg/L时,水温25℃,pH值为6.8～7.0状态下颗粒活性碳的处理效果最好,最佳投加量为0.02g/L,即0.4g(GAC)/mg(Mn2+);动态条件下,锰离子浓度的增加、流速增大都会使初始穿透点提前。     

Dewatered alum sludge: a potential adsorbent for phosphorus removal.

Alum sludge refers to the by-product from the processing of drinking water in water treatment works. In this study, groups of batch experiments were designed to identify the characteristics of dewatered alum sludge for phosphorus adsorption. Air-dried alum sludge (moisture content 10.2%), which was collected from a water treatment works in Dublin, was subjected to artificial P-rich wastewater adsorption tests using KH2PO4 as a model P source. Adsorption behaviours were investigated as a function of amount and particle size of alum sludge, pH of solution and adsorption time. The results have shown that pH plays a major role not only in the adsorption process but also in the adsorption capacity. With regard to adsorption capacity, this study reveals the Langmuir adsorption isotherm being the best fit with experimental data (R2 = 0.98-0.99). The maximum adsorption capacities range from 0.7 to 3.5 mg-P/g when the pH of the synthetic P solution was varied from 9.0 to 4.3, accordingly. The outcome of this study indicated that alum sludge is suitable for use as an adsorbent for removal of phosphate from wastewater.     

锰砂与粉末活性炭对印染废水脱色的研究

利用除铁用锰矿砂(PGM)为处理剂进行罗丹明B与甲基橙模拟废水的静态脱色试验,并与粉末活性炭(PAC)进行对比。结果表明:PAC与染料的作用机理是物理吸附,脱色率受pH影响较小,对甲基橙和罗丹明B分别符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。PGM在酸性条件下对染料的脱色是氧化与吸附的综合作用,较低的pH、较高的投量和恰当的反应时间可提高PGM的脱色效能,pH是影响PGM脱色能力的关键因素,pH=1.2时,符合Langmuir方程。酸性条件下较大的吸附容量和较短的平衡时间使PGM有可能应用于染料废水深度处理。     

颗粒态和溶解态磷浓度计算公式的推导与验证

河流水体中的含磷营养物质与较细颗粒的悬移质泥沙发生吸附作用,将对水质循环过程产生影响。基于拟合磷与泥沙颗粒吸附过程的Langmuir方程和修正Langmuir方程分别推导了计算颗粒态磷(PP)和溶解态磷(DP)的计算公式。并采用香溪河泥沙样品的磷吸附实验数据和野外观测数据验证了推导公式,计算结果与实测值符合良好。研究结果表明:当悬移质泥沙浓度较低时,可采用线性吸附方程近似计算颗粒态和溶解态磷浓度,但当悬移质泥沙浓度较高时,需要采用本研究推导的计算公式,特别是解吸和吸附现象并存时,需要使用基于修正的Langmuir模型推导的计算式。研究成果可用于水质或水生态模型建模。     

甘蔗渣对中性红的吸附性能的实验研究

对甘蔗渣进行了吸附去除印染废水中的中性红模拟实验研究。考察了甘蔗粉用量、pH、吸附时间、中性红初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附效果的影响,探究了其吸附动力学及吸附规律。结果表明,甘蔗粉用量、pH、吸附时间和中性红初始浓度、温度等因素对甘蔗粉吸附水中中性红有显著影响。适宜的吸附条件为:甘蔗粉用量0.6g/100mL,pH6.0～7.0,吸附时间60min,初始浓度100mg/L,温度30℃。在该条件下,中性红的去除率达91%以上。甘蔗粉对中性红的吸附过程可以用Langmuir、Temkin等温吸附方程和二级吸附速率方程进行很好的描述,主要表现为物理吸附。     

Phosphorus removal by adsorbent based on poly-aluminum chloride sludge

Phosphorus adsorption tests were carried out using poly-aluminum chloride sludge (PACS), which was collected from a water treatment plant in Nanjing. The amount of phosphorus adsorbed by PACS increased quickly within the first hour and reached equilibrium after about 48 h. The adsorption behavior of PACS for phosphorus is consistent with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation (R² > 0.99) and parallel first-order kinetic equation (R² > 0.98). With the increase of the PACS concentration, the adsorption capacity of PACS for phosphorus decreased, and the removal rate increased. The results of batch tests showed that the adsorption capacities of PACS for phosphorus ranged from 1.64 to 1.13 mg/g when the pH value varied from 4 to 10. However, the adsorption capacity of PACS was not evidently influenced by temperature. In comparison with the ion exchange resin, the adsorption capacity of PACS was barely inhibited by competitive ions, such as ${\text{SO}}_4^{2-}$, ${\text{NO}}_3^{-}$, and Cl⁻. The PACS surface after adsorption became smooth, and the vibration peaks of Al–O and Al–OH shifted. Both HCl and NaOH have a strong desorption effect on PACS after adsorption saturation, and with higher concentrations of HCl and NaOH, the desorption effect was stronger. Results of column adsorption experiments showed that with lower phosphorus and hydraulic loads, the adsorption column took longer to reach saturation. This indicated that PACS could be used as an efficient material for removal of phosphorus from water. This study provides a new treatment method with PACS.     

Evaluation of copper removal efficiency using water treatment sludge

Large quantities of sludge are produced during water treatment processes. Recently, sludge has been treated as waste and disposed of in landfills,which increases the environmental burdens and the operational cost. Therefore, sludge reuse has become a significant environmental issue. In this study, adsorption of copper ions(Cu~(2+)) onto calcined sludge was investigated under various operational conditions(with varying temperature, Cu~(2+)initial concentration, pH, and sludge dosage). The prepared sludge material was characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), dynamic light scattering(DLS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area. The sorption capacity of sludge was directly proportional to the initial Cu~(2+) concentration and inversely proportional to the sludge dosage. The optimum operational pH and solution temperature were 6.6 and 80℃, respectively. The experimental results followed a Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetics.Thermodynamic parameters such as activation energy, change in free energy, enthalpy, and entropy were calculated. Thermodynamic analyses indicated that the sorption of copper ions onto the calcined sludge was driven by a physical adsorption process. The prepared sludge was proven to be an excellent adsorbent material for the removal of Cu~(2+) from an aqueous solution under optimum conditions.     

煤质活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)的吸附及其影响因素

以煤质活性炭(CAC)为吸附剂,吸附水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)。研究了pH值、温度、吸附时间和活性炭投加量等因素对活性炭去除Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)效果的影响。结果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)最佳吸附的pH值分别为2和5,且pH值对吸附率的影响较大。Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附受温度影响较大,当温度从20℃增加到40℃,吸附率由70%提高到了95%;As(Ⅲ)的吸附随温度的升高先增加后减少,其最佳吸附温度为30℃。Langmuir吸附等温式能够很好地拟合Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)的实验数据,而Pseudo second order模型则较好描述了Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)的吸附动力学。Cr(Ⅵ)和As(Ⅲ)吸附的热力学研究表明,该吸附是一个自发进行的自然吸热过程。     

微生物吸附低温水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)离子研究

利用从活性污泥中分离、纯化、筛选得到的霉菌,进行吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)离子研究。结果表明:在Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)质量浓度分别为300mg/L时,菌种生长良好。吸附水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件:pH值5.0,时间1h,温度10℃。吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,由回归方程得到Cr(Ⅵ)的表观最大吸附量为14mg/g;Cd(Ⅱ)的表观最大吸附量为52mg/g。对菌种吸附低温水体中两种重金属离子时pH值变化影响及其吸附动力学进行了研究。证明该菌可以有效地去除低温水体中Cr(Ⅵ)、Cd(Ⅱ)离子。     

泥龄对反硝化除磷脱氮系统效率的影响分析

反硝化除磷脱氮系统中,生物脱氮与生物除磷是两个相互独立、相互竞争又相互交叉的生理反应过程,存在着硝化菌与聚磷菌的不同泥龄之争。应用数学模式分析了泥龄对氮、磷去除效率的影响,并就反硝化除磷脱氮工艺的单、双级污泥系统的泥龄进行了探讨。推导出以下结论:缩短泥龄可以提高系统的同化除磷能力;长泥龄的生物除磷系统单靠生物作用以期达到完全除磷是几乎不可能的。     

Characteristics of phosphorus adsorption by sediment mineral matrices with different particle sizes

The particle size of sediment is one of the main factors that influence the phosphorus physical adsorption on sediment. In order to eliminate the effect of other components of sediment on the phosphorus physical adsorption the sediment mineral matrices were obtained by removing inorganic matter metal oxides, and organic matter from natural sediments, which were collected from the Nantong reach of the Yangtze River. The results show that an exponential relationship exists between the median particle size (D₅₀) and specific surface area (S_g) of the sediment mineral matrices, and the fine sediment mineral matrix sample has a larger specific surface area and pore volume than the coarse sediment particles. The kinetic equations were used to describe the phosphorus adsorption process of the sediment mineral matrices, including the Elovich equation, quasi-first-order adsorption kinetic equation, and quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic equation. The results show that the quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic equation has the best fitting effect. Using the mass conservation and Langmuir adsorption kinetic equations, a formula was deduced to calculate the equilibrium adsorption capacity of the sediment mineral matrices. The results of this study show that the phosphorus adsorption capacity decreases with the increase of D₅₀, indicating that the specific surface area and pore volume are the main factors in determining the phosphorus adsorption capacity of the sediment mineral matrices. This study will help understand the important role of sediment in the transformation of phosphorus in aquatic environments.