不同参数端壁翼刀控制二次流机理的实验研究

不同周向和轴向位置的压气机叶栅上安装1／2轴向弦长翼刀的叶栅出口流场测量结果表明,两种方案的叶栅总损失随翼刀周向位置变化的总体趋势是翼刀靠近压力面时叶栅总损失降低。翼刀安装在流道前半部的最佳周向位置是距离吸力面60％相对节距处;安装在流道后半部的翼刀最佳周向位置是距离吸力面80％相对节距处。通过对比初步探讨了翼刀减小二次流损失的机理：一方面通过降低流道内端壁附面层内横向压力梯度,减弱低能流体向吸力面／壁角区的堆积;另一方面是通过产生的反向翼刀涡限制马蹄涡的压力面分支发展,从而减小通道涡的尺寸和强度。     

某轴流式压气机气动不稳定的相关积分分析

研究了某轴流式压气机节流试验中的气动不稳定问题。运用非线性的相关积分方法对压气机机匣壁面沿程静压信号进行了分析。结果表明,压气机静叶通道机匣壁面给定点静压信号的相关积分值随着发动机工作状态的不同有规律的发生变化,反映了对应位置的流动分离状况;压气机沿程各级静叶通道机匣壁面静压的相关积分值可以反映不同工况时压气机各级叶尖的流动匹配情况;压气机第一级静子机匣壁面静压信号的相关积分值可以反映中低转速工况下放气带开关状态对转子端壁流态的影响。研究还表明,压气机静子机匣壁面沿程静压信号的相关积分分析是进行压气机气动稳定性监控诊断的一种有效手段。     

零间隙压气机失稳机理的全通道数值模拟研究

为了探究零间隙压气机流动失稳机理,采用全通道非定常数值模拟方法研究了一台零间隙斜流压气 机转子的失稳机理,数值模拟过程中在转子出口施加了随时间动态变化的背压模拟压气机转子节流,非定常 数值计算结果表明零间隙斜流压气机转子仍然表现为典型突尖流动失稳特征。通过详细地分析斜流压气机 转子节流过程中不同阀系数对应的压气机内部流场结构,结果表明:尽管零间隙斜流压气机无叶顶泄漏特 征,但随着对压气机节流,转子叶片尾缘率先出现流动分离,进一步节流,尾缘流动分离表现为一方面在周向 范围加剧,另一方面分离点逐渐向上游移动,造成通道严重堵塞,最终引发相邻叶片通道尾缘回流和叶片前 缘流动溢出进而诱发叶片通道内部出现径向涡结构,从而形成压气机突尖失速先兆。     

基于二次流控制的叶栅前缘端壁造型

基于Langston叶型的数值模拟结果,分析了叶栅前缘端区的流动特征,建立并优化了一种新型端壁造型。对比评估了新模型与原始模型的流动现象并对两者的流动机理进行分析。结果表明:新型端壁造型能够疏导前缘位置的低能流体并消除鞍点与分离线的产生;新型端壁造型能够减小马蹄涡及下游的通道涡强度,并使得叶栅出口总压损失系数下降6.831%。     

非轴对称端壁抑制叶栅二次流分离的实验研究

应用热线测量和颗粒图像测速(PIV)技术,测量平端壁叶栅(FEW)和非轴对称端壁叶栅(CEW)的二次流动。基于叶栅内的涡结构和剪切应力,分析非轴对称端壁降低二次流损失的流动机理。实验结果表明:二次流在叶片吸力面的边界层分离导致壁面涡与主流流体的剪切掺混,这是叶栅二次流损失的主要来源;非轴对称端壁通过降低端壁横向压力梯度推迟二次流分离的发生,使壁面涡与主流区产生剪切掺混的范围缩小,并使端壁二次流的流向速度提高、壁面涡的强度降低,在上述两方面作用下叶栅内的剪切应力减小,叶栅二次流损失降低。     

基于LES的压气机叶栅通道非定常流动结构研究

为了进一步理解压气机叶栅通道内的非定常流动结构,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法研究了来流附面层厚度和稠度变化对叶栅通道内涡系结构及总压损失系数的影响。研究表明：来流附面层增厚将导致端壁处流体的轴向动能降低,使得马蹄涡压力面分支更早地流向相邻叶片吸力面;来流附面层越厚,通道涡在叶栅尾缘沿展向抬升的高度越高,角区分离的范围也越大;叶栅的总压损失随附面层增厚而增加,附面层损失增加显著,二次流损失有所增大;稠度较低时叶栅吸力面表面存在分离,会对通道涡及角区分离产生影响;稠度增大,横向压力梯度减小,叶栅流道的速度分布更均匀,通道涡的强度和尺度减小,角区分离的范围减小;稠度增大使叶表不再分离时,总压损失显著降低,但稠度继续增大会使气流与叶片表面的摩擦损失增加。     

Effect of winglet geometry arrangement and incidence on tip clearance control in a compressor cascade

An experimental study is conducted to investigate the influences of blade tip winglet on the flow field of a compressor cascade. The tests are performed in a low speed linear cascade with stationary endwall, with three blade tip configurations, including the baseline tip, the suction-side winglet tip and the pressure-side winglet tip. The flowfield downstream of the cascade is measured using five-hole probe, from which the three-dimensional velocity field, vorticity field and pressure field are obtained. Static pressure measurements are made on the endwall above the blade row using pressure taps embedded in the plywood endwall. All measurements are made at both design and off-design conditions for tip clearance level of about 2 percent of the blade chord. The results revealed the incidence variation significantly affects the secondary flow and the associated loss field downstream of the cascade, where the tip leakage vortex and passage vortex exist as the major contributors on the field. The winglet geometry arrangements can change the trajectory of the tip leakage vortex. The suction-side winglet tip blade provides a lower overall total pressure loss coefficient when compared to the baseline tip blade and pressure-side winglet tip blade at all incidence angles.     

进口畸变下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响

为研究进口总压畸变条件下涡流发生器对压气机流场的影响,建立单级轴流压气机模型,计算和分析了不同工况下的压气机内部流场.计算结果显示:在进口畸变条件下,压气机流场恶化,性能降低;使用涡流发生器后,可以有效改善静叶叶根附近的流场,控制叶片尾缘分离,降低沿叶高方向的压力波动,从而削弱进口畸变对效率的负面影响,改善出口压力场,...     

端壁相对运动对压气机叶栅间隙流场影响的数值模拟

压气机端壁与叶片间的相对运动是影响叶顶间隙气流流动的重要因素.采用数值模拟的方法考察了端壁运动对不同叶顶间隙压气机叶栅内三维流场的影响.结果表明:端壁相对运动改变了叶栅间隙流场结构,叶栅通道内出现向相邻叶片压力面运动的刮削泄漏涡,上通道涡及叶顶分离涡受到抑制,叶尖负荷增大,间隙泄漏流量增加,叶栅总损失由于叶顶区掺混损失减少而减少.     

Investigation of endwall flow behavior with plasma flow control on a highly loaded compressor cascade

To discover the flow behavior in the endwall region and mechanism of plasma flow control on a highly loaded compressor cascade, distributions of static pressure coefficient, total pressure loss coefficient and streamline pattern were investigated. Results show that cross flow from the pressure surface to neighboring suction surface exists under pitch-wise pressure gradient. The deflected endwall boundary layer flow interacts with the incoming flow, and then both of them leave off the endwall in the form of a span-wise vortex. Effect of angle of attack on static pressure is greater than that of free stream velocity. The distinct variations of total pressure loss with endwall actuations are mainly located within the outer verge of a triangular area with high total pressure loss. Effect of pitch-wise actuation on separated flows is much better than that of stream-wise actuation, and both enhance with the increase of angle of attack and actuation strength. An efficient method for plasma flow control in the endwall region is the increase of actuation strength, such as adjusting discharge voltage or changing plasma power supply.     

Stall Behaviour in a Mixed-flow Compressor with Axial Slot Casing Treatment

Casing treatment is an effective technique in extending stall margin of axial and centrifugal compressor.However,its impacts on the stall behaviour of mixed-flow compressor are still not completely understood until now.To conquer this issue,unsteady full-annulus simulations were conducted to investigate the stall mechanism of a mixed-flow compressor with and without axial slot casing treatment(ASCT).The circumferential propagating speed of spike inception resolved by the numerical approach is 87.1%of the shaft speed,which is identical to the test data.The numerical results confirmed that the mixed-flow compressor fell into rotating stall via spike-type with and without ASCT.The flow structure of the spike inception was investigated at 50%design rotational speed.Instantaneous static pressure traces extracted upstream of the leading edge had shown a classic spiky wave.Furthermore,it was found that with and without ASCT,the mixed-flow compressor stalled through spike with the characteristic of tip leakage spillage at leading edge and tip leakage backflow from trailing edge,which is different from a fraction of the centrifugal compressor.The resultant phenomenon provides conoborating evidence for that unlike in axial-flow compressor,the addition of ASCT does not change the stall characteristics of the mixed-flow compressor.The flow structure that induced spike inception with ASCT is similar to the case with smooth casing.In the throttling process,tip leakage flow vortex had been involved in the formation of tornado vortices,with one end at the suction side,and the other end at the casing-side.The low-pressure region relevant to the downward spike is caused by leading-edge separation vortex or tornado vortex.The high-pressure region relevant to the upward spike is induced by blockage from the passage vortex.These results not only can provide guidance for the design of casing treatment in mixed-flow compressor,but also can pave the way for the stall waring in the highly-loaded compressors of next-generation aeroengines.     

中等折转角涡轮直叶栅端壁流场结构和涡系效应的分析

应用商用软件Fine/Turbo对一中等折转角涡轮直叶栅的流场进行了数值模拟,清晰地捕捉到了叶栅端壁处叶片前缘的马蹄涡及其吸、压力面分支,对马蹄涡的吸、压力面分支的相互作用过程和通道涡的发生发展过程给出了较为清晰的描述,获得了较为详细的叶栅端壁处二次流流动结构。通过对叶栅流道中各个近似垂直于流动方向的截面上的总压分布图的分析,揭示了在上述各个截面上端壁区域流动损失产生的机理。     

Entropy Generation Analysis in a Mixed-Flow Compressor with Casing Treatment

Casing treatments(CT) can effectively extend compressors flow ranges with the expense of efficiency penalty. Compressor efficiency is closely linked to loss. Only revealing the mechanisms of loss generation can design a CT with high aerodynamic performance. In the paper, a highly-loaded mixed-flow compressor with tip clearance of 0.4 mm was numerically studied at a rotational speed of 30,000 r/min to reveal the effects of axial slot casing treatment(ASCT) on the loss mechanisms in the compressor. The results showed that both isentropic efficiency and stall margin were improved significantly by the ASCT. The local entropy generation method was used to analyze the loss mechanisms and to quantify the loss distributions in the blade passage. Based on the axial distributions of entropy generation rate, for both the cases with and without ASCT, the peak entropy generation rate increased in the rotor domain and decreased in the stator domain during throttling the compressor. The peak entropy generation in rotor was mainly caused by the tip leakage flow and flow separations near the rotor leading edge for the mixed-flow compressor no matter which casing was applied. The radial distributions of entropy generation rate showed that the reduction of loss in the rotor domain from 0.4 span to the rotor casing was the major reason for the efficiency improved by ASCT. The addition of ASCT exerted two opposite effects on the losses generated in the compressor. On the one hand, the intensity of tip leakage flow was weakened by the suction effect of slots, which alleviated the mixing effect between the tip leakage flow and main flow, and thus reduced the flow losses; On the other hand, the extra losses upstream the rotor leading edge were produced due to the shear effect and to the heat transfer. The aforementioned shear effect was caused by the different velocity magnitudes and directions, and the heat transfer was caused by temperature gradient between the injected flow and the incoming flow. For case with smooth casing(SC), 61.61% of the overall loss arose from tip leakage flow and casing boundary layer. When the ASCT was applied, that decreased to 55.34%. The loss generated by tip leakage flow and casing boundary layer decreased 20.54% relatively by ASCT.     

Numerical investigation of a high-subsonic axial-flow compressor rotor with non-axisymmetric hub endwall

The major source of loss in modem compressors is the secondary loss. Non-axisymmetric endwall profile contouring is now a well established design methodology in axial flow turbines. However, flow development in axial compressors is differ from turbines, the effects of non-axisymmetric endwall to axial compressors requires flow analysis in detail. This paper presents both experimental and numerical data to deal with the application of a non-axisymmetric hub endwall in a high-subsonic axial-flow compressor. The aims of the experiment here were to make sure the numerically obtained flow fields is the physical mechanism responsible for the improvement in efficiency, due to the non-axisymmetric hub endwall. The computational results were first compared with avail- able measured data of axisymmetric hub endwall. The results agreed well with the experimental data for estima- tion of the global performance. The coupled flow of the compressor rotor with non-axisymmetric hub endwall was simulated by a state-of-the-art multi-block flow solver. The non-axisymmetric hub endwall was designed for a subsonic compressor rotor with the help of sine and cosine functions. This type of non-axisymmetric hub end- wall was found to have a significant improvement in efficiency of 0.45% approximately and a slightly increase for the total pressure ratio. The fundamental mechanisms of non-axisymmetric hub endwall and their effects on the subsonic axial-flow compressor endwall flow field were analyzed in detail. It is concluded that the non-axisymmetric endwall profiling, though not optimum, can mitigate the secondary flow in the vicinity of the hub endwall, resulting in the improvement of aerodynamic performance of the compressor rotor.     

间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况叶顶流场的影响研究

为研究间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况下叶顶流场结构的影响,以轴流压气机转子Rotor37为研究对象,对其叶顶流场进行定常和非定常的数值模拟。计算结果表明：随着叶顶间隙的减小,压气机的总压比和等熵效率均有所提高,稳定运行范围扩大;2倍设计间隙下,叶尖泄漏涡经激波作用后发生膨胀破碎,堵塞来流通道,诱发压气机堵塞失速;0.5倍设计间隙下,吸力面流动分离加剧,发生回流,部分回流与来流在压力面前缘上游发生干涉,进口堵塞加剧,致使部分来流从前缘溢出,导致压气机叶尖失速;不同间隙下压气机失速过程的主导因素不同,大间隙下失速由叶尖泄漏涡破碎的非定常波动引起,小间隙下失速主要由流动分离引发的周期性前缘溢流所主导。     

Experimental Investigations of the Three—Dimensional Flow in a Large Deflection Turbine Cascade with Tip Clearance

INTRoDUCTI0NThetipleakaeflowisnowrecognizedasanimpor-tantsourceoflossesinbothcompressorsandturbines,asasourceofcoolingprobleminturbinesandasourceofinstabilityincomPressorsandfans.Manyturbo-maChinimPellersarenotshroudedandtheleakaeflowthroughthetipgaPofthebladeisanunavoidablefaCtorwhichdeterioratestheperformance.Den-tonandCumpsty[1]melltionedabouttwodistinctandequallyimportantaspects.tothetipclearanceflows.First,thereisareducti0ninthebladeforce,there-fore,theworkdone.Thisoccursbecausethe…     

基于大涡模拟及实验的压气机叶栅角区分离研究

为了研究叶栅内部的流动特性,以及不同攻角下的角区分离模式,对压气机叶栅流场进行了分析。针对两种攻角条件下的平面叶栅模型,采用瞬态雷诺时均(URANS)以及大涡模拟(LES)湍流模型进行了数值模拟研究,并结合叶栅风洞实验验证了数值模拟结果的准确度。对比研究了零攻角以及10°攻角下的叶栅出口流场,叶栅、端壁表面极限流线,以及角区分离结构。研究结果表明:LES能够较好地对角区、尾迹损失进行预测,但URANS在大攻角下的模拟则与实验偏差较大;零攻角下吸力面出现层流分离泡、转捩以及再附现象,而大攻角下吸力面前缘未出现层流分离,而是直接发生转捩以及再附现象;与零攻角相比,10°攻角下的角区分离在展向范围未发生明显变化,在横向范围有小幅度增加,但吸力面附面层分离导致尾迹范围扩大了接近130%,同时总压损失系数提高了接近135%,即大攻角下的主要损失是由吸力面附面层分离以及尾迹损失带来的,而非角区分离。     

附面层抽吸对大折转角矩形叶栅流场结构的影响

本文采用数值方法研究了低速条件下附面层抽吸对大折转角矩形叶栅流场的影响.计算结果表明,通过选用合理的抽吸位置及抽吸方式的组合,附面层抽吸能较好地控制叶栅内的大尺度的叶片表面分离流动,但对二次流损失的改善效果并不明显.     

透平叶栅非轴对称端壁优化目标比较

基于双控制曲线和改进的Kriging代理模型建立了非轴对称端壁优化设计系统.以Durham叶栅的端壁优化为例,研究不同优化目标对优化结果的影响.研究表明:在通道涡形成段减小横向压力梯度可以有效抑制通道涡强度,进而减小流动损失;在通道涡发展段减小横向压力梯度有助于降低主流区二次流损失,但端区损失明显增大;增加横向压力梯度...     

高压涡轮采用非轴对称端壁的研究

以某型高压涡轮第二级静叶为研究对象,对四种非轴对称端壁造型状况下涡轮叶栅的流动状况进行数值模拟,研究非轴对称端壁造型技术在高压涡轮中对流动产生的影响。将非轴对称端壁与轴对称端壁的计算结果对比分析,结果表明：在该型涡轮设计工况下,非轴对称端壁的应用可以明显减弱端壁处的横向压力梯度,降低出口截面处的绝对螺旋度,减少主流与二次流之间的掺混,同时使得出口气流角沿叶高分布更加均匀,改善下游动叶入口的气动条件。