可调谐太赫兹超材料吸波器研究进展

太赫兹超材料吸波器具有吸收强、厚度薄、质量轻等优点,已被广泛应用于隐身材料、频率选择表面、太赫兹成像、通信传感等方面。但是,基于金属结构的传统太赫兹超材料吸波器一旦完成加工后,它的吸收性能是固定不变的。为解决这一问题,研究人员通过引入活性超材料设计了可调谐太赫兹超材料吸波器。结合可调谐太赫兹超材料吸波器的国内外研究现状,分类阐述了几类典型的可调谐太赫兹超材料吸波器,重点对单频带、多频带、宽频带以及可切换双功能太赫兹超材料吸波器的相关研究工作进行了梳理与总结,并对其未来发展趋势进行了分析。     

太赫兹波的层析成像

太赫兹波由于其独特的性质例如瞬态性、宽带性与相干性等,而具有非常重要的学术价值和应用前景。太赫兹成像技术是太赫兹波研究中的基础和一个重要方面,可广泛应用于无损检测、安全检查、光谱分析与生命科学等领域。本文讨论了基于太赫兹波的层析成像的过程与步骤、层析成像的方式以及相关的图像数据处理方法。     

基于超光栅的3D打印全介质太赫兹超透镜

超透镜是基于超表面和超光栅的器件,可实现对入射光振幅、相位、偏振等的灵活调控,具有轻薄、易集成的特点。但超透镜的制作周期时间长、成本高,寻找一种易加工、低成本、高效的方法制造超透镜是非常有必要的。本文设计了一种高效波前控制电磁波的太赫兹(Terahertz, THz)全介质超光栅,当电磁波垂直入射时,超光栅将电磁波束弯曲至T_-1衍射级。通过仿真模拟可知,当P偏振光入射时,可将83.44%的透射能量集中在T_-1衍射级,S偏振光入射时可达到82.73%。基于设计的超光栅,当0.14 THz电磁波入射时,设计了数值孔径为0.39的超透镜,利用3D打印技术加工工艺制备,并搭建扫描测量系统验证该设计。测量结果表明,超透镜焦距为114.5 mm,与仿真设计相一致,同时测得了光斑的大小,最后搭建的THz透射成像系统表征了超透镜的成像能力。这项工作在光学传感、通信和超分辨率成像中具有潜在的应用价值。     

基于超材料的太赫兹1/4波片设计及特性分析

提出了一种基于超材料的透射式太赫兹1/4波片,将传统的开环谐振型结构改进为“叉指”型结构,实现了线极化波向圆极化波的有效转换。测试表明,在0.818~0.973THz内,透射波的轴比小于3dB,椭圆度χ＞0.81,器件将线极化波转换为圆极化波的效率为50%~75%。与现有的太赫兹1/4波片相比,该器件极化转换效率高、结构简单,仅由一层介质层和两层金属层组成。所提出的太赫兹1/4波片在太赫兹无线通信、太赫兹成像等领域具有重要的应用前景。     

基于超构表面的太赫兹广角反射器

随着太赫兹技术的发展以及全球对6G通信的研究和期望，太赫兹通信技术获得了广泛的关注。但是太赫兹波具有很强的方向性，常常进行端对端的传播，且传播过程中容易被障碍物阻挡，太赫兹通信中的广角和定向传播成为技术难点。设计一种新的广角反射超构表面，其可将入射角为5°～45°的太赫兹波反射聚焦在同一位置，该位置距离样品600 mm，方向为13°。采用共振相位调制原理设计单元结构，利用透镜聚焦原理和相位补偿原理对单元结构进行排布并进行加工。在220 GHz工作频率下进行实验验证，实验结果证实了该器件的功能。所提方案为解决太赫兹6G通信难题提供了一个有效途径，具有一定的应用前景。     

基于太赫兹技术的熔融沉积3D打印误差分析

熔融沉积(FDM)技术是目前市售3D打印机应用最广泛的材料成型技术,基于这一技术的3D打印机精确度评价与打印试件的误差分析还没有十分完善的标准化方法。FDM 3D打印常用的聚合物材料在太赫兹波段存在明显吸收。基于太赫兹时域光谱(THz-TDS),通过缝隙注水的方式放大试件非实体部分的太赫兹响应,使得太赫兹技术可同时监测3D打印试件实体部分与非实体部分的打印精确度。通过分析试件的太赫兹光谱,能够分辨与原始设计相差0.96%的微米级误差,补充了3D打印误差的分析方法。     

飞秒激光的等离子体吸收太赫兹特性研究

在利用飞秒激光器产生太赫兹波的过程中,等离子体本身会对太赫兹波能量进行吸收,其吸收特性在太赫兹波雷达探测、等离子体隐身、电磁干扰研究等方面有着广泛的应用前景。结合理论分析设计了一种等离子体吸收太赫兹波的测量系统,提出等离子体粒子间相互碰撞吸收是导致等离子体吸收太赫兹波的主要原因,并在实验测量研究中发现等离子体密度大小、光学透镜焦距长短以及入射飞秒激光与倍频晶体晶轴角度是影响吸收程度的主要因素,这些研究为等离子体吸收应用提供了更加全面的理论支撑,有助于推动太赫兹波技术在军事及民用领域的快速发展。     

双频太赫兹圆极化吸波与异常反射手性超表面

本文提出了一种工作在太赫兹频段的双频圆极化手性吸波和异常反射手性超表面，通过合理组合两种手性结构，实现在两个频段相互独立的圆极化手性吸收和异常角度的圆极化转换功能.该双频太赫兹手性超表面在2.53 THz处对左旋圆极化波的吸收率为96.3%，对右旋圆极化波实现同极化的反射；在3.43 THz处对右旋圆极化波的吸收率为90.9%，而对左旋圆极化波表现为同极化反射功能.本文进一步通过连续旋转单元图案引入几何相位，实现了2π反射相位全覆盖.组阵后的手性超表面在两个工作频点各自吸收特定旋向的圆极化波，而对正交极化的圆极化波分别发生约±20°的保手性异常反射.这种基于手性超表面的双频太赫兹多功能器件有望应用于电磁能量收集、极化转换器、手性传感等领域.     

低损耗太赫兹波导及其成像应用

高性能的太赫兹功能器件在太赫兹波的产生、传输及探测上都有着重要意义.报道了一种Kagome型低损耗太赫兹波导及其成像应用.首先根据反谐振波导理论设计了0. 1 THz处低损耗的太赫兹波导,其理论损耗低至0. 012 cm~(-1).然后使用3D打印技术制备波导实物,实验测得其损耗为0. 015 3 cm-1,波导末端光束发散角为6±0. 5°.最后基于该波导搭建了可重构太赫兹成像装置,分别实现了对隐藏刀片、矿石的反射和透射成像,在地下远距离勘探领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

一种圆极化透镜天线

提出了一款宽频带高增益的圆极化毫米波天线.该天线由一个半球形的介质透镜圆顶以及一个圆柱形极化器结合而成,将传统的扩展半球介质透镜与介质极化器融合在一起,既能将线极化波转化成圆极化波（反之亦然）,又能有效提高天线的增益.该设计与传统的级联结构（透镜级联极化器）不同,它能够用一个器件同时实现两个器件的功能,并且能大大减小系统的体积,降低插入损耗,减少生产成本.此外,该天线采用3D打印技术来实现,加工精度高并且容易生产,适合于毫米波天线的应用.经过验证,该天线的阻抗带宽能达到38%,轴比带宽为36%,圆极化增益达到22 dBic.     

光子晶体THz器件的研究进展

近年来,随着国际上掀起的太赫兹(Terahertz,THz)研究热,太赫兹科学技术的发展更为迅速.但是,对于THz的各种功能器件,利用基于经典电磁理论的微波技术手段或者利用基于量子理论方法的光学技术手段都遇到了很大的困难.90年代末,随着频率禁带处在THz波段的光子晶体(Photonic crystal,PC)制作方法和技术的提高,基于光子晶体的THz器件应运而生.为此,就国际上在光子晶体THz滤波器,光子晶体THz波导,光子晶体THz光纤和光子晶体THz谐振腔方面所做的主要工作和研究成果进行了较详细的论述分析及归纳总结,并对光子晶体THz器件未来的发展提出了几点看法.     

3D Printing of Multifunctional Hydrogels

3D printing technology has been widely explored for the rapid design and fabrication of hydrogels, as required by complicated soft structures and devices. Here, a new 3D printing method is presented based on the rheology modifier of Carbomer for direct ink writing of various functional hydrogels. Carbomer is shown to be highly efficient in providing ideal rheological behaviors for multifunctional hydrogel inks, including double network hydrogels, magnetic hydrogels, temperature‐sensitive hydrogels, and biogels, with a low dosage (at least 0.5% w/v) recorded. Besides the excellent printing performance, mechanical behaviors, and biocompatibility, the 3D printed multifunctional hydrogels enable various soft devices, including loadable webs, soft robots, 4D printed leaves, and hydrogel Petri dishes. Moreover, with its unprecedented capability, the Carbomer‐based 3D printing method opens new avenues for bioprinting manufacturing and integrated hydrogel devices.     

3D Printing of a Thermo‐ and Solvatochromic Composite Material Based on a Cu(II)–Thymine Coordination Polymer with Moisture Sensing Capabilities

This work presents the fabrication of 3D‐printed composite objects based on copper(II) 1D coordination polymer ( CP1 ) decorated with thymine along its chains with potential utility as an environmental humidity sensor and as a water sensor in organic solvents. This new composite object has a remarkable sensitivity, ranging from 0.3% to 4% of water in organic solvents. The sensing capacity is related to the structural transformation due to the loss of water molecules that CP1 undergoes with temperature or by solvent molecules' competition, which induces significant change in color simultaneously. The CP1 and 3D printed materials are stable in air over 1 year and also at biological pHs (5–7), therefore suggesting potential applications as robust colorimetric sensors. These results open the door to generate a family of new 3D printed materials based on the integration of multifunctional coordination polymers with organic polymers.     

太赫兹近场成像技术及进展

太赫兹(THz)波具有能量低、穿透性强、频带宽等特点,因而太赫兹成像技术在无损检测、生物医药、安全检测等众多领域得到了广泛应用,在实际应用中如何提高太赫兹成像的分辨力变得越来越重要。由于太赫兹近场成像技术可突破衍射极限,获得分辨力为亚微米甚至是纳米量级的高质量图像,基于近场技术的高分辨THz成像技术相继被提出,并得到了进一步的应用。本文首先阐述了太赫兹近场成像的基本原理;其次总结了近场成像进展及增强方法;最后对太赫兹近场成像的未来进行了展望。     

Novel components for tunable micro-optics

We will present some technologies and devices employed for the fabrication of tunable micro-optics. Tunable liquid lenses and lens arrays as well as polymer membrane-based microlenses and scanning mirrors are of both academic and industrial interest in this area.     

Feasibility and Characterization of Common and Exotic Filaments for Use in 3D Printed Terahertz Devices

Recent years have seen an influx of applications utilizing 3D printed devices in the terahertz regime. The simplest, and perhaps most versatile, modality allowing this is Fused Deposition Modelling. In this work, a holistic analysis of the terahertz optical, mechanical and printing properties of 17 common and exotic 3D printer filaments used in Fused Deposition Modelling is performed. High impact polystyrene is found to be the best filament, with a useable frequency range of 0.1–1.3 THz, while remaining easily printed. Nylon, polylactic acid and polyvinyl alcohol give the least desirable terahertz response, satisfactory only below 0.5 THz. Interestingly, most modified filaments aimed at increasing mechanical properties and ease of printing do so without compromising the useable terahertz optical window.     

At the Dawn of a New Era in Terahertz Technology

The National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT, Japan) started the Terahertz Project in April 2006. Its fundamental purpose in the next five years is to enable a nationwide technical infrastructure to be created for diverse applications of terahertz technology. The technical infrastructure includes the development of semiconductor devices such as terahertz quantum cascade lasers, terahertz-range quantum well photodetectors, and high-precision tunable continuous wave sources. It also includes pulsed terahertz measurement systems, modeling and measurement of atmospheric propagation, and the establishment of a framework to construct a materials database in the terahertz range including standardization of the measurement protocol. These are common technical infrastructure even in any terahertz systems. In this article, we report the current status of developments in these fields such as terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz-QCLs) (with peak power of 30 mW, 3.1 THz), terahertz-range quantum well photodetectors (THz-QWPs) (tuned at 3 THz) an ultrawideband terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system (with measurement range of from 0.1 to 15 THz), an example of a database for materials of fine art, and results obtained from measuring atmospheric propagation.     

太赫兹高分辨率雷达杂波测量与分析

太赫兹高分辨率雷达杂波特性是太赫兹雷达检测技术的基础,该文分析了传统杂波概率统计模型及其相应的参数估计方法,在此基础上,利用研制的太赫兹高分辨率雷达进行了杂波测量实验,并对实测数据进行了分析与检验。实验结果表明,G0 分布模型对太赫兹频段杂波的统计特性拟合度最优。