A 320 MHz CMOS triple 8 bit DAC with on-chip PLL and hardwarecursor

A 320 MHz triple 8 bit DAC with on-chip phase-locked loop (PLL), hardware cursor function, and an architecture that relies on time-interleaved logic blocks is presented. Overall device performance is optimized by operating different portions of the circuit at different frequencies and combining parallelism with time-interleaving to minimize the hardware cost. Clock multiplication by the on-chip PLL improved the maximum frequency of operation of the prototype circuits by 20 percent. The PLL operates from 20-500 MHz and has a peak-to-peak jitter of 60 ps at an operating frequency of 432 MHz. The 10 mm×10 mm chip was fabricated in a 0.8 μm CMOS process and dissipates 1.54 W from a single 5 V supply     

A low jitter 0.3-165 MHz CMOS PLL frequency synthesizer for 3 V/5 Voperation

This paper describes a phase-locked loop (PLL) based frequency synthesizer. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) utilizing a ring of single-ended current-steering amplifiers (CSA) provides low noise, wide operating frequencies, and operation over a wide range of power supply voltage. A programmable charge pump circuit automatically configures the loop gain and optimizes it over the whole frequency range. The measured PLL frequency ranges are 0.3-165 MHz and 0.3-100 MHz at 5 V and 3 V supplies, respectively (the VCO frequency is twice PLL output). The peak-to-peak jitter is 81 ps (13 ps rms) at 100 MHz. The chip is fabricated with a standard 0.8-μm n-well CMOS process     

5Gb/s 0.25μm CMOS限幅放大器

给出了一个90 0 MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器的设计,设计中采用了电流可变电荷泵及具有初始化电路的环路滤波器.电荷泵电流对温度与电源电压变化的影响不敏感,同时电流的大小可通过外部控制信号进行切换控制而改变.因此,锁相环的特性,诸如环路带宽等,也可通过电流的改变而改变.采用具有初始化电路的环路滤波器可提高锁相环的启动速度.另外采用了多模频率除法器以实现频率合成的功能.该电路采用0 .18μm、1.8V、1P6 M标准数字CMOS工艺实现.     

900MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器

给出了一个900MHz CMOS锁相环/频率综合器的设计,设计中采用了电流可变电荷泵及具有初始化电路的环路滤波器.电荷泵电流对温度与电源电压变化的影响不敏感,同时电流的大小可通过外部控制信号进行切换控制而改变.因此,锁相环的特性,诸如环路带宽等,也可通过电流的改变而改变.采用具有初始化电路的环路滤波器可提高锁相环的启动速度.另外采用了多模频率除法器以实现频率合成的功能.该电路采用0.18μm、1.8V、1P6M标准数字CMOS工艺实现.     

A 1.5 V Current-Mode CMOS RMS-to-DC Converter

A very low voltage, current-mode CMOS RMS-to-DC converter is presented. It is fully designed using MOS Translinear techniques. More specifically, its main building blocks are a squarer/divider and a geometric-mean cell which are obtained by using simple second-order MOS Translinear loops in a folded configuration, leading to a very regular and compact implementation. A novel biasing technique is employed for such loops, allowing them to operate at supply voltages as low as 1.5 V. Experimental results for a prototype IC demonstrating the correct operation of the circuit are included.     

A 1.5 V single-supply one-transistor CMOS EEPROM

Describes a 1.5 V single-supply one-transistor p-channel CMOS EEPROM array which is fabricated with a double polysilicon gate 7-mask CMOS technology. Avalanche injection and Fowler-Nordheim emission are used as very low power programming mechanisms. A thin oxide of 28 nm allows write and erase voltages below -30 V. They are generated on-chip by voltage multipliers and fed by 1.5 V logic circuitry to the matrix array. Results measured on a 16/spl times/4 bit word-erasable test array are presented.     

基于CMOS工艺的622 MHz电荷泵锁相环设计

设计了由饱和区MOS电容调谐的环形压控振荡器(RVCO),并将其用于电荷泵锁相环(CPPLL)电路,其中电荷泵部分采用了能消除过冲注入电流的新型电荷泵电路,并采用SmartSpice软件和0.6μm混合信号的CMOS工艺参数进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,此锁相环的锁定时间为5.2μs,锁定范围约为100 MHz,输出中心频率622 MHz的最大周对周抖动为71ps,功耗为198 mW。此电荷泵锁相环电路可以应用于STM 1和STM 4两个速率级别的同步数字体系(SDH)系统。     

一种用于FPGA的270MHz到1.5GHz可重构多功能锁相环时钟发生器

本文设计实现了一种用于FPGA芯片的可重构多功能的锁相环时钟发生器。该时钟发生器具有可配置的时钟发生和延时补偿两种模式,分别实现时钟倍频和相位对准的功能。输出时钟信号还具有可编程的相移和占空比调节等高级时钟变化功能。为了提高相位对准和相移的精度,本文设计了一种具有新的快速起振技术的压控振荡器。本文还提出了一种延时分割方法以提高用于实现相移和占空比调节功能的后端分频器的速度。整个时钟发生器使用0.13μm标准CMOS工艺设计制作。测试结果表明,能够实现270MHz到1.5GHz的宽调节范围,当锁定在1GHz时,整个电路功耗为18mW,rms抖动小于9ps,锁定时间为2μs左右。     

用于434/868MHz FSK/OOK CMOS发射机的锁相环设计

一种可输出434/868MHz信号的Σ-Δ分数分频锁相环在0.35μmCMOS工艺中集成。该发射机系统采用直接调制锁相环分频比的方式实现FSK调制,OOK的调制则通过功率预放大器的开-关实现。为了降低芯片的成本和功耗,发射机采用了电流数字可控的压控振荡器(VCO),以及片上双端-单端转换电路,并对分频器的功耗设计进行研究。经测试表明,锁相环在868MHz载波频偏为10kHz、100kHz和3MHz处的相位噪声分别为-75dBc/Hz、-104dBc/Hz和-131dBc/Hz,其中的VCO在100kHz频偏处的相位噪声为-108dBc/Hz。在发送模式时,100kHz相邻信道上的功率与载波功率之比小于-50dB。在直流电压2.5V的工作条件下,锁相环的电流为12.5mA,包括功率预放大器和锁相环在内的发送机总面积为2mm2。     

A 270-MHz to 1.5-GHz CMOS PLL clock generator with reconfigurable multi-functions for FPGA

A PLL clock generator with reconfigurable multi-functions for FPGA design applications is presented. This clock generator has two configurable operation modes to achieve clock multiplication and phase alignment functions,respectively.The output clock signal has advanced clock shift ability such that the phase shift and duty cycle are programmable.In order to further improve the accuracy of phase alignment and phase shift,a VCO design based on a novel quick start-up technique is proposed.A new delay partition method is also adopted to improve the speed of the post-scale counter,which is used to realize the programmable phase shift and duty cycle.A prototype chip implemented in a 0.13-μm CMOS process achieves a wide tuning range from 270 MHz to 1.5 GHz.The power consumption and the measured RMS jitter at 1 GHz are less than 18 mW and 9 ps,respectively.The settling time is approximately 2μs.     

一种新颖的1.5 V CMOS 4FSK解调电路

为了减小 4进制频移键控信号 ( 4FSK )解调电路的复杂性 ,提高解调输出的准确性 ,文中提出了一种可以在 1.5V下工作 ,标准 CMOS工艺实现的 4 FSK解调电路。该解调电路采用一个基准电压 ,利用绝对值比较的特性解调出 4 FSK频移键控数字信号     

1.5V低功耗Rail-to-Rail CMOS运算放大器

基于2μm标准P阱CMOS工艺,实现了一种1.5V低功耗Rrail-to-Rail CMOS运算放大器.本运算放大器采用两对跨导器作rail-to-rail输入级,并运用电流折叠电路技术,将最低电源电压降到VT+3VDS.sat.运放同时采用一种适合于低电压要求的对称AB类推挽电路作rail-to-rail输出级,获得了高驱动能力和低谐波失真.芯片测试结果表明,在100pF负载电容和1K负载电阻并联条件下,运放的静态功耗只有270μW,开环电压增益,单位增益带宽和相位裕度分别达到了70dB,2.2MHz和60.     

一种基于55nmCMOS工艺，输出频率0.1G-1.5G Hz的低抖动锁相环

本文设计了一种0.1G-1.5GHz,3.07pS RMS 抖动的多相位输出锁相环。通过引入双路径电荷泵,极大的减小了锁相环中的低通滤波器的尺寸。基于指定的功耗约束,提出了一种新颖的压控振荡器、电荷泵与鉴频鉴相器的尺寸优化方法,使用该方法,每个模块输出相位噪声减小了约3-6dBc/Hz。该锁相环在55nm的工艺下流片,集成了16pF的MOM电容,占用面积仅为0.05平方毫米。输出1.5GHz信号时,功耗2.8mW,相位噪声为-102dBc/Hz@1MHz。     

Design of fully integrated programmable PLL frequency synthesizers for microprocessor clocking at 1–1500 MHz

This paper is concerned with the design of fully integrated programmable PLL frequency synthesizers for microprocessor clocking at 1–1500 MHz. The focus is on the circuit configuration and performance parameters of the basic analog units of the PLL: the stabilized bias unit, phase-frequency detector, charge pump, loop filter, and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The data examined are obtained by measurements on ICs fabricated by a 0.25-or 0.18-μm established CMOS technology. The circuit configurations are presented of VCOs that are tunable up to 1–1.3 GHz or up to over 2 GHz; they are designed to be implemented in a 0.25-or 0.18-μm technology, respectively. Also addressed is the design of the digital section of PLL synthesizers with a tuning range extending from 1 to over 1000 MHz. The PLL frequency and step responses, current consumption, and jitter performance are presented and investigated.     

A 2.2 W, 80 MHz superscalar RISC microprocessor

A 28 mW/MHz at 80 MHz structured-custom RISC microprocessor design is described. This 32-b implementation of the PowerPC architecture is fabricated in a 3.3 V, 0.5 μm, 4-level metal CMOS technology, resulting in 1.6 million transistors in a 7.4 mm by 11.5 mm chip size. Dual 8-kilobyte instruction and data caches coupled to a high performance 32/64-b system bus and separate execution units (float, integer, loadstore, and system units) result in peak instruction rates of three instructions per clock cycle. Low-power design techniques are used throughout the entire design, including dynamically powered down execution units. Typical power dissipation is kept under 2.2 W at 80 MHz. Three distinct levels of software-programmable, static, low-power operation-for system power management are offered, resulting in standby power dissipation from 2 mW to 350 mW. CPU to bus clock ratios of 1×, 2×, 3×, and 4× are implemented to allow control of system power while maintaining processor performance. As a result, workstation level performance is packed into a low-power, low-cost design ideal for notebooks and desktop computers     

1.5 V power supply CMOS voltage squarer

A CMOS voltage squarer for low voltage applications is proposed. The circuit works with a 1.5 V power supply and provides a THD of <3% with input signals up to 260 mV_pp. A 0.3% lower THD is achieved with input signals up to 120 mV_pp     

应用于PLL的改进型自校准CMOS电荷泵电路

为提高锁相环中自校准电荷泵电路的稳定性,提出了一种改进型宽摆幅自校准CMOS电荷泵电路.该电路通过引入宽摆幅自校准反馈回路,使电荷泵在输出电压变化范围较大时,UP/DOWN两个开关电流完全匹配,而且该电路不需要专门的频率补偿即可确保绝对稳定.该电荷泵采用0.25μm CMOS混合信号工艺实现.当供电电压2.5V,电荷泵输出节点电压在0.3~2.2V范围内变化时,UP和DOWN电流差值小于2%.     

适用于超宽带频率综合器的1.5 V 7.656 GHz正交输出锁相环

本论文实现了频率为7.656GHz全集成正交输出CMOS锁相环。该锁相环可以用作MB-OFDM超宽带频率综合器的一个基本模块。为了使环路快速稳定,该锁相环采用整数型结构,指定输入参考频率为66MHz,并且采用了一个宽带的正交压控振荡器,把两个交叉耦合LC压控振荡器通过底部串联耦合来产生正交载波。在0.18微米CMOS工艺和1.5V电源电压下,该锁相环消耗电流16mA（包含驱动电路）,测得相位噪声在1MHz频偏处为-109 dBc/Hz。其中测得正交压控振荡器的频率调谐范围为6.95GHz至8.73GHz。整个芯片的核心面积为1×0.5mm2。     

A 1.5 V 7.656 GHz PLL with I/Q outputs for a UWB synthesizer

A fully integrated CMOS phase-locked loop (PLL) which can synthesize a quadrature output frequency of 7.656 GHz is presented.The proposed PLL can be employed as a building block for an MB-OFDM UWB frequency synthesizer.To achieve fast loop settling,integer-N architecture operating with 66 MHz reference frequency and wideband QVCO are implemented.I/Q carriers are generated by two bottom-series cross-coupled LC VCOs.Realized in 0.18μm CMOS technology,this PLL consumes 16 mA current (including buffers) from a 1.5 V supply and the phase noise is-109.6 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.The measured oscillation frequency shows that the QVCO has a range of 6.95 to 8.73 GHz.The core circuit occupies an area of 1×0.5 mm2.     

2.5 V CMOS circuit techniques for a 200 MHz superscalar RISCprocessor

Novel 2.5 V CMOS circuit techniques including a noise tolerant precharge (NTP) circuit and a leakless buffer circuit are applied to a floating point macrocell for a 200 MHz superscalar RISC processor. The NTP circuit has two advantages: high noise immunity and high speed. Floating point operations can be executed in a two cycle latency using the high speed NTP circuit. The leakless buffer circuit with NMOS transmission gate in 128 floating point registers makes possible both high integration and low power dissipation, since the circuit causes no leak current without precharging the number of read lines. The processor makes use of 0.3 μm CMOS technology with a 2.5 V power supply and four metal layers. The floating point macrocell has 380 thousand transistors and dissipates 350 mW at 200 MHz. The peak performance of the floating point macrocell is 400 MFLOPS