纤维增强复合材料层板高速冲击损伤数值模拟

推导了复合材料应变率相关三维本构关系, 并将其用于复合材料层板高速冲击损伤的数值模拟。该模型在复合材料层间引入界面单元模拟层间分层, 结合三维Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别, 引入材料刚度退化, 采用非线性有限元方法, 研究了复合材料层板高速冲击的破坏过程及层板的损伤特性。数值分析结果表明, 剩余速度预报结果与实验结果吻合较好, 层板的主要损伤形式是层间分层、 基体微裂纹和纤维断裂, 减小弹体直径、 增大铺层角度和层板厚度能够有效降低层板损伤面积。      

铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板抗平头弹冲击的损伤特性研究

为研究铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板受到平头弹冲击后的损伤形式与抗冲击性能,利用一级气炮对铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板的两种冲击位置进行冲击试验。根据试验数据,对比分析三角形波纹夹芯板及等面密度单层板的弹道极限速度与耗能,并结合有限元仿真分析夹芯板的动态损伤过程、动态载荷响应及损伤机理。研究结果表明,三角形波纹夹芯板损伤形式为剪切破坏、撕裂破坏与弯曲变形。波纹板的抗冲击性能低于等面密度的单层板,并且波纹板节点位置的抗冲击性能高于基座位置。当弹体冲击速度较低时,波纹板的耗能低于单层板,随着冲击速度增加,波纹板节点位置的耗能高于单层板,基座位置的耗能与单层板相近。此外,波纹板的动态载荷响应与失效机理均受到冲击位置与弹体冲击速度的影响。     

含冲击损伤缝合层板剩余压缩强度

通过对含冲击损伤缝合复合材料层板进行压缩实验,揭示了含损伤缝合层板在压缩载荷下的破坏模式和破坏机制.将冲击损伤等效为圆孔,利用杂交单元计算冲击后缝合层板的应力分布,采用基于特征曲线概念的点应力判据预测了含损伤缝合层板的剩余压缩强度.研究结果表明:冲击损伤近似为圆形;缝合和未缝合层板冲击后压缩的损伤模式不同;采用开口等效法可以有效分析缝合层板的剩余压缩强度;特征距离、损伤面积是影响计算结果的主要因素.     

含冲击损伤缝合层板剩余压缩强度

通过对含冲击损伤缝合复合材料层板进行压缩实验, 揭示了含损伤缝合层板在压缩载荷下的破坏模式和破坏机制。将冲击损伤等效为圆孔, 利用杂交单元计算冲击后缝合层板的应力分布, 采用基于特征曲线概念的点应力判据预测了含损伤缝合层板的剩余压缩强度。研究结果表明: 冲击损伤近似为圆形; 缝合和未缝合层板冲击后压缩的损伤模式不同; 采用开口等效法可以有效分析缝合层板的剩余压缩强度; 特征距离、 损伤面积是影响计算结果的主要因素。     

不同形状弹体高速冲击下复合材料层板损伤分析

根据纤维增强复合材料宏细观结构,基于纤维的线弹性假设和基体的粘弹性假设,推导了单向复合材料粘弹性损伤本构关系。在此基础上,结合Hashin失效准则进行单层板面内损伤识别,通过界面单元模拟层间分层损伤,采用非线性有限元方法,建立了复合材料层板高速冲击损伤有限元分析模型。利用该模型,深入研究了不同形状弹体高速冲击下复合材料层板的弹道性能和损伤特性,探讨了相关参数对冲击损伤的影响规律,获得了一些有价值的结论。     

电热载荷对修补碳纤维增强复合材料冲击后压缩性能的影响

为了研究碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)修补结构在电热载荷环境下的冲击性能,采用自制的电热损伤测试平台,测试了修补后CFRP层板在不同电流下试样的表面温度分布和电阻变化规律,对修补后CFRP层板进行了低速冲击和冲击后剩余压缩强度(CAI)测试,并对冲击损伤失效特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:低电流对修补后CFRP层板的抗冲击性能影响较小,CAI呈现略微增长的趋势;随着电流强度的增加,电热产生的高温对修补界面层产生破坏,导致材料抗冲击性能减弱,CAI明显降低。     

缝合复合材料层板低速冲击及冲击后压缩实验研究

通过对缝合复合材料层板进行低速冲击和冲击后压缩实验, 研究了不同类型的缝合复合材料层板的冲击损伤特性及冲击后压缩的剩余强度。实验研究表明: 基体损伤和分层是缝合层板与未缝合层板低速冲击的主要损伤模式, 缝合层板具有更好的抗冲击性能, 更高的冲击后压缩强度。缝合密度越大的层板其抗冲击性能越好, 冲击后压缩强度越高。缝合方向为0°的缝合层板较缝合方向为90°的缝合层板具有更好的抗冲击性能和更高的冲击后压缩强度。增加0°方向铺层, 减少45°、-45°方向铺层, 可以提高缝合层板的抗冲击性能和冲击后压缩强度。     

缝合复合材料层板低速冲击损伤数值模拟

建立了缝合复合材料层板在低速冲击载荷下的渐进损伤分析模型。模型中采用空间杆单元模拟缝线的作用;采用三维实体单元模拟缝合层板,通过基于应变描述的Hashin准则,结合相应的材料性能退化方案模拟层板的损伤和演化;采用界面单元模拟层间界面,结合传统的应力失效判据和断裂力学中的应变能释放率准则判断分层的起始和扩展规律。通过对碳800环氧树脂复合材料（T800/5228）层板的数值仿真结果和试验结果相比较,验证了模型的正确性,同时讨论了不同冲击能量下缝合层板的损伤规律。研究结果表明：缝线能够有效地抑制层板的分层损伤扩展;相同冲击能量下缝合与未缝合层板的基体损伤和纤维损伤在厚度分布上相似,缝合层板的损伤都要小于未缝合层板。     

电热作用对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层板冲击性能的影响EI

针对航空结构用碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(CFRP)层板结构在低电流(安培级)作用下对其冲击性能和吸能特性的影响进行研究。结果表明,电热作用使得CFRP层板的温度迅速升高,随着电流强度增加,电热作用产生的焦耳热显著增加;同时,CFRP层板的电阻率随电流强度增大而降低,呈现出温敏效应。在相同冲击能量下,随着加载电流强度增加,CFRP层板的冲击响应完全不同,临界损伤冲击应力和最大冲击应力随加载电流强度增大而减小,且下降幅度随之增大;随着加载电流强度增加,CFRP层板对冲击能量吸收显著增加。冲击损伤分析可知,在相同冲击能量下,CFRP层板的冲击损伤面积随着电流强度增加而增大,损伤程度越严重,失效机制由基体裂纹、微小分层转变为大量纤维断裂、基体破碎等,即冲击损伤模式由微弱的冲击损伤转变为可见的冲击损伤;冲击凹坑深度也随着电流强度增加而显著加深,冲击凹坑回弹率也显著降低。     

含低速冲击损伤复合材料层合板剩余压缩强度及疲劳性能试验研究

对T300/QY8911复合材料层板进行了低速冲击、 冲击后压缩以及冲击后疲劳试验研究。通过对冲击后的层板进行目视检测和超声C扫描获得了层板受低速冲击后的若干损伤特征; 在压-压疲劳试验中, 测量了损伤的扩展情况。讨论了冲击能量与损伤面积以及冲击后剩余压缩强度的关系, 分析了含冲击损伤层合板在压缩载荷及压-压疲劳载荷下的主要破坏机制。结果表明, 低速冲击损伤对该类层板的强度和疲劳性能影响很大, 在3.75 J/mm的冲击能量下, 层板剩余压缩强度下降了65%; 在压-压疲劳载荷作用下, 其损伤扩展大致可分为两个阶段, 占整个疲劳寿命约60%的前一阶段损伤扩展较为缓慢; 而疲劳寿命的后半阶段损伤则开始加速扩展, 并导致材料破坏。     

Macroscale assessment of low-velocity impact on hybrid composite laminates

Composites are usually brittle materials and have low impact properties. Structural dimensions, stacking sequence, ply materials, ply thicknesses and ply angles are standard variables that influence composite‘s performance against impact loads. Stacking sequence in hybrid laminates affects the failure and impact resistance. Failure mechanisms at the low-velocity impact of a rigid object in hybrid laminates are complex, and the subsurface damage in a composite laminate cannot be detected directly. However, various simulation platforms make it easy to see the impact damage between the plies of laminate. This paper numerically investigated the effect of stack sequence and hybridization of two fiber types against low-velocity impact. The current study adopted four-layer composite laminates of carbon and glass fiber layers with a stacking plan [C/C/C/C], [C/G/C/G] and [G/C/G/C], having lay-up angles as [0°/45°/−45°/90°]. Keeping the impactor mass and the incident velocity constant, the laminates were subjected to low-velocity impact. The damage contours for a failure mode were recorded and compared at the ply level. The numerical study resulted in impact imitations showing comparisons of the damage contours using Hashin failure criteria. Hybrid laminates display better performance in absorbing impact energies; however, hybrid laminates experienced more subsurface damage due to more impact energy absorption.     

低速冲击后复合材料层合板的压缩破坏行为

对缝纫层合板和无缝纫层合板进行低速冲击后压缩破坏实验,以研究低速冲击后层合板的压缩破坏机理。采用C扫描、X射线、热揭层等技术对层合板内的损伤进行测量和对比。结果表明,界面不是很强的碳纤维增强复合材料层合板低速冲击后受压时,层合板非冲击面的子层屈曲及其扩展是导致层合板冲击后压缩强度下降的重要因素,而且子层屈曲主要是沿垂直载荷的方向(90°)扩展;对于准各向同性板,屈曲子层中与母层相邻的铺层的方向一般为90°。层合板的剩余压缩强度与板的冲击损伤面积无直接关系。      

平面编织复合材料层合板低速冲击后的拉伸性能

对两种不同铺层形式的平面编织复合材料层合板低速冲击后拉伸性能进行了实验研究,在此基础上建立了有限元损伤扩展仿真模拟。在所建立的有限元模型中,将低速冲击损伤等效为形状规则的软化夹杂,并针对两种铺层形式采用不同的损伤判据和模量衰减准则。研究结果表明:该有限元模拟结果与实验结果符合,说明该模型能够准确地预测低速冲击后平面编织复合材料层合板的损伤扩展规律和剩余拉伸强度;不同铺层形式的平面编织复合材料层合板在低速冲击后拉伸的损伤扩展规律不同;它们的冲击后拉伸强度降均>50%,在复合材料结构设计中应该受到重视。      

Low-velocity impact response of non-woven hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites: Influence of impactor geometry and impact velocity

In this study, the influence of varying impactor geometries on the impact damage characteristics of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites were subjected to a low-velocity impact loading using an instrumented falling weight impact test setup. The three varying tup geometries: hemispherical, 30° and 90°, at four different impact velocity levels: 2.52 m/s, 2.71 m/s, 2.89 m/s and 2.97 m/s were assessed. The experimental results to investigate the influence of impactor geometry suggest that HFRUP composites were able to withstand higher loads when tested with hemispherical impactor and also absorbed more energy than that for 90° and 30° shaped tup geometry. The post impact damage patterns and failure mechanisms of impacted samples were further characterised by ultrasonic (UT) inspection. Impact induced damage characterised by scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggests that damage induced by the impact included a typical failure mechanisms showing matrix cracking, fibre breakage and fibre pullout. As the impact velocity increases the damage to back face of the laminate increased for laminates tested with a hemispherical impactor while it decreased to certain extent for laminates tested with 90° and 30° impactor geometries.     

铺陈角度对芳纶/玻璃纤维层合板抗冲击性能的影响

采用Abaqus软件建立了圆锥形子弹正冲击芳纶/玻璃纤维复合材料层合板的有限元模型,将模拟结果与文献中的实验结果相比较验证了模型的可靠性,进而研究子弹以不同的速度对不同铺陈角度下的复合材料层合板冲击后初始速度与剩余速度的关系以及层合板的破坏特征。结果表明:当层合板铺陈角度不变且子弹击穿层合板时,子弹初始速度与剩余速度接近于线性关系;在子弹未穿透层合板时,[0/90°]铺陈角度的层合板抗弹性能最好,在子弹以600~900 m/s的较高速度穿透层合板时,[45/-45°]铺陈角度的层合板吸能效果最好;由破坏特征图表明铺陈角度对层合板的损伤面积和破坏机制影响不大。该研究可为防护装备的设计和优化提供参考。     

铺层角度对碳纤维/形状记忆环氧树脂层合板形状回复性能的影响

对不同铺层角度的碳纤维/环氧树脂形状记忆复合材料(SMC)层合板的弯曲回复性能进行了研究。结果表明,[±θ]_s铺层方式的SMC层合板的形状回复率、回复力均随着铺层角度增大而减小,回复时间随着铺层角度增大而增大,其中铺层角度增大至45°后,回复时间开始出现大幅的增加,铺层角度增大至60°后,回复率开始出现大幅的降低。对SMC层合板进行了15次的赋形-回复循环过程,发现不同铺层角度SMC层合板均能保持较稳定的形状记忆回复率和回复时间。但在铺层角度0~30°的范围内,层合板的形状回复力随着铺层角度增大而减小。最后分析了不同铺层角度SMC层合板的局部损伤,结果表明,[0]_4和[±15]_s铺层方式的SMC层合板基体已达到了其极限剪切应变,基体发生严重破坏,并且会随着赋形次数的增加而加剧。     

Low velocity impact behaviour of a hybrid carbon‐epoxy/cork laminate

This work addresses low velocity impact behaviour of monolithic cross‐ply carbon‐epoxy and hybrid carbon‐epoxy/cork laminates. The [0₄, 90₄]_s layup was selected due to its high mismatch bending between different oriented layers, which is a critical aspect concerning large delamination development at these critical interfaces. The effect of a cork layer inserted at the most critical interface on low velocity impact behaviour of the carbon‐epoxy laminate is discussed. Impact response and resulting damage profiles of monolithic and hybrid laminates are compared, and advantages of the hybrid solution are underlined. A numerical analysis including cohesive zone modelling was also performed to assess the damage profiles obtained for the two laminates analysed. The model revealed to be effective for a better comprehension of damage mechanism for both studied cases.     

Behaviour of multiple composite plates subjected to ballistic impact

An experimental and numerical investigation has been carried out to study the behavior of single and multiple laminated panels subjected to ballistic impact. A pressurized air gun is used to shoot the impactor, which can attain sufficient velocity to penetrate all the laminates in a multiple laminated panel. The incidental and residual velocity of the impactor is measured to estimate the energy absorption in the impact process. The commercially available code ABAQUS has been used for the numerical simulation where the impactor has been modeled as a rigid body and the laminates have been modeled with a simple shell element. A user material model based on a continuum damage mechanics concept for failure mechanism of laminated composites has been implemented. Experimental tests showed that the numerical model could satisfactorily predict the energy absorption. Most interestingly, it has clearly demonstrated a feasible phenomenon behind counterintuitive experimental results for the multiple laminated panels.