水中内分泌干扰物(EDCs)去除技术研究进展

简介了内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的来源、危害及污染现状,综述了近年来吸附法、高级氧化法和生物法去除水中EDCs的研究进展,对比分析了各种去除技术的原理及特点,并提出未来的EDCs去除技术的发展趋势是各种工艺组合联用。     

水中内分泌干扰物(EDCs)去除技术研究进展

简介了内分泌干扰物(EDCs)的来源、危害及污染现状,综述了近年来吸附法、高级氧化法和生物法去除水中EDCs的研究进展,对比分析了各种去除技术的原理及特点,并提出未来的EDCs去除技术的发展趋势是各种工艺组合联用。     

生物炭对几类常见新兴污染物去除的研究进展

近年来药物和个人洗护用品（PPCPs）以及内分泌干扰物（EDCs）等新兴污染物频频检出,引起人们高度关注。众多研究表明,这些新兴污染物已经广泛分布在河流、湖泊、海洋、土壤、沉积物和地下水等环境介质中,而这些物质具有不易降解特性,加之不断排入水体环境,在水体环境中呈现“假持续存在”状态,对生态环境和人体健康造成诸多的不良影响。本文首先简述了以PPCPs和EDCs为代表的新兴污染物在环境中的来源、传播、分布和去除技术,并以表格形式综述了PPCPs和EDCs在各地区的污染现状。最后介绍了生物炭在去除PPCPs和EDCs上的研究现状和进展,分别通过生物炭制备原料、热解温度、改性或活化方式、溶液pH、离子强度和干扰物等因素综述了其对生物炭吸附PPCPs和EDCs的影响,并在最后做出总结和展望,以期能给今后生物炭在去除PPCPs和EDCs等新兴污染物上的相关研究和实际应用提供更多思路。     

膜技术去除水中环境内分泌干扰物的研究进展

介绍了内分泌干扰物（EDCs）的分类、特点及其作用机理，分析了膜技术去除水体中EDCs的影响因素，阐述了膜生物反应器的应用近况。膜分离技术作为一种新型的水处理技术，随着其工艺技术日趋成熟、运行成本逐步降低，必将广泛应用于水体中EDCs的去除。     

纳滤膜技术去除水中内分泌干扰物

传统的污水处理工艺对内分泌干扰物（EDCs）的去除效果不稳定,而且不能彻底去除水中EDCs,使之达到产生危害的阈值浓度以下。大部分EDCs是分子量在200,500Da之间的有机物,这些污染物大多数是疏水性分子,纳滤膜对小分子有机物良好的筛分作用和吸附作用,运用纳滤技术去除EDCs是一种切实可行和安全有效的方法。     

偶氮染料废水的厌氧好氧处理工程实例

介绍了以吸附过滤、上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）生物接触氧化法相结合的工艺处理偶氮染料废不的工程实例及有关的参数。废水经过中和沉淀、吸附可去除29．7％的COD,再经UASB处理,可去除58．9％的COD,厌氧处理系统内形成颗粒污泥,厌氧出水经生物接触氧化法,可去除80．7％的COD,二沉池出水COD降至150mg/L以下,达到国家污水综合排放一级标准。     

膜生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究和工程设计

通过浸没式膜生物反应器处理生活污水的实验研究,在给定气水比、停留时间、污泥负荷、污泥浓度、膜出水工作压力等设计参数的条件下得出膜生物反应器对有机物、氨氮的去除效果以及洗膜的方法。并以工程实例介绍膜生物反应器（MBR）处理生活污水的设计与计算方法。     

改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水的强化除磷

采用多级厌氧/耗氧膜生物反应器（A/O-MBR）组合工艺对低C/N比生活污水进行处理时,存在总磷（TP）处理不达标的问题。通过改变污泥回流位置并增加内回流的改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺强化除磷,探究该工艺对低C/N比生活污水中TP的去除效果,并通过污泥静态分析研究其污泥反硝化除磷机理。结果表明,改良型多级A/O-MBR组合工艺对TP去除效果良好,平均去除率达到了86.36%,同时对化学需氧量（COD）、总氮（TN）及氨氮去除效果良好,均达到一级A排放标准。该工艺提高了聚磷菌及反硝化聚磷菌的比例,有效强化了对TP的去除。     

生物转盘法处理生活污水

我国北方地区冬季温度较低，生物转盘很难挂膜，在北方很少有运用生物膜生物转盘法来处理污水的。近年来，兖州矿业（集团）公司济宁二号煤矿成功使用生物转盘法处理生活污水，COD、BODs、SS、NH3-N各项指标达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB1318918-2002）三级标准，并且处理后的污水部分被重复利用，节约了水资源，经济效益和社会效益十分显著。     

复合膜生物反应器有机物去除动力学的研究

本研究对向膜生物反应器中投加陶粒填料的复合式膜生物反应器（HMBR）处理生活污水的工艺条件进行了系统试验。在优化的工艺条件下进行了HMBR去除有机物的反应动力学研究，确定了该反应器生物处理反应动力学参数，并建立了反应器中有机底质降解动力学模型。     

Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from contaminated industrial groundwater using chitin as a biosorbent

BACKGROUND: The removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from drinking water is of great importance. Chitin isolated from crab shells was used as a biosorbent for removal of three EDCs—benzo(a)antracene, β‐estradiol and bisphenol A—present in contaminated groundwater. Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy, porosimetry and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for structural elucidation of chitin. Experiments were conducted using batch adsorption mode under different conditions of initial EDCs concentration, solution pH and adsorbent dose. The effect of chitin particle size was also investigated. Batch adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order models for kinetic study. RESULTS: The maximum adsorption capacity of chitin by the three EDCs, calculated using the Langmuir equation, ranged from 42.9 to 84 mg g^?1. The adsorption of EDCs by chitin was due primarily to electrostatic forces. The measurement of zeta potential indicated that chitin has higher surface charge in alkaline pH, resulting in reduction in removal of EDCs with increasing pH. Complementary to the experimental results molecular simulations were also performed on HyperChem software to understand the adsorption mechanism between chitin and EDCs in aquesous solutions. Chitin was regenerated after washing with methanol/acetic acid (1/3, v/v) and the regeneration process was repeated for 10 cycles, which showed 90% adsorption capacity retained by chitin. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results suggest that chitin could be employed as an adsorbent in the removal of EDCs from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption potential of used chitin can be recovered by methanol/acetic acid solvent washings. The reusable biosorbent chitin would be cost‐effective and a better option for future water remediation endeavours. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

用于市政废水除磷的聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂研究

以价廉的铝酸钙粉为原料，研制了一种用于市政废水除磷的高效低耗的聚合氯化铝铁（PAFC）无机高分子复合絮凝剂．研究内容包括：PAFC的制备方法研究，PAFC用量对模拟废水和实际废水除磷、除浊效果的影响，废水经PAFC处理后pH值的变化情况，废水酸度对除磷效果的影响，PAFC与常见商品絮凝剂除磷性能的比较研究。试验结果表明：自制的铝铁复合絮凝剂的除磷效果好于传统的铁盐和商品铝铁盐；除浊效果也较好，除浊率可达到95％以上；废水处理后pH值也较稳定。PAFC用于市政废水有较优异的除磷、除浊性能。     

烷基酚类内分泌干扰物污染现状及去除研究进展

内分泌干扰化学物质是环境科学领域研究的热点之一,已报道的内分泌干扰化学物质达100种左右,烷基酚类物质是一类重要的内分泌干扰物,具有雌性激素效应,广泛地分布于环境当中。笔者重点分析了烷基酚类物质在国内外天然水体,自来水,再生水以及生活污水的污染现状,综述了该类物质的主要去除方法,并探讨了该领域进一步研究重点与方向。     

生物法去除污水中内分泌干扰物的研究现状

内分泌干扰物是一类能够影响人类和动物生殖发育的化学物质.水环境中内分泌干扰物的存在对人类的身体健康存在潜在性危害.近年来,在多个污水处理厂的进水中均检测到了内分泌干扰物.生物处理是有效去除该种类物质的方法之一.分析和综述了内分泌干扰物生物去除方法的主要工艺、作用机理和影响因素,提出了目前存在的主要技术难点和未来研究发展...     

仿生吸附剂去除水中环境内分泌干扰物的研究进展

环境内分泌干扰物(EDCs)对人类健康和生态环境的危害受到全社会的关注,已成为环境治理研究的热点和难点。由于这类污染物具有较高的辛醇-水分配系数、易于生物富集的特点,近年来人们开展了模拟脂肪细胞的生物富集性制备仿生吸附剂处理水体中的环境内分泌干扰物的研究。仿生吸附剂主要有两类:聚羟基丁酸酯类和乙酸纤维素-三油酸甘油酯类。这两类吸附剂都能高效、快速地去除水中低浓度的环境内分泌干扰物。改性网状仿生脂肪吸附剂和球形乙酸纤维素-三油酸甘油酯吸附剂可再生使用至少5次,吸附效果并未见明显下降。本文综述了这类仿生吸附剂的吸附特性和吸附机理,并展望了今后的研究热点。     

Ozonation of estrone, estradiol, diethylstilbestrol in waters

The ozonation of three environmental endocrine disrupters (EDCs), estrone(E₁), estradiol(E₂), and diethylstilbestrol(DES), in aqueous solutions were investigated. Batch experiments were carried out to research the effect of initial EDCs concentrations, initial pH values and ozone dosages on the degradation efficiency. At pH 9.0, the degradation efficiency of estrone (E₁) reached to 94% after 8 min; diethylstilbestrol could be totally degraded after 6 min, and even estradiol was completely degraded after only 4 min. After 6 min for ozonation, the degradation efficiency of E₂ was nearly 48% with ozone dosage of 0.13 mg min^− 1. Compared with the ozone dosage of 0.38 mg min^− 1, E₂ entirely degraded after 6 min. Ozone dosage on degradation of E₁ was in a similar way. DES had analogous rule. At four different concentration solutions (5-20 mg L^− 1) of EDCs exposed to ozone, the higher the initial EDCs concentration, the lower EDCs degradation efficiency was obtained. During the ozonation process, the rapid decreasing of pH and the sharp increasing of electrical conductivity indicated the higher polarity by-products were produced during ozonation, which was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The results could provide some useful information for the potential treatment of EDCs by ozonation in waters.     

Removal efficiencies of endocrine disrupting chemicals by coagulation/flocculation, ozonation, powdered/granular activated carbon adsorption, and chlorination

Removal efficiencies of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), bisphenol A and nonylphenol, during various types of water treatment processes were evaluated extensively using laboratory- and pilot-scale experiments. The specific processes of interest were coagulation/flocculation sedimentation/filtration (conventional water treatment process), powdered activated carbon (PAC), granular activated carbon (GAC), ozonation and chlorination. Batch sorption tests, coagulation tests, and ozone oxidation tests were also performed at higher concentrations with 14 EDCs including bisphenol A. The conventional water treatment process had very low removal efficiencies (0 to 7%) for all the EDCs except DEHP, DBP and DEP that were removed by 53%, 49%, and 46%, respectively. Ozonation at 1 mgO₃/ L removed 60% of bisphenol A and 89% of nonylphenol, while chlorination at 1 mg/L removed 58% and 5%, respectively. When ozone and chlorine doses were 4 and 5 mg/L, respectively, both EDCs were not detected. PAC removal efficiencies ranged from 15% to 40% at 3 to 10 mg/L of PAC with a contact time of 15 minutes. In the high concentration batch sorption tests, EDC removal efficiencies by PAC were closely related to octanol-water partition coefficient (K_ow). GAC adsorption was very effective water treatment process. The type and service time of GAC did not affect EDC removal efficiencies. The combination of ozonation and GAC in series appears to remove EDCs effectively to safe levels while conventional water treatment could not.     

ECOSUNIDE工艺在工程中的应用

水体富营养化对城市水环境构成了严重威胁,是当今世界性的水污染治理难题.加强城市污水的处理,提高城市污水处理厂出水的氮、磷指标,控制氮、磷等营养物质进入水体,是解决水体富营养化的重要途径.ECOSUNIDE工艺通过改变进水方式,提高活性污泥浓度,创造出有利于硝化菌和聚磷菌生长的环境,实现了短时高效脱氮除磷,并在临沂市污水处理厂的改造中得到成功应用.