Females' attitude and preference for beer: a conjoint analysis study

In order to sustain the fast‐expanding beer industry, companies need to attract new female consumers. The main objective of this study was to identify the extrinsic and intrinsic attributes that drive female consumers' purchase of beer. A literature review and focus group (n = 6) were conducted, and six attributes were identified as purchase drivers of beer. These attributes included flavour, appearance (colour), packaging, brand, production methods and beer style. These attributes were used to design a choice‐based conjoint analysis survey. The survey was administered to 277 females (aged 35.09 ± 15.2) residing in Nova Scotia (Canada). The results indicated that sweetness has a positive effect on liking. Bitterness has a strong negative effect on liking of beer. Black colour, stouts and macro‐brewed beers also had negative effects on liking of beer products. The consumer clusters showed that generally all of the consumer groups liked sweet beers with low bitterness.     

上海市食用油消费调查及消费者需求偏好研究

对上海市一般食用油和高端食用油的消费现状、消费者需求偏好进行了深入研究,提出了上海市食用油企业市场发展的合理建议。上海市一般食用油消费主要集中在花生油、大豆油、葵花籽油和调和油,高端食用油消费主要集中在橄榄油、核桃油和山茶油。一般食用油消费者偏好食用油的营养价值和功效,而高端食用油消费者偏好产品品牌。调查结果可为食用油经营者提供决策依据,为进驻食用油市场的商家提供参考。     

我国城市居民奶制品消费行为的调查分析

在对哈尔滨，郑州两个有代表性的城市居民奶制品消费状况进行抽样调查的基础上，对城市居民的奶制品消费状况，购买因素，消费偏好进行了分析。具体分析了对奶制品消费群体的变化趋势，奶制品品种消费状况，奶制品消费的影响因素和消费方式；城市居民对奶制品的购买方式，购买时间的分布和购买地点的选择，以及获取奶制品信息的方式和来源。城市居民对奶制品消费的产品，品种，产地，品牌偏好，并提出了具体建议。     

The impact of fat content,production methods and carbon footprint information on consumer preferences for minced meat

Growing concern over the environmental impacts and other credence characteristics of food has resulted in increasing interest in the quality attributes of meat products in Finland. The aim of this study was to provide information on the relative preferences of consumers for minced meat attributes. Using a choice experiment, we examined whether the meat type, method of production, fat content, price and presence of carbon footprint information have an impact on consumer choice. A low fat content was found to have a particularly positive effect on the choice of a minced meat product. The carbon footprint information had a significant impact on the meat type-specific consumer preferences: the popularity of beef products decreased and of pork products increased when the footprint information was presented to the consumers. Six heterogeneous consumer classes were identified with latent class analysis: price-conscious (23% of the respondents), fat content-conscious (23%), ideological but passive (17%), content with conventional (14%), beef-preferring (12%) and method of production -conscious consumers (11%). Consumers were generally willing to pay more for a low fat content, but the relative willingness to pay estimates were largely dependent on the consumer groups: premiums for organic and animal welfare-oriented production methods also existed. These attributes could thus represent good means for differentiating minced meat products. The impact of carbon footprint information on the willingness to pay estimates was relatively low.     

Alternative experimental design paradigms in choice experiments and their effects on consumer demand estimates for beef from endangered local cattle breeds: An empirical test

In this paper we empirically validate the hypothesis of context independent preferences in choice experiments under different experimental design approaches. Two alternative paradigms for constructing designs are analysed in this study under a simple Multinomial Logit (MNL) framework: optimal orthogonal in the differences (OOD) and D-efficient (EFD) designs. Once having taken into account potential differences in scale (inversely proportional to the variance of the random term in random utility models), preference estimates for beef attributes are found to be sensitive to the design generation process.     

海洋生物毒素检测的动物试验替代方法及标准化

海洋生物毒素结构多样、种类繁多、作用机制复杂,给人类健康带来潜在的风险。使用动物模型检测贝类组织中的海洋毒素是许多国家监控计划推荐的方法。近年来,新的基于毒性作用机制和明确化学结构的检测方法不断被开发,如细胞检测法、免疫学方法、化学分析法和生物传感器方法等。有的方法已进入标准化和验证程序,逐渐被认可用于监控和检测目的 。     

The use of sensory evaluation and consumer preference for the selection of sweetpotato cultivars in East Africa

Sweetpotato is an important staple crop in East Africa with great potential for introducing improved cultivars, but little is known about which sensory characteristics are desirable. Over a 2 year period, 600 consumers were interviewed at three locations (urban and rural) in the Lake Zone of Tanzania and their preference of 14 locally available sweetpotato cultivars in cooked form was evaluated. A simple questionnaire based on consumers first‐choice preference was used followed by socio‐economic questions. A trained sensory panel profiled the cooked sweetpotato samples, enabling comparisons with preference, location and season. Cluster analysis based on the sensory attributes was used to classify the cultivars into three groups; one cluster comprised the most preferred cultivars and another contained the least. Some cultivars were consistently preferred over the 2 year period while others were not. The location where the cultivars were grown also influenced preference. Stepwise regression indicated that the most discriminating sensory attributes were starch and stickiness. Target levels based on the mean intensity scores of these attributes are suggested as a means of screening new cultivars. The implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Smokers' attitudes and behaviors related to consumer demand for cessation counseling in the medical care setting.

This study describes a new segmentation strategy exploring smokers' interest levels in counseling in the medical care setting in order to understand how public health communications can be designed to increase consumer demand for cessation services within this population. A subsample of 431 smokers from a large, nationally representative mail survey was analyzed and categorized into three cessation-demand groups: Low demand (LD), medium demand (MD), and high demand (HD). HD smokers were most likely to be heavy smokers, to make quitting a high priority, and to have self-efficacy in quitting. MD and LD smokers were less likely than HD smokers to have been told to quit smoking by a health care provider in the past or to believe that counseling is effective. The first step in the regression analysis revealed that age, cigarettes smoked per month, whether smokers were currently trying to quit, and whether they were ever told to quit smoking by their health care provider accounted for 21% of the variance in smokers' interest in smoking cessation counseling, F(4, 234) = 16.49, p<.001. When additional variables on attitudes toward smoking and quitting and perceived effectiveness of receiving counseling in the medical care setting were added to the model, an additional 11% of the variance in smokers' interest in cessation counseling was explained, F(12, 234) = 10.07, p<.001. Results suggest that by categorizing smokers by interest level in cessation counseling, we emerge with three distinct portraits of smokers who might be activated in different ways to increase consumer demand for cessation counseling.     

易拉盖面裂问题的试验分析和改进方法

对生产过程中出现的易拉盖面裂问题,从材料、模具、以及机械设备等方面进行试验,分析造成易拉盖面裂的原因,同时提出降低面裂率,提高产品质量的措施方法。     

牛乳中的硒及其分析方法

硒是人体必需的微量元素，其主要生物学功能表现在：参与多种酶的组成，通过酶的作用调节生理功能；影响血红的利用；是许多重金属元素的天然解毒剂。     

食品中菌落总数测定方法探讨

食品中茵落总数测定方法有多种。笔者对其中最主要的2种方法(国家标准和IDF国际标准中的方法)在理论和实践上进行深入的分析和探讨，并用实验进行结果比对。结果表明，国际标准优于国家标准，检出率高，营养全面，计数公式科学，茵落易于分辨。缺点是检验周期较长。     

Consumers’ preferences for Iberian dry-cured ham and the influence of mast feeding: An application of conjoint analysis in Spain

This paper analyzes consumers’ preferences for Iberian dry-cured ham, one of the most typical and highly prized meat products in Spain. The data were obtained by a survey carried out between April and May 2006 with a sample of 417 consumers in Extremadura (SW Spain). Conjoint Analysis was used to estimate the relative importance of the main attributes affecting preferences for Iberian ham and to create consumer segments with similar preference profiles. Results have shown that Price and Type of ham are the most important attributes for the choice of ham. Simulation analyses determined the surcharge that consumers are willing to pay for an Iberian mast-fed ham instead of an Iberian ham, thus identifying an ideal cluster for Iberian mast-fed ham.     

Effect of liking,information and consumer characteristics on purchase intention and willingness to pay more for a fat spread with a proven health benefit

Purchase intention and ‘willingness to pay more’ for a relatively new spreading fat with a proven health benefit were compared with those of an established spread by a panel of consumers (n=70). Unlabelled assessment showed that the two spreads differed significantly in liking for taste, in-mouth texture and overall liking. Label information (identity, price and nutritional benefit) had a significant effect on intention to buy, especially when combined within higher liking. Main reasons for ‘buying’ and ‘not buying’ the spread with the proven health benefit were ‘healthy’ and ‘high price’, respectively. Consumers were willing to pay more for the new spread but at a level below its current retail price, although this was significantly higher when combined with higher liking. Gender, age, health concern and nutritional knowledge had mostly interactive effects on purchase intent, with females, older subjects and those with high health concern having higher purchase intent for the proven health benefit label. ‘Willingness to pay more’ level was also higher for these sub-groups and for those with higher nutritional knowledge, but effect sizes were less than those due to differences in liking.     

餐饮从业人员食品安全知识、态度、行为调查分析

目的掌握餐饮从业人员食品安全相关知识及危险因素现状,为采取有效的干预措施提供依据。方法随机抽取餐饮从业人员720名,进行食品安全相关知识、态度、行为问卷调查。结果餐饮从业人员食品安全相关知识知晓率为60.8%,不同单位、不同工作岗位人群知晓率无差异,不同文化程度、不同专业、不同工作年限、不同培训次数人群知晓率有差异;98.8%的餐饮从业人员充分认识到食品安全的重要性;89.7%的调查对象已经总体养成良好的食品安全行为习惯。结论要保障广大人民群众的食品安全,应加强从业人员食品安全知识的培训,提高其食品安全的知识水平,培养其良好的食品安全习惯,规范其职业行为。     

内衣企业的文胸设计操作方式及其存在问题

通过实地调研和学习,总结了文胸设计和生产的特点,阐述了文胸设计与成衣设计的区别、文胸的款式设计特点、文胸的组料特点以及文胸的生产与工艺特点,分析了目前国内大部分内衣企业的文胸设计和制作流程及其存在的问题,指出解决内衣设计专业人才缺乏、内衣设计技术落后和对人体体型研究不足等问题是我国内衣行业发展的关键。     

Alternative extraction techniques for analysis of acrylamide in food: Influence of pH and digestive enzymes

Acrylamide in food is normally measured as “water-soluble free acrylamide”. However, it is shown that the technique of extraction, according to the method for extraction of dietary fibres or at high pH can affect the results. This has to be accounted for, particularly in the assessment of exposure and in studies of bioavailability and, in the long term, health risk assessment.     

云南省影响消费者购买猪肉、大米和西红柿的因素分析

选取影响消费者购买猪肉、大米和西红柿的四个因素(包装、销售地点、产品认证和品牌),每个因素设2或3的水平,采用联合分析法进行评价。结果显示:产品的包装、销售地点、产品认证、品牌四个因素中对消费者购买大米、猪肉和西红柿起主要作用的是销售地点,尤其是超市的作用十分明显,流动商贩在云南省仍然有一定的市场需求。      

塑料食品包装材料中有毒有害化学残留物及分析方法

食品包装材料中有毒有害化学物质的迁移是引起食品污染的重要途径之一。本文主要根据近年来发表的有关食品包装材料、卫生检测领域的相关文献为基础,针对塑料食品包装材料中的单体、低聚体、添加剂和污染物等几类有毒有害化学物质的组成、毒性、卫生限量标准及主要检测方法进行了分析,为相关食品包装企业的质量控制技术人员和科研工作者提供参考。     

用于先进的质量控制和过程开发的现代纤维分析方法

介绍化学纤维的现代分析方法,重点为纤维分析的最新尖端技术.分析技术广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)和透射电镜显微术(TEM)除了能获得高分子纤维中结构形成基本原理的新信息外,在实际应用中也有巨大价值.对于工业而言,这些方法支持新化学纤维材料的过程开发,也可用于生产后的质量控制.