Application of hydrophobic ionic liquid [Bmmim][PF6] in solvent extraction for oily sludge

In this study, an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-2,3-dimmmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmmim][PF₆]), was used in combination with a composite solvent of methyl acetate and n-heptane to enhance the oil extraction from oily sludge. The oil recovery increased by approximately 15% compared with that of solvent extraction without [Bmmim][PF₆] at the optimal ratios of IL to sludge and solvents to sludge, which were at 2:5 (M/M) and 4:1 (V/M), respectively. The saturate, aromatic, resin and asphaltene (SARA) analysis revealed that the recovery of resins and asphaltenes was increased by 14% and 38%, respectively, in the solvent extraction with the addition of [Bmmim][PF₆]. [Bmmim][PF₆] maintained a good performance after its reuse four times. The addition of [Bmmim][PF₆] changed the adhesion forces between oil and soil. The IL-assisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, while the unassisted solvent extraction procedure followed the pseudo first-order kinetic model. The results also demonstrated that [Bmmim][PF₆] decreased the solvent consumption by approximately 60% each time. Additionally, [Bmmim][PF₆] can be easily separated. The results suggested that enhancing the solvent extraction with this IL is a promising way to recover oil from oily sludge with a higher oil recovery rate and lower organic solvent consumption than those with the unassisted solvent extraction method.     

[PAMIM][PF6]离子液体作为气相色谱固定相的研究

以1-甲基咪唑、氯丙烯、六氟磷酸钾为原料合成了一种聚合离子液体聚-1-丙烯基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([PAMIM][PF6])。通过红外光谱法和核磁共振波谱法表征了产物的结构,通过热重分析,考察了其分解温度,并确定了此离子液体作为气相色谱固定液的最高使用温度。以离子液体作为气相色谱固定相,制备了色谱填充柱,通过对烃系物、醇系物的分离,考察了色谱柱的分离效果、极性。     

CO2萃取分离离子液体［bmim］［PF6］与萘的高压相平衡

采用紫外光谱在线检测的静态相平衡方法,在温度313～333 K、压力8～20 MPa、萘的液相浓度0.0169～0.378 mol·kg^-1的范围内,测定了CO₂+［bmim］［PF₆］+萘三元系中萘在富含CO₂相的浓度。结果表明,在所测温度和压力范围内,萘在富含CO₂相的浓度随着温度的升高而减小,随着压力的升高而增大,而且随着萘在液相中的浓度的减小而减小。在一定的温度压力条件下,萘在富含CO₂相的浓度与萘在液相中的浓度近似呈双对数线性关系。采用Chrastil缔合模型关联了所有溶解度数据,平均相对偏差为14.9 %。此外,还探讨了CO₂萃取分离离子液体与高沸点有机物的操作模式,发现釜式间歇操作较为适宜。     

Stability of penicillin G in ionic liquid [Bmim]PF6

The extraction of penicillin G by ionic liquid[Bmim]PF_6 has exhibited promising prospect.The stability of penicillin G is crucial for developing a green ionic liquid-based extraction technology.In this work,the stability of penicillin G in[Bmim]PF_6 was systematically investigated.The results showed the stability of penicillin G was significantly influenced by pH and temperature.It tended to be more stable when pH value increased from 1.5 to 4.0 and the temperature gradually decreased.The half-life(t_(1/2))of penicillin G in[Bmim]PF_6 was 17.7 h in the optimal technological condition(pH 2.0 and 10°C),which is enough for the requirement of extraction technology.The reaction of penicillin G in[Bmim]PF_6 followed the first order kinetics in the pH range 2.0–4.0.Three isomers of penicillin G were found through rearrangement at pH 2.0,and their structures were not affected by temperature.     

溶剂萃取法在含油污泥处理中的应用与研究进展

介绍了溶剂萃取法在含油污泥处理中的应用及相关研究进展,阐述了影响萃取效果的因素,介绍了萃取过程的机理与相关工艺技术.根据溶剂萃取法的特点,分析了其在含油污泥处理中的应用前景并对溶剂萃取技术的发展提出了相关建议.     

Encapsulation of ionic liquid BMIm[PF6] within polyurea microspheres

The encapsulation of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIm[PF₆]) in polyurea microspheres is demonstrated. This method is based on the encapsulation of ionic liquid within a polyurea shell by emulsification and interfacial polymerization of amine and isocyanate monomers. Emulsification of BMIm[PF₆] was performed in water or oil, enabling formation of two different BMIm[PF₆] polyurea microcapsules with different chemical features. While the BMIm[PF₆]-in-water emulsion enables the formation of BMIm[PF₆] polyurea microcapsules with regular aliphatic diamines, the BMIm[PF₆]-in-oil emulsion requires the utilization of a specific diamine functionalized with ionic liquid groups. The microcapsules were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, infrared and solid NMR.     

氢氟烃在离子液体[HMIM][PF6]中的扩散系数和亨利常数

氢氟烃+离子液体是一种非常有潜力的吸收式制冷循环工质对。利用压力衰减法测量了303.15～343.15 K范围内6种氢氟烃（R32、R125、R161、R143a、R1234yf、R152a）在离子液体1-已基-3-甲基咪唑（钅翁）六氟磷酸盐（[HMIM][PF₆]）中的扩散系数和亨利常数。结果表明：6种氢氟烃在[HMIM][PF₆]中的扩散系数和亨利常数均随着温度的升高而增大。在6种氢氟烃中,因R32在[HMIM][PF₆]中具有较大的溶解度和扩散系数,所以R32+[HMIM][PF₆]较适合作为吸收式制冷循环的工质对。最后,采用Arrhenius方程对6种氢氟烃在[HMIM][PF₆]中的扩散系数和亨利常数进行了关联,计算结果与实验数据的平均绝对相对偏差分别小于2.5%和6.0%。     

Development of energy-optimum aromatic extraction processes using ionic liquid [EMIM][NTf2]

There is industrial incentive to extract aromatics from ethylene cracker feeds, but the conventional sulfolane solvent was found not economical by Meindersma and coworkers. Ionic liquids (ILs) have long been considered alternative aromatic extraction solvents. This work develops energy-optimum aromatic extraction processes for an ethylene cracker feed using IL solvents. We avoid pitfalls of using simplified feeds and a priori thermodynamic property estimates, with the largest set of experimentally regressed UNIQUAC binary parameters for the IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis([trifluoromethyl]sulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][NTf2]). We screen process energy and operating conditions for [EMIM][NTf2] and sulfolane at varying aromatic feed contents and find [EMIM][NTf2] favorable at low aromatic feed contents. Adding light and heavy components of the ethylene cracker feed necessitates process modifications. Our novel steam-assisted extractive distillation developed for [EMIM][NTf2] is also suitable for sulfolane. We show that the [EMIM][NTf2] solvent can reduce 10.7% of energy consumption compared to sulfolane using the same novel process.     

Proposed kinetic mechanism of biodiesel production through lipase catalysed interesterification with a methyl acetate acyl acceptor and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] co‐solvent

The production of biodiesel was investigated using a lipase‐catalysed (Novozym 435) reaction involving methyl acetate and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF₆] as a co‐solvent to produce an environmentally friendly, “green” process. Experiments were conducted at various amounts of ionic liquid. The reaction mechanism was examined through use of kinetic modelling and the effect of ionic liquid was studied for the first time. Studies indicated that the reaction followed a Ping–Pong Bi–Bi mechanism, and that the ionic liquid present in the system led to reduced initial reaction rates due to mass transfer limitations.     

功能离子液体[NH_2ebim][PF_6]的合成及其吸收CO_2的研究

采用两步法合成了离子液体1-胺乙基丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([NH2ebim][PF6]),进行吸收CO2的研究。结果表明,CO2与离子液体[NH2ebim][PF6]的反应摩尔比介于0.5~1.0,模拟[NH2ebim][PF6]的溶解度参数为18.09 MPa0.5,比常规离子液体的溶解度参数更接近CO2的溶解度参数,说明[NH2ebim][PF6]与CO2有更好的互溶性,利于对CO2的吸收。     

咪唑基离子液体改性三聚氰胺阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫的研究

研究了咪唑基离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([BMIM]PF6)对三聚氰胺(C3H6N6)进行改性后对硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,改性后的C3H6N6阻燃效果明显增加,氧指数从22.3提高到24.95。在改性过程中,[BMIM]PF6的添加量对阻燃效果有明显的影响,当[BMIM]PF6与C3H6N6的质量比为4∶6时,阻燃效果最好。与改性前相比,改性后的C3H6N6可以有效的提高材料的阻燃性,水平燃烧速度从67.6 mm/min降低到33.4 mm/min。通过热分析可以看出,改性后C3H6N6阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫热分解温度升高,分解残留物增加,放热量大大减小,离子液体的加入可有效抑制硬质聚氨酯的分解,提高热稳定性。     

[Bmim][PF6]高效吸收二氯甲烷及流程模拟

采用智能重量吸附仪测量了不同温度、压力下二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim][PF6])中的溶解度,用NRTL方程建立了离子液体?二氯甲烷体系的气液平衡模型,拟合得到二元交互作用参数,计算所得的二氯甲烷溶解度与实验数据吻合良好,平均相对误差为3.16%. 构建了离子液体处理含二氯甲烷尾气及资源回收利用的常压吸收?减压闪蒸解吸工艺和模型,模型适用范围为温度278.15~308.15 K,压力0~0.1 MPa. 对吸收塔进行了模拟和灵敏度分析,获得了常温常压吸收条件下的最佳操作工艺参数.     

[Bmim][PF_6]-丁酮肟-水-硫酸铵体系液液平衡的研究

酮胺法生产丁酮肟过程中会副产含有丁酮肟的硫酸铵水溶液,需采用合适的溶剂来萃取回收其中的丁酮肟。作为可替代传统有机溶剂的"绿色溶剂",离子液体在萃取分离领域显现出良好的应用前景。测定了疏水性离子液体[Bmim][PF_6]-水-硫酸铵、[Bmim][PF6]-丁酮肟-水和[Bmim][PF_6]-丁酮肟-水-硫酸铵体系在303.15 K时的液液平衡数据,使用Bachman方程验证了实验数据的可靠性,同时计算了丁酮肟的分配系数(D)。在此基础上,考察了萃取时间、硫酸铵浓度和丁酮肟浓度对硫酸铵水溶液中丁酮肟的萃取效果的影响。实验结果表明,萃取较快达到平衡且效果较好。硫酸铵能提高萃取效果,且硫酸铵浓度越大,萃取效果越好。最后使用Rajendran改进的Eisen-Joffe方程对所得[Bmim][PF_6]-丁酮肟-水-硫酸铵体系的液液平衡数据进行了关联计算,结果表明计算值与实验值符合较好。研究结果能为工业上利用离子液体[Bmim][PF_6]萃取硫酸铵水溶液中的低浓度丁酮肟提供一定的参考。     

离子液体[bmim][Tf2N]的分子动力学模拟

建立了离子液体1-正丁基3-甲基咪唑双（三氟甲基磺酰基）酰亚胺（[bmim][Tf₂N]）的全原子模型,并分别在五种不同的温度和五种不同的压力下对其进行了分子动力学模拟。将[bmim][Tf₂N]密度的模拟结果与实验结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好,验证了模型准确性。此外,还对[bmim][Tf₂N]内部的相互作用能随温度和压力的变化规律进行了分析,结果表明：离子液体内部的库仑能、范德华能、长程作用能均随温度的升高而增加,系统达到平衡所需时间随之变短;相对温度而言,压力对离子液体内部相互作用能的影响较小;在各种相互作用能中,范德华能随温度和压力的变化最大;温度和压力对离子液体的构型不会产生影响。     

溶析结晶法在离子液体[ C5mim][OAc]合成中的应用

研究了用溶析结晶法辅助合成一种新型的碱性离子液体:1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑醋酸盐([C5mim] [OAc]),并通过1HNMR进行了表征.合成[c5mim][ OAc]所需中间体溴代1-甲基-3-戊基咪唑[C5mim][ Br],因其凝固点很低给重结晶纯化带来了难度.基于这一点,本文提出了用二次去离子水作为析出剂进行离...     

利用离子液体[BMIM]2[CR]萃取牛血清蛋白的研究

利用离子交换过程将亲和性染料刚果红合成为[BMIM]2[CR]，并进行牛血清蛋白萃取实验。研究结果表明，[BMIM]2[CR]离子液体的浓度为10mmol／L，萃取时间为30min以及溶液呈酸性时，对牛血清蛋白的萃取效果最佳，可达90％以上。该研究可为[BMIM]2[CR]实际蛋白质萃取应用中提供一定的可行性条件。     

［Bmim］PF6离子液体中微波辅助制备纳米TiO2/PMMA及其光催化活性

微波加热法合成 ［Bmim］PF₆离子液体,以该离子液体为反应介质,在微波辐射条件下制备纳米TiO₂/PMMA复合材料,并在高压汞灯下用甲基橙溶液对其进行光催化降解性能测试,并用XRD、IR、SEM、TG和BET等对该复合材料的结构进行测试和表征。结果表明,制备TiO₂/PMMA复合材料的最佳条件：［Bmim］PF₆ 2.0 mL,钛酸丁酯与甲基丙烯酸甲酯的体积比为3.4∶1.0,微波辐射功率700 W,反应温度80 ℃,反应时间35 min。用［Bmim］PF₆离子液体作反应介质,制备的TiO₂/PMMA复合材料不需高温焙烧就表现出极高的光催化活性,对甲基橙降解率在1 h可达到99.2%,活性明显优于用［Bmim］BF₄离子液体作反应介质时所制备的同种材料的活性。     

功能离子液体[NH_2ebim][PF_6]的合成及其吸收CO_2的研究

采用两步法合成了离子液体1-胺乙基丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([NH2ebim][PF6]),进行吸收CO2的研究。结果表明,CO2与离子液体[NH2ebim][PF6]的反应摩尔比介于0.5¹.0,模拟[NH2ebim][PF6]的溶解度参数为18.09 MPa0.5,比常规离子液体的溶解度参数更接近CO2的溶解度参数,说明[NH2ebim][PF6]与CO2有更好的互溶性,利于对CO2的吸收。     

A more efficient synthetic process of N-arylphthalimides in ionic liquid [bmim][BF4]

Two room temperature ionic liquids were used to catalyze N-alkylation of phthalic anhydride and aromatic amines without requiring any other organic solvent and catalyst. The comparative study shows that [bmim][BF₄] is more suitable to synthesize N-arylphthalimides due to its easy handling. IR, UV, and ¹H NMR spectroscopy for partial products were made.     

Catalytic epoxidation of cyclooctene using molybdenum(VI) compounds and urea-hydrogen peroxide in the ionic liquid [bmim]PF6

Commercially available molybdenum(VI) compounds are shown to be good catalysts in the epoxidation of cyclooctene with the urea-hydrogen peroxide adduct (UHP) in the ionic liquid 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, [bmim]PF₆. The cyclooctene oxide was isolated by simple extraction with organic solvent and the ionic liquid-catalyst mixture recycled and reused.