基于Yb∶YAG/Cr~(4+)∶YAG/YAG键合晶体的被动调Q激光器

为了研究键合晶体在被动调Q激光器上的应用优势,采用Yb∶YAG/Cr~(4+)∶YAG/YAG键合晶体搭建了紧凑的端面泵浦被动调Q激光器,获得了高效的1 030nm和515nm脉冲激光。实验研究了泵浦功率和初始透过率T0对各项激光性能的影响,结果在T0=95%时得到了平均功率为1.97 W的1 030nm激光,对应33%的斜效率,而当T0=85%时输出的1 030nm脉冲峰值功率高达87kW,脉冲宽度低至3.14ns。另外在与LBO的倍频实验中,用T0=90%的键合晶体获得了较高的绿光输出功率634mW,对应11.2%的斜效率和15ns的脉冲宽度。最后还研究了光谱的红移和输出镜的漏光现象,找出进一步提高绿光功率的方法。     

A repetitive S-band long-pulse relativistic backward-wave oscillator

This paper presents both numerical and experimental studies of a repetitive S-band long-pulse relativistic backward-wave oscillator. The dispersion relation curve of the main slow-wave structure is given by the numerical calculation. Experimental results show that a 1 GW microwaves with pulse duration of about 100 ns (full width of half magnitude) under 10 Hz repetitive operation mode are obtained. The microwave frequency is 3.6 GHz with the dominant mode of TM(01), and power conversion efficiency is about 20%. The single pulse energy is about 100 J. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation ones. By analyzing the experimental phenomenon, we obtain the conclusion that the explosive emission on the surface of the electrodynamics structure in intense radio frequency field mainly leads to the earlier unexpected termination of microwave output.     

Note: resonant microwave compressor with two output ports for synchronous energy extraction

The brief theoretical analysis shows the resonant microwave compressor provides the output pulse power higher than the traveling wave power in the storage cavity. The experimental study was made with the model of the S-band microwave compressor. The power of pulses generated by the device reached the value three times as much as the value of the traveling wave power in the storage cavity at the maximum amplification 23 dB, peak power 400 MW, and pulse width 4-5 ns.     

Recent progress of the improved magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator

The improved magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is a gigawatt-class L-band high power microwave tube driven by a 550 kV, 57 kA, 50 ns electron beam. It has allowed us to generate 2.4 GW pulse of 22 ns duration. The recent progress of the improved MILO is presented in this paper. First, a field shaper cathode is introduced into the improved MILO to avoid the cathode flares in the triple point region. The experimental results show that the cathode flares are avoided, so the lifetime of the velvet cathode is longer than that of the taper cathode. Furthermore, the shot-to-shot reproducibility is better than that of the taper cathode. Second, In order to prolong the pulse duration and increase the radiated microwave power, a self-built 600 kV, 10 Omega, 80 ns pulser: SPARK-03 is employed to drive the improved MILO. Simulation and experimental investigation are performed. In simulation, when the improved MILO is driven by a 600 kV, 57 kA electron beam, high-power microwave is generated with output power of 4.15 GW, frequency of 1.76 GHz, and relevant power conversion efficiency of 12.0%. In experiments, when the diode voltage is 550 kV and current is 54 kA, the measured results are that the radiated microwave power is above 3.1 GW, the pulse duration is above 40 ns, the microwave frequency is about 1.755 GHz, and the power conversion efficiency is about 10.4%.     

采用马赫-曾德尔干涉法测量单晶硅在线应力损伤

开展了毫秒脉冲激光辐照单晶硅的实验研究,基于马赫-曾德尔干涉技术测量了毫秒脉冲激光与单晶硅相互作用过程中的在线应力损伤。用COMSOL Multiphysics有限元仿真软件建立了毫秒脉冲激光辐照单晶硅的数值仿真模型。从理论和实验两方面探讨了毫秒脉冲激光与单晶硅作用时,相同脉宽不同能量密度下应力场随时间的演变规律。进一步研究了干涉条纹的处理方法,基于传统x轴投影法提出了用45°投影法来计算材料各方向上的应变,并对两种处理方法得到的实验结果进行了对比。结果显示:与仿真结果相比,x轴投影法实验结果的误差为9.5%~29.3%,而45°投影法实验结果的误差为0.1%~22.6%,表明用马赫-曾德尔干涉法测量激光辐照单晶硅产生的在线应力损伤时,采用45°投影法计算材料各方向上的应变结果更为准确。该实验和计算方法为单晶硅在线应力损伤的研究提供了理论和实验上的指导。     

基于LCP径向偏振光输出的掺镱MOPA脉冲光纤激光器

为实现光纤激光器径向偏振光的高效输出,提出并搭建了基于液晶聚合物(LCP)的纳秒脉冲掺镱(Yb)主振荡器功率放大(MOPA)系统。该系统采用空间相位转换法,利用LCP涡旋半波片将全光纤MOPA激光器输出的高峰值功率、窄线宽、线偏振、高斯形分布的纳秒脉冲信号转换为横向强度呈空心环状分布的拉盖尔-高斯光。MOPA激光器系统由窄线宽连续种子源、电光强度调制器和后续的5级YDF放大器组成,通过实验获得了20.1 W的稳定LP01模输出。而后的LCP涡旋波片用作空间模式转换器,最终获得的平均输出功率为19.5 W,脉宽为10 ns,重复频率为10 kHz,横向剖面呈规则空心环形的径向偏振光输出,模式转换效率可达97%。另外,通过PBS测量法测得径向偏振光的模式纯度约为88.5%,兼具高功率与高纯度的优势。     

A compact, low jitter, nanosecond rise time, high voltage pulse generator with variable amplitude

In this paper, a compact, low jitter, nanosecond rise time, command triggered, high peak power, gas-switch pulse generator system is developed for high energy physics experiment. The main components of the system are a high voltage capacitor, the spark gap switch and R = 50 Ω load resistance built into a structure to obtain a fast high power pulse. The pulse drive unit, comprised of a vacuum planar triode and a stack of avalanche transistors, is command triggered by a single or multiple TTL (transistor-transistor logic) level pulses generated by a trigger pulse control unit implemented using the 555 timer circuit. The control unit also accepts user input TTL trigger signal. The vacuum planar triode in the pulse driving unit that close the first stage switches is applied to drive the spark gap reducing jitter. By adjusting the charge voltage of a high voltage capacitor charging power supply, the pulse amplitude varies from 5 kV to 10 kV, with a rise time of <3 ns and the maximum peak current up to 200 A (into 50 Ω). The jitter of the pulse generator system is less than 1 ns. The maximum pulse repetition rate is set at 10 Hz that limited only by the gas-switch and available capacitor recovery time.     

准基模纯风冷激光二极管泵浦Nd∶YAG激光器

介绍一种纯风冷激光二极管泵浦的脉冲Nd∶YAG激光器,单脉冲能量250mJ,重复频率25Hz,脉冲宽度7ns,光光转换效率13.6%。激光器输出为准基模,垂直和水平方向的M2值测量结果分别为2.81和4.09。同样结构下将风冷系统换成风冷水冷结合方式,激光器脉冲能量345mJ,重复频率提高到50Hz,光光转换效率上升为15.2%。两种形式的激光器连续工作时间5min,并进行了高温+55℃和低温-25℃的环境试验。     

Acousto-optic modulator system for femtosecond laser pulses

Femtosecond laser pulses have made a revolution in multiphoton excitation microscopy, micromachining, and optical storage for their unprecedented high peak power. However, modulation of their intensity with acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is frustrated by dispersion which results in a significant stretch in pulse width. Here we report a scheme composed of two acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to modulate the intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses with simultaneous compensation for the temporal dispersion. With commercial AODs, we demonstrated such an AOM system for the femtosecond laser pulses with overall transmission efficiency of around 80%. The pulse width of the exit beam is 115-177 fs for an input pulse of 110 fs, across the wavelength range of 720-920 nm when the temporal dispersion compensation is optimally tuned at 800 nm. The fluorescence intensity in a two-photon microscopy experiment performed using this system increased 5.5-fold over that of the uncompensated AOM.     

Ultrafast optical pulse delivery with fibers for nonlinear microscopy

Nonlinear microscopies including multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy and multiple-harmonic generation microscopy have recently gained popularity for cellular and tissue imaging. The optimization of these imaging methods for minimally invasive use requires optical fibers to conduct light into tight space, where free-space delivery is difficult. The delivery of high-peak power laser pulses with optical fibers is limited by dispersion resulting from nonlinear refractive index responses. In this article, we characterize a variety of commonly used optical fibers in terms of how they affect pulse profile and imaging performance of nonlinear microscopy; the following parameters are quantified: spectral bandwidth and temporal pulse width, two-photon excitation efficiency, and optical resolution. A theoretical explanation for the measured performance of these fibers is also provided.     

A modularized pulse forming line using glass-ceramic slabs

In our lab, a kind of glass-ceramic slab has been chosen to study the issues of applying solid-state dielectrics to pulse forming lines (PFLs). Limited by the manufacture of the glass-ceramic bulk with large sizes, a single ceramic slab is hard to store sufficient power for the PFL. Therefore, a modularized PFL design concept is proposed in this paper. We regard a single ceramic slab as a module to form each single Blumlein PFL. We connect ceramic slabs in series to enlarge pulse width, and stack the ceramic Blumlein PFLs in parallel to increase the output voltage amplitude. Testing results of a single Blumlein PFL indicate that one ceramic slab contributes about 11 ns to the total pulse width which has a linear relation to the number of the ceramic slabs. We have developed a prototype facility of the 2-stage stacked Blumlein PFL with a length of 2 ceramic slabs. The PFL is dc charged up to 5 kV, and the output voltage pulse of 10 kV, 22 ns is measured across an 8 Ω load. Simulation and experiment results in good agreement demonstrate that the modularized design is reasonable.     

纳秒级脉冲电源的研制

根据微细电化学加工的工艺特点,采用FPGA和MOSFET设计了双MOSFET的电化学加工纳秒级脉冲电源。该脉冲电源可以提供脉宽和脉问以及占空比可调的纳秒级脉冲,输出脉宽最小可达40ns,提高了加工过程的稳定性和加工极限能力;并利用阳极腐蚀结合湿印章的“电化学湿印章技术”实现了微细电化学加工,获得了较高的分辨率。     

基于FPGA的脉冲信号发生器设计

基于FPGA并运用DDS技术的相关理论,通过模块化设计,使标准脉冲信号发生器达到较高的性能指标,能够产生1~100kHz线性可调的脉冲,脉冲分辨率达100Hz,上升沿及下降沿为2.5ns,脉冲宽度从200ns~5μs可调,脉宽分辨率50ns,满足集成电路的脉冲驱动要求。     

IGBT半桥逆变式电火花加工脉冲电源

提出了逆变式电火花加工脉冲电源的工作原理,选用了半桥主回路结构和ＩＧＢＴ功率开关器件研制新型脉冲电源,总结了新型脉冲电源中高频变压器工作磁通密度、输出回路滤波电感和ＲＣ吸收网络的设计方法。工艺实验表明,新型脉冲电源在满足电火花粗、中加工性能要求的同时,将电能利用率由低于２５％提高到８０％以上,体积降低到原来的十分之一。     

电火花加工中数控脉冲电源的设计

基于单片机AT89C52设计了一种新型CNC电火花加工机床用的数控脉冲电源，该电源脉冲宽度和脉冲间隙数控可调，在软件中利用模糊控制算法实现对加工状态的闭环控制。试验证明间隙电压稳定可靠，系统高效节能。     

A compact high power pulsed modulator based on spiral Blumlein line

A compact high power pulsed modulator based on spiral water Blumlein line, which consists of primary storage capacitors, a Tesla transformer, a spiral Blumlein line of water dielectric, and a field-emission diode, is described. The experimental results showed that the diode voltage is more than 500 kV, the electron beam current of diode is about 32 kA, and the pulse duration is about 180 ns. The distributions for electrical field in the spiral water Blumlein line were obtained by the simulations. In addition, the process of the charging a spiral Blumlein line was simulated through the PSPICE software to get the wave form of charging voltage of pulse forming line, the diode voltage, and diode current of modulator. The theoretical and simulated results are in agreement. This accelerator is very compact and works stably and reliably.     

基于外差检测原理的绝对测距性能理论研究

基于双光学频率梳外差原理测距将长模糊距离、高精度和高更新率3个关键测距特性完美结合,使测量性能能够满足航空航天、科学研究和工业生产等众多领域的需求。然而所使用的双光学频率梳的脉冲时域宽度、重复频率及相对差值、脉冲的固有时间抖动等特性都将会影响测距的性能。对基于双光学频率梳外差原理测距进行了全面的理论分析,并数值模拟了数据脉冲宽度、双光学频率梳重复频率差、啁啾参量、定时噪声、脉冲类型等各因素对测距性能的影响。模拟结果在数值上验证了奈奎斯特采样定律对测距精度的显著影响,表明实验中数据脉冲宽度和重频差的选择应严格满足奈奎斯特采样定律;当飞秒脉冲序列存在一定的时间抖动时,重频差越小,测距性能越差;而脉冲的啁啾特性可转化为脉冲宽度的影响,随着啁啾的增大脉冲宽度被压窄,奈奎斯特采样频率对应的重频差临界值也会变小。通过上述数值分析,为研究人员在特定实验条件下优化测距性能提供了重要指导。     

Predicting the oil cooler fan performance of large-sized diesel engines by changing the outlet and torsion angles

This study analyzed how the outlet and torsion angles of an oil cooler fan in large-sized diesel engines affect the performance of the fan using a numerical analysis method. The discharge flow rate, theoretical power, and efficiency were numerically calculated at the variable outlet and torsion angles. Results showed that the discharge flow rate slightly increased with increased outlet angle, leading to increased theoretical power and efficiency. The outlet-side blade also came closer to a vertical position with smaller torsion angle for higher performance of the fan. To verify the numerical analysis results, an experiment was conducted according to AMCA Standard 210–99 and the results were compared. The performance curve of the experimental and numerical analysis results indicated about 3% error.     

测色仪中光电倍增管的电源设计

光电倍增管对电压的稳定性要求比较高。论述了电源设计的三种方案并详细地论述了采用 SG35 2 4脉宽调制器的方案 ,最后给出了由 SG35 2 4构成的电路原理图并得出了实验调试的结果