镧掺杂对钛酸铅粉体形貌及粒径的影响

稀土掺杂钛酸铅系陶瓷是一类重要的电子陶瓷材料,其表面形貌及粒径对材料性能有显著影响。采用水热法,以三水合乙酸铅和钛酸四丁酯为主要原料合成了一系列镧掺杂量不同的钛酸铅粉体,利用XRD、SEM、EDS、LPA等手段对粉体的物相、表面形貌及粒径进行了表征。结果表明:水热条件下制得的粉体中只有极少的镧(Ⅲ)取代铅(Ⅱ)进入晶格,大部分则以氢氧化镧的形式存在于晶粒间界处或被吸附在颗粒表面。未进入晶格的镧使晶粒产生择优取向,生长成棒状。粉体的粒径也因镧的引入而发生规律性变化。随着镧掺杂量的增加,粒径先减小后增大,当掺杂量x=0.05时出现临界点。     

水热合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结性能研究

以Ri4TbO12材料为研究对象，通过：XRD，SEM，TEM和BET表征手段，探讨了固相法和水热法制备工艺，放电等离子体烧结(spark plasma sintering，SPS)和普通烧结对Bi4Ti3O12粉体烧结性能及其陶瓷显微结构的影响。水热合成法使传统固相合成钛酸铋粉体的烧结温度从1000℃降低到900℃，而SPS进一步降低了水热合成Bi4Ti3O12粉体的烧结温度约130℃；固相合成和水热合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后的最高体密度分别为7．94g／cm^3(98％)和7．67g／cm。(95．6％)。固相合成钛酸铋粉体普通烧结后，显微结构均匀。晶粒大约2～3gm；水热合成粉体SPS烧结后，晶粒接近等轴状，粒径尺寸介于175～200ilm之间，分布均匀，随着烧结温度的升高，Bi4Ti3O12陶瓷的晶粒从等轴状长大变成片状，并且呈现出明显的定向排列。     

水热法制备钛酸铋粉体的研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液和Bi（NO3）3·5H2O为原料．NaOH为矿化剂，其摩尔配比的关系为TiCl：Bi（NO3）3·5H2O：NaOH=0．1：0．75：1．5．用水热法合成钙钛矿结构的钛酸铋粉体。讨论了水热合成条件（前驱物和粉体处理、晶化时间、填充率）对钛酸铋粉体结构和形貌的影响。XRD、SEM分析表明，在240℃，晶化时间16h，填充比为60％的条件下，可制备平均晶粒粒径为9～12nm，团聚较轻，颗粒边界明显．球形的钛酸铋粉体。     

钛酸铅系电子陶瓷及粉体的制备方法

综述了钛酸铅系电子陶瓷及粉体的制备方法，主要讨论了水热法和溶胶一凝胶法的制备原理及影响产物性能的因素。为钛酸铅系功能陶瓷及材料的研究指明了方向。即用最新方法制备超纯、超细粉体，以先进技术指导合成降低反应温度并制备出功能复合材料。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅

纳米钛酸铅是一种应用广泛的压电材料。采用溶胶-凝胶法研究了纳米钛酸铅的制备,考察了凝胶的煅烧温度、反应物的浓度及溶胶的反应温度对纳米颗粒粒径的影响和变化规律。研究表明,控制钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度为0.100～1.000 mol/L、醋酸铅-醋酸浓度为0.500～1.500 mol/L、溶胶反应温度为70～90℃、凝胶煅烧温度为400～800℃,可制备出平均粒径在20～50 nm范围的近似球形的四方相纳米钛酸铅。制备条件对纳米钛酸铅的粒径有显著影响:随溶胶反应温度和凝胶煅烧温度的升高,所制备纳米钛酸铅平均粒径增大;当醋酸铅-醋酸溶液浓度为1.500 mol/L,随钛酸丁酯-醇溶液浓度由0.100 mol/L增大至1.000 mol/L,所制备纳米钛酸铅粒径先增大后减小。制备粒径可控的纳米钛酸铅对其性能及应用具有重要的价值。     

沉淀溶出法制备纳米钛酸锌粉体

就纳米钛酸锌（ＺｎＴｉＯ３）粉体的沉淀溶出法制备条件进行了探讨,发现在６００℃煅烧１ｈ,即可制得氧化锌－钛酸锌复合粉体,其粒径２０～５０ｎｍ;将复合粉体中过剩的氧化锌溶出,继续在７００℃于马弗炉内煅烧１ｈ．能得到晶型较好的白色球状钛酸锌粉体,粒径约３０～６０ｎｍ。     

水热合成镧掺杂钛酸铋粉体的初步研究

初步研究了镧掺杂钛酸铋粉体的水热合成工艺,借助XRD及TEM对粉体的组成、结构、晶粒度及粉体形貌进行了研究。结果表明:合成该粉体的最佳工艺条件为240℃保温6h;粉体的微观形貌呈片状;镧的掺杂抑制了钛酸铋晶体的生长。     

机械力化学法制备超细钛酸镁粉体

以碱式碳酸镁、二氧化钛为原料,采用机械力化学法合成超细钛酸镁粉体.采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、差热分析仪等对材料在制备过程中的晶粒形貌、固态相变和热稳定性进行了分析.结果表明:随着球磨过程的进行,物料很快细化,球磨30 h后,粉体粒径在2～5 μm.高能球磨破坏了粉体的晶体结构,随着球磨时间的增加,混合物粉体的比表面积增加,球磨时间达到30 h时,粉体呈现无定形状态,粉体经热处理结晶生成钛酸镁,结晶温度大大降低,由1 000℃降到700℃.     

四方相钛酸铅陶瓷的制备及表征

为了获得致密的钛酸铅陶瓷,用水热法合成的纯四方相钛酸铅纳米晶作粉体原料,采用传统方法,在不同氛围和温度下进行烧结.经X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析,发现当以纯钛酸铅纳米晶作粉体原料时,即使采用传统烧结方法也可获得结构致密的纯四方相钛酸铅陶瓷,且敞口未粉埋的烧结氛围有利于陶瓷的致密化;烧结过程基本不存在氧化铅的挥发;烧结温度对钛酸铅的生长形态具有决定作用,烧结温度不同钛酸铅晶体的生长形态不同;在烧结过程中钛酸铅晶粒呈层状生长.     

pH对溶胶-凝胶法合成钛酸镍纳米晶的影响

以无机镍盐和钛酸四丁酯为起始原料,乙醇为溶剂,柠檬酸为螯合剂,乙酰丙酮为络合剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法在不同的pH下制备了钛酸镍纳米晶。采用X射线衍射(XRD) 、综合热分析仪（TG-DSC）以及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对制备的纳米晶进行了测试和表征。结果表明：NiTiO3的合成温度为550～700 ℃;在酸性条件下更易获得单一物相的钛酸镍纳米晶;并且随着pH的增加,粉体的纯度降低,平均粒径有增大的趋势;当pH为0.5时,粉体为单一物相的钛酸镍纳米晶,且晶粒形貌为六方形。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。