改进交织的单层极化码高阶编码调制系统

极化码作为一种新型编码方式,被采纳为5G通信中的短码方案。本文将极化码应用到比特交织编码调制（Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation,BICM）系统,优化交织器的设计,提出了一种新型交织算法。相比于现有的交织算法,新型交织算法的提出是基于比特信道可靠性衡量参数,将高可靠性的比特信道与低可靠性的比特信道交错设计,按照高可靠性信道对低可靠性信道辅助译码的方式,提高极化码的纠错性能。由于新型交织算法只存在于比特信道可靠度参数的简单排序,在复杂度上没有明显增加。仿真结果表明:新型交织算法具有优异的性能,当误码率为10-5,码长为256时,采用新型交织算法的极化码BICM系统与LDPC码的BICM系统相比大约有1.51 dB的增益。      

Turbo codes-based image transmission for channels with multiple types of distortion

Product codes are generally used for progressive image transmission when random errors and packet loss (or burst errors) co-exist. However, the optimal rate allocation considering both component codes gives rise to high-optimization complexity. In addition, the decoding performance may be degraded quickly when the channel varies beyond the design point. In this paper, we propose a new unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for progressive image transmission by using rate-compatible punctured Turbo codes (RCPT) and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes only. By sophisticatedly interleaving each coded frame, the packet loss can be converted into randomly punctured bits in a Turbo code. Therefore, error control in noisy channels with different types of errors is equivalent to dealing with random bit errors only, with reduced turbo code rates. A genetic algorithm-based method is presented to further reduce the optimization complexity. This proposed method not only gives a better performance than product codes in given channel conditions but is also more robust to the channel variation. Finally, to break down the error floor of turbo decoding, we further extend the above RCPT/CRC protection to a product code scheme by adding a Reed-Solomon (RS) code across the frames. The associated rate allocation is discussed and further improvement is demonstrated.     

一种基于增强奇偶校验码级联极化码的新型编译码方法

极化码作为一种纠错码,具有较好的编译码性能,已成为5G短码控制信道的标准编码方案。但在码长较短时,其性能不够优异。提出一种基于增强奇偶校验码级联极化码的新型编译码方法,在原有的奇偶校验位后设立增强校验位,对校验方程中信道可靠度较低的信息位进行双重校验,辅助奇偶校验码在译码过程中对路径进行修剪,以此提高路径选择的可靠性。仿真结果表明,在相同信道、相同码率码长下,本文提出的新型编译码方法比循环冗余校验(cyclic redundancy check,CRC)码级联极化码、奇偶校验(parity check,PC)码级联极化码误码性能更优异。在高斯信道下,当码长为128、码率为1/2、误码率为10-3时,本文提出的基于增强PC码级联的极化码比PC码级联的极化码获得了约0.3 dB增益,与CRC辅助的极化码相比获得了约0.4 dB增益。     

比特交织Turbo编码调制的8PSK符号映射

基于对Turbo编码器输出的系统比特和校验比特的不等错误保护(UEP),提出了一种新的比特交织Turbo编码调制(BITCM)的8PSK符号映射方案,即对于码率为1/3的Turbo码,校验比特映射到8PSK星座点中具有较好传输性能的比特位置上,而系统比特映射到较差传输性能的比特位置上。实现新映射方案的关键是比特交织器的设计。仿真结果表明,新的映射方案在AWGN信道下,误码率为10-3时,可获得大于0.2dB的信噪比增益,而这一增益的获得并没有牺牲频谱效率和增加系统的复杂性。     

An improved construction algorithm of polar codes based on the frozen bits

In order to improve the problems that the minimum hamming weight(MHW) of the polar codes of the traditional Gaussian approximation(GA) construction is small and its performance is not good enough, an improved channel construction algorithm of polar codes based on frozen bits is proposed by combining the construction of the Reed-Muller(RM) code to effectively increase the MHW and analyzing the correcting and checking functions of the frozen bits in the successive cancellation list(SCL) decoding. ...     

Performance of RS coded M-ary modulation with and without symbol overlapping

In this paper, we present analytical bit error probability results for M-ary modulation concatenated with Reed Solomon (RS) codes. The analysis of bit error probability is nontrivial as the number of bits per symbol for the RS codes may not be an integer multiple of the number of bits per symbol for a modulation symbol. We propose a Markov chain technique which allows analytical evaluation of the bit error probability for such cases. The performance of RS coding with coherent biorthogonal, coherent/non-coherent orthogonal modulation over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is evaluated. Simulation of the bit error probability of RS code concatenated with a Nordstrom Robinson (NR) code as an inner code is performed and compared with the case of biorthogonal modulation. From the results, we notice that a stronger inner code gives better bit error probability. In addition, the throughput of the coded system with biorthogonal modulation over an AWGN channel is discussed. For a Rayleigh flat fading and block fading channel, we analyze the bit error probability of RS codes concatenated with biorthogonal modulation. From the result, we notice that a stronger outer code gives a better bit error probability for the case of Rayleigh flat fading channel.     

LT码和q-LDPC码级联方案在深空通信中的应用

该文针对深空通信对长纠删码的需求,提出了LT (Luby Transform)码和q-LDPC码的级联方案。在综合考虑性能和复杂度的情况下,选取8-LDPC码和8PSK的级联作为等效的删除信道,长度选择灵活、编译码简单的LT码实现纠删功能。文中设计了两种短8-LDPC码,并对整个级联系统的纠错性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明8-LDPC码的性能优于信源信息速率和码率相同的二进制LDPC码,级联系统在等效包删除概率不超过0.1时,系统误比特率以概率1趋于0。     

高阶调制系统下LDPC码优化设计

为了提高编码调制系统的整体编码增益,提出一种高阶调制系统下LDPC码的度分布优化方法.根据高阶调制符号中不同比特的误比特特性,将调制符号所经历信道建模为一组对称二进制输入加性高斯信道.在此基础上,推导了高阶调制系统下LDPC码高斯近似密度进化分析方法,并得到译码收敛条件.结合度分布约束关系及译码收敛条件,提出高阶调制系统下LDPC码的度分布优化问题及差分进化实现方法.仿真结果表明,设计的LDPC码在高阶调制系统中的渐进性能和误码性能优于基于比特优化映射的编码调制方案.     

Adaptive Transmission with Variable-Rate Turbo Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation

We study an adaptive transmission scheme based on variable-rate turbo bit-interleaved coded modulation (VR- Turbo-BICM). The proposed coding scheme employs punctured turbo codes. A continuously varying transmission rate can be obtained by changing the code rate through both puncturing of the coded bits and adapting of the modulation constellation size. The main results are elaborated in two parts. First, we derive a closed-form expression for a set of achievable rate bounds (called rate thresholds) for VR-Turbo-BICM by employing recent results on the parallel channel performance of turbo code ensembles and the BICM parallel channel analysis model. The derived rate threshold is expressed as a fraction of the capacity of BICM with Gray mapping, where this fraction is a turbo code weight spectrum parameter. Simulation results illustrate that introduced rate thresholds predict well the rate versus SNR performance of VR-Turbo-BICM for a wide range of codeword error probabilities and codeword lengths. Next, based on a simplified rate threshold, we derive a power, puncturing rate, and modulation constellation size assignment policy for a slow fading channel.     

一种适用于大气弱湍流信道的极化纠错编码调制方案

针对服从对数正态分布的大气弱湍流信道模型,基于高斯近似的方法计算分析信道的极化现象,提出了一种适用于大气弱湍流信道的极化编码调制方案,并对其性能进行了仿真分析.不同湍流强度下采用串行抵消译码算法时的仿真结果表明,相比于递归构造方案,文中所提方案在达到1e-5误码率时可获得大约1.0dB到1.4dB的编码增益提升.对极化码分别采用开关键控（OOK）调制与脉冲位置调制（PPM）时的仿真结果表明,采用2-PPM的极化编码调制方案可有效提升无线光通信链路在弱湍流条件下的译码纠错性能.     

一种基于PPM的LDPC编译码方案

该文基于LDPC码和PPM调制方式构造了一种适用于UWB无线通信系统的低码率的编译码方案LDPC-PPM。本方案在保证系统性能的前提下,通过改变编码比特到调制符号的映射方式,不但避免了一般编码调制系统中译码和解调之间的迭代运算,而且可以应用快速Hadamard变换(FHT)和基于FHT的后验概率译码(APP-FHT)来进一步降低接收端的译码复杂度。可以证明,该方案等价于BPSK调制下的低码率的LDPC-Hadamard码。仿真结果表明,在信息比特长度是65536,该方案可以在-1.18dB处达到误比特率为 的性能,仅比采用BPSK调制的Turbo-Hadamard码差0.02dB。     

基于规则变量节点度和扩展窗喷泉码的不等差错保护算法

该文提出了一种可适用于加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)信道的融合扩展窗喷泉码(Expanding Window Fountain, EWF)和规则变量节点度LT码(Regularized variable-node Luby Transform, RLT)策略的不等差错保护(UEP)算法,称为EWF-RLT编码算法。首先利用扩展窗口技术给不同重要等级的数据加窗,编码时让较高重要等级数据以更高的概率参与编码;同时,结合规则变量节点度算法,改变传统LT 码编码过程中随机选取邻居节点的编码方式,使较高重要等级的数据具有较大的最小变量节点度,改善错误平层现象。分析和仿真结果表明,该文提出的EWF-RLT算法与传统算法相比,能对较高重要等级数据进行更强的保护,提升网络传输质量;在UEP方案设计中,加入RLT码编码参数,使得该文方案更加灵活与适用。     

Improved decoding of LDPC coded modulations

A coded modulation belief propagation (CMBP) decoder is proposed for decoding LDPC codes with multilevel modulations. The decoder takes into account statistical dependencies among bits originating in the same symbol, providing better performance than the marginal BP (MBP) decoder. Asymptotically it converges to MAP decoding. The CMBP decoder is based on a single-level coding (SLC) scheme and does not suffer from practical disadvantages of multi-level coding (MLC) schemes. Furthermore, the CMBP decoder can close the capacity gap of the bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) SLC scheme. The BICM capacity gap increases when the modulation size increases and in scenarios where gray mapping is not possible.     

极化码在LTE系统中的应用

为了实现极化码在LTE系统中的应用,提出了两类LTE系统中的极化码编码调制方案:联合极化编码调制(MLC-PCM)方案和比特交织极化编码调制(BIPCM)方案.其中,MLC-PCM方案凸显了通信系统中联合极化设计对系统性能提升的重要作用.此外,由于极化码的编码码长不一定为2的幂次,因此提出了一套简单易行且性能优异的极化码速率适配打孔方案,使得极化码的码长可以任意变化.最后,将极化编码调制方案与LTE系统Turbo码编码调制方案在所有MCS等级上进行了对比,仿真结果显示,在所有MCS等级上,极化编码调制方案都有明显性能增益.     

一种用于BICM-ID系统的新颖8APSK映射方案

为了能够通过高阶调制信号增加信道容量,提高编码增益和频谱效率,对8阶振幅移相键控(APSK)星座映射方案进行优化.基于欧氏距离设计准则提出一种新颖(2,6)-scheme 8APSK映射方案,并应用于联合准循环构造法构造的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)(4599,4307)码的比特交织编码调制迭代译码(BICM-ID)系统中.信道容量仿真表明,所提方案在高、低信噪比区域都具有非常优越的互信息性能.误码率(BER)性能仿真表明,在BER为10-7时,联合LDPC(4599,4307)码的(2,6)-scheme 8APSK映射方案较(4,4)-scheme 8APSK映射方案、8PSK调制的格雷(Gray)映射、集分割(SP)映射、半集分割(SSP)映射分别提高了约0.45 dB、1.10 dB、1.62 dB、2.13 dB的编码增益.外附信息转移(EXIT)图仿真说明,所提方案能够更早地打开译码通道,从而更早地通过迭代来实现无错译码.     

Low-complexity LDPC coded BICM-ID with orthogonal modulations

A low-complexity low density parity check (LDPC) coded bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) scheme with orthogonal modulations is proposed. With a novel mapping strategy of coded bits to symbols, the proposed scheme is equivalent to a generalised LDPC code with Hadamard constraints and thus orthogonal demodulation can be merged into the iterative LDPC decoding process, resulting in a simpler implementation and a lower computational complexity.     

一种短延时Turbo编码调制系统的设计

本文设计了一种比传统体制减少了一半延时的Turbo编码调制系统,介绍了交织器的相关限制.提出了一种在译码过程中对信道值的估计方法,使得外信息的计算更加趋于精确,从而提高了译码性能.这种迭代译码算法是标准格码调制译码算法的一种自然推广,同时也类似于二元Turbo码在BPSK调制下的逐比特译码算法.采用吞吐率为2bits/s/Hz的8PSK调制,比特错误率为10^-5所需的信噪比与Shannon限相距不到0.4dB.     

Performance of channel coded noncoherent systems: modulation choice, information rate, and Markov chain Monte Carlo detection

This paper investigates performance of channel coded noncoherent systems over block fading channels. We consider an iterative system where an outer channel code is serially concatenated with an inner modulation code amenable to noncoherent detection. We emphasize that, in order to obtain near-capacity performance, the information rates of modulation codes should be close to the channel capacity. For certain modulation codes, a single-input single-output (SISO) system with only one transmit antenna may outperform a dual-input and single-output (DISO) system with two transmit antennas. This is due to the intrinsic information rate loss of these modulation codes compared to the DISO channel capacity. We also propose a novel noncoherent detector based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Compared to existing detectors, the MCMC detector achieves comparable or superior performance at reduced complexity. The MCMC detector does not require explicit amplitude or phase estimation of the channel fading coefficient, which makes it an attractive candidate for high rate communication employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and for multiple antenna channels. At transmission rates of 1 ~ 1.667 bits/sec/Hz, the proposed SISO systems employing 16QAM and MCMC detection perform within 1.6-2.3 dB of the noncoherent channel capacity achieved by optimal input.     

Concatenated block codes for unequal error protection of embedded bit streams

A state-of-the-art progressive source encoder is combined with a concatenated block coding mechanism to produce a robust source transmission system for embedded bit streams. The proposed scheme efficiently trades off the available total bit budget between information bits and parity bits through efficient information block size adjustment, concatenated block coding, and random block interleavers. The objective is to create embedded codewords such that, for a particular information block, the necessary protection is obtained via multiple channel encodings, contrary to the conventional methods that use a single code rate per information block. This way, a more flexible protection scheme is obtained. The information block size and concatenated coding rates are judiciously chosen to maximize system performance, subject to a total bit budget. The set of codes is usually created by puncturing a low-rate mother code so that a single encoder-decoder pair is used. The proposed scheme is shown to effectively enlarge this code set by providing more protection levels than is possible using the code rate set directly. At the expense of complexity, average system performance is shown to be significantly better than that of several known comparison systems, particularly at higher channel bit error rates.     

BICM-ID光通信系统中一种新颖星座映射方案的优化分析

针对传统Gray映射在中高信噪比区域内对迭代译码的比特交织编码调制(BICM-ID)光通信系统改善信道容量性能有限的问题,基于互信息准则和比特的不等保护度提出了一种新颖的16QAM星座映射方案.仿真分析表明:在中高信噪比下,所提出的新映射方案比传统Gray映射方案的信道容量最大改善值可达1.18 bit/channel.结合低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码并借助外部信息传递(EXIT)图,该方案在光通信系统中具有很好的性能优势与应用前景.