The integration of ergonomics into design—A review

Abstract

This paper examines the role of ergonomics in product and systems design. Market requirements as well as legislation have increased the use of ergonomics in design. This has increased the demands upon both ergonomists and designers. The ergonomist must learn to participate in the product development team. In return the design team must find the time and resources necessary for the inclusion of ergonomics in the development programme. This paper discusses the different roles played by the ergonomist in each stage of product and systems design. The need to give designers, engineers and management a fundamental education in ergonomics is highlighted as is the need for the ergonomist to consider the financial consequences of his work.     

Empirical Research in Software Engineering — A Literature Survey

Empirical research is playing a significant role in software engineering (SE), and it has been applied to evaluate software artifacts and technologies. There have been a great number of empirical research articles published recently. There is also a large research community in empirical software engineering (ESE). In this paper, we identify both the overall landscape and detailed implementations of ESE, and investigate frequently applied empirical methods, targeted research purposes, used data sources, and applied data processing approaches and tools in ESE. The aim is to identify new trends and obtain interesting observations of empirical software engineering across different sub-fields of software engineering. We conduct a mapping study on 538 selected articles from January 2013 to November 2017, with four research questions. We observe that the trend of applying empirical methods in software engineering is continuously increasing and the most commonly applied methods are experiment, case study and survey. Moreover, open source projects are the most frequently used data sources. We also observe that most of researchers have paid attention to the validity and the possibility to replicate their studies. These observations are carefully analyzed and presented as carefully designed diagrams. We also reveal shortcomings and demanded knowledge/strategies in ESE and propose recommendations for researchers.     

A Survey of the Rule Language RL/1

In this paper we introduced the RL project which aims to integrate logic programming,relational databases and constraint solving in a single relational framework.We gave a summary of the architecture of the RL/1 system and shorth discussed the characteristics of the RL/1 language.A target of the project has become to turn the RL/1 system into an industrial strength database interface.     

Survey of information security

The 21st century is the age of information when information becomes an important strategic resource. The information obtaining, processing and security guarantee capability are playing critical roles in comprehensive national power, and information security is related to the national security and social stability. Therefore, we should take measures to ensure the information security of our country. In recent years, momentous accomplishments have been obtained with the rapid development of information security technology. There are extensive theories about information security and technology. However, due to the limitation of length, this article mainly focuses on the research and development of cryptology, trusted computing, security of network, and information hiding, etc.     

A Substitution Based Model for the Implementation of PROLOG——The Design and Implementation of LPROLOG

Since PROLOG has been chosen as the Fifth Generation Computer's Kernal Language,it ispresently one of the hottest topics among computer scientists all over the world.Recently,theimplementation technique and the application of PROLOG have been developed rapidly.In thispaper,a new implementation scheme for PROLOG is proposed.The scheme is based on thesubstitution of instantiated veriable values.It has many advantages,such as a higher runningspeed,less main memory requirement,and easier to be implemented.The scheme has beenimplemented by the authors on IBM4341.     

Virtual Reality： A State-of-the-Art Survey

This paper presents a survey on virtual reality systems and provides an in-depth understanding toward the notion of immersion, according to the semantic meanings of the terms ``virtual' and ``reality'. The paper analyses the structure and functions of a virtual reality system and takes the three dimensional display as the immersive medium to identify the key issues for construction of virtual environments. The paper also reviews the development of virtual reality technology and introduces new image processing techniques into the design of virtual reality systems and virtual environments.     

Ethernet Topology Discovery： A Survey

Ethemet networks have undergone impressive growth since the past few decades. This growth can be appreciated in terms of the equipment, such as switches and links, that have been added, as well as in the number of users that it supports. In parallel to this expansion, over the past decade the networking research community has shown a growing interest in discovering and analyzing the Ethernet topology. Research in this area has concentrated on the theoretical analysis of Ethemet topology as well as developing tools and methods for mapping the network layout. These efforts have brought us to a crucial juncture for Ethernet topology measurement infrastructures： while, previously, these were both small （in terms of number of measurement points）, people are starting to see the deployment of large-scale distributed systems composed of hundreds or thousands of monitors. As all look forward to this next generation of systems, all take stock of what has been achieved so far. In this survey, the authors discuss past and current mechanisms for discovering the Ethernet topology from theoretical and practical prospective. In addition to discovery techniques, the authors provide insights into some of the well-known open issues related to Ethernet topology discovery.     

Explicit Substitutions: A Short Survey

CalculiofexplicitsubstitutionsareextensionsoftheA-calculusinwhichthesubstitutionsarerecordedexplicitlylbymeansofoperationsofthesyntax.ThisideafindsitsoriginsinthecategoricalinterpretationsofA-calculi,proposedbyLambekintheseventies[1].Categoriesaregraphswithcompositionofarrowstandcompositionispreciselysubstitutionincategoricallogic.TheauthorproposedintheearlyeightiestoturnthecategoricalinterpretationofA-calculusintoacompilationfromA-calculustoa(lowerlevel'languageofcategoricalcombinators[2].C…     

帝国时代Ⅱ——The Age of Kings

微软的《帝国时代》曾让多少人君临天下时感叹,一代代英雄、名士终归黄土,国运恒昌的可望而不可及。随着《罗马复兴)闪亮登场,全球又掀起了新一轮的《帝国时代》大战。不过,在为自己帝国鏖战的间隙,大家一定更盼望《帝国时代Ⅱ》早日到来,但在那个时代,我们会看到什么呢? 精美绝伦的画面 说句实话,刚开始玩《帝国时代》时主要还是被它精美的画面所吸引(至于它的AI嘛,好像需要完善的     

The Effect of Rating Scale Parameters on Rating Behaviour—A Field Validation

During a field investigation of passenger comfort 695 passengers on a cross-channel hovercraft were asked (a) to rate the temperature of the craft on a 10 cm rating line bearing one of four pairs of scale ends ‘ Pleasant—Unpleasant’ ‘Comfortable—Uncomfortable ’ ‘Agreenble—Disagreeable ’ or ‘ Hot—Cold ’ and (b) to rate the noise level in the craft on a 10 cm line which was either sectioned or unsectioned, and which bore the scale ends ‘ Very quiet—Very loud ’.

The resultant rating distributions indicated no significant difference between ratings made on the sectioned and unsectioned lines. Furthermore, the rating distributions produced from the three aesthetic scales were of the sameshape whereas the distribution of ratings made on the ‘ Hot—Cold ’ scale were significantly different both in shape and median position along the rating line, implications of those results are discussed.     

The Life of Blu-ray——蓝光生活畅想

你可知道,DVD在如日中天的今天也面临着巨大的挑战,那就是蓝光的推出,对它造成了极大的威胁,蓝光光盘作为最新的载体,有着诸多的优势,蓝光产品随着技术的进步,其系列产品价格已经为众人所接受了,家庭围绕蓝光来展开生活,已经成为一种时尚的潮流,渐渐地在潮人们生活中流行开来。     

What is a Computer? A Survey

A critical survey of some attempts to define ‘computer’, beginning with some informal ones (from reference books, and definitions due to H. Simon, A.L. Samuel, and M. Davis), then critically evaluating those of three philosophers (J.R. Searle, P.J. Hayes, and G. Piccinini), and concluding with an examination of whether the brain and the universe are computers.     

Gradient Domain Mesh Deformation - A Survey

This survey reviews the recent development of gradient domain mesh deformation method. Different to other deformation methods, the gradient domain deformation method is a surface-based, variational optimization method. It directly encodes the geometric details in differential coordinates, which are also called Laplacian coordinates in literature. By preserving the Laplacian coordinates, the mesh details can be well preserved during deformation. Due to the locality of the Laplacian coordinates, the variat...     

A Survey of Boehm's Work on the Spiral Models and COCOMO II—Towards Software Development Process Quality Improvement

Successful engineering and evaluation of complex software depends on successfully completing all the stages of the Software Development Life Cycle. There have been many models which illustrate the stages Software Engineers have to go through to produce software. This paper investigates one of these—The Spiral Model (Sommerville 1997) with particular reference to recent enhancements to it, examines the interaction of COCOMO II (19xx) within the WinWin framework, and reports on a case study using the WinWin Spiral Model (Boehm et al. 1998) to develop software.     

The Self—Determinism of Teleogenic Systems

Abstract

The existence of uncontrollable state variables is shown to be necessary for a system to be teleogenic, capable of generating its own goals. Since human beings and other living organisms are manifestly teleogenic, the behavioristic paradigm is fundamentally flawed. A triadic theory of human development, in which heredity and environment are joined by a self-determined component consisting of the evolving uncontrollable state variables, is outlined. The behavior of a simple teleoid under two different modes of development is described.