彩色不锈钢生产工艺及其耐蚀性的研究

采用添加了ＣＳ－１添加剂的常规的不锈钢着色液可以生产出彩色不锈钢。所获彩色膜除包括在常规的着色液中可获得的颜色外，还能着出茶色、咖啡色、古铜色等颜色。通过动电位扫描极化曲线等的测量和分析，研究了所得着色膜的耐蚀性能，并解释着色膜经硬化处理后，耐蚀性得到提高的原因。     

不锈钢着色工艺研究

通过正交试验研究了不锈钢着色液配方、温度、时间、电极电位对着色的影响，优化了着色工艺，获得了电极电位与颜色的良好对应关系。测试了着色膜的耐磨性、耐蚀性、变形加工性能，分析了添加剂对不锈钢着色的影响。所得膜层颜色均匀，耐磨性、耐蚀性、变形加工性能良好，工艺维护简单。     

各种因素对不锈钢化学着色的影响

本文对影响在热的CrO_3-H_2So_4溶液中不锈钢表面颜色变化的因素进行了实验.结果表明:增大CrO_3、H_2SO_4的浓度,升高着色液的温度,添加Mn(2+)都能缩短不锈钢的始着色时间;延长着色时间,将使其表面呈现灰色-蓝色-黄色-红色;添加MoO-_4离子能提高着色膜的光泽;而添加Cl~-、F~-和Cu~(2+)离子对不锈钢的着色影响不大.     

不锈钢电解着色工艺及电化学性能

对１Ｃｒ１７铁素体不锈钢电解着黑色工艺和膜层的电化学性能进行探讨。本工艺具有发黑速度快,色泽均匀,较好的抗蚀性能。电解着色不锈钢表面形成铬的复合氧化膜,增强了钝性,使得自然电位和阳极极化电位正移,提高了膜层的电化学稳定性能。     

304不锈钢化学着黑色的研究

在INCO法的基础上,通过添加辅助成膜剂和添加剂对不锈钢化学着色液的配方进行改进,采用时间-电位差法控制着色过程,在304不锈钢表面得到了黑色膜(简称304黑钛板)。实验结果表明:304黑钛板具有良好的耐蚀性能、耐磨性能和加工性能。Tafel极化曲线表明:着色膜的形成提高了304不锈钢板的阳极极化作用以及电化学稳定性。SEM和EDS分析结果表明:黑色膜均匀、致密,主要由Fe,Cr,Ni,Mn,Ce,C,O,P等元素组成。此外,初步探讨了304不锈钢表面黑色膜的成膜机理。     

不锈钢电化学着蓝色膜工艺研究

使用直流电源,研究了0Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面电化学着蓝色膜工艺。探讨了电流密度、着色时间和温度对着色膜色彩的影响。使用擦拭法测试了膜的耐擦拭性。试验了如何提高色彩的稳定性的方法。结果表明,蓝色膜的最佳电流密度控制在0.2 A/dm-2比较合适。温度和时间范围分别为40～50℃和5～15 min。着色膜具有较好的耐擦拭性和很好的附着性能。可通过调节着色液温度和成分来提高色彩的重复性。     

不锈钢化学着彩色工艺的研究

采用以CrO3和H2SO4.4H2O为主要组分加入适量MnSO4.4H2O的着色液对不锈钢进行化学着色,探讨了前处理工艺,着色液温度、质量浓度和着色时间等因素对不锈钢彩色膜的影响。经大量实验得到了最佳的着色液配方和工艺范围:240 g/LCrO3、270 mL/LH2SO4、10 g/LMnSO4.4H2O,θ为50~90℃,t为10~35min。得到了随着温度的升高和时间的延长,膜厚度增加,颜色的变化为茶色→蓝色→金黄色→紫红色→绿色。着色膜经固化处理和封闭处理,表面色彩更均匀,重现性好,耐磨性及耐蚀性明显提高。     

不锈钢化学着色研究

研究了不锈钢在H2SO4-CrO3体系中化学着色，探讨了除油、抛光、活化、前处理工艺对着色过程的影响及不同前处理对着色膜的形态、微观组织、均匀性、光亮度和重现性等的影响。同时研究了在化学着色液中加入添加剂对着色过程和色膜的影响。在前述研究的基础上探讨了最为可行的着色工艺。     

不锈钢纯黑色转化膜的制备工艺及性能表征

介绍了一种不锈钢黑色转化工艺。研究了温度和着色液主要组分对转化工艺的影响,并对黑色转化膜的成分、耐磨性、耐热性、耐蚀性等性能进行分析。得到不锈钢着黑色的最佳工艺条件为:铬酸酐175g/L,浓硫酸275mL/L,添加剂A225g/L,温度80°C。铬酸酐——浓硫酸复配组成影响转化膜的色泽和均匀性。随添加剂A含量的增加,转化膜颜色依次为灰、黑、蓝。不锈钢黑色转化膜的主要成分是Fe2O3和Cr2O3,膜厚为0.478μm,膜层黑度深,光亮度、耐热性和机械加工性能优异,耐腐蚀性和耐磨性均优于不锈钢基体。     

不锈钢阳极氧化着金黄色技术

对不锈钢阳极氧化着金黄色技术进行了研究,并利用正交试验法确定了最佳工艺,所得到的不锈钢着色膜光亮美观,呈金黄色,具有优良的耐蚀性,耐磨性和良好的附着力,在金相显微镜下观察到不锈钢着色膜为无色透明膜。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。