我省水电开发现状及加快发展的措施

黑龙江省水能资源比较丰富,水能资源理论蕴藏量8 443 MW,年发电量647.8 kw·h。集水面积50km2以上的河流可开发水能资源的装机容量为6123MW,可建0.5MW以上水电站270座,年发电量221.3kW·h。     

2018年全球水电发展现状与开发潜力分析

为全面了解全球水电发展现状,分析各国水电市场开发潜力,指导水电企业开拓国际市场,将全球划分为北美洲、南美洲、非洲、欧洲、中亚和南亚、东亚及环太平洋地区六大区域,阐述全球各区域水电发展现状,以及重点国家水电开发情况和发展目标,结合各国水力资源和开发情况,分析全球水电市场开发潜力。结果表明:全球水电总装机容量总体持续增加,但年度增量呈下降趋势;非洲、南亚及东南亚地区未来水电开发潜力较大,就技术层面分析,印度尼西亚、秘鲁、刚果(金)、塔吉克斯坦、尼泊尔、安哥拉、缅甸、玻利维亚等国未来水电市场前景广阔。     

墨西哥水电发展前景

由于居民用电和工业用电的不断增长,以及过去几年石油价格的高涨,促进了墨西哥燃气发电的快速发展。水电开发受到了来自其他发电形式的冲击和输电能力的制约,水电开发规划引起了不少争议。但从长远来看,重新评估墨西哥的水电潜力大有可能,国家电力公司仍非常重视本国水电潜力的开发。     

2021年全球水电发展现状与开发潜力分析

为全面了解全球水电发展现状、分析全球水电开发及国际水电市场发展潜力,基于国际水电协会发布的年度报告,通过分析近几年全球水电发展现状发现,全球水电总装机容量持续增加,受各国疫情防控与2050碳中和目标双重影响,2021年增量虽未达到预估的2%但较2020年增速仍有回升。结合全球水电资源开发情况,分析了全球水电开发的潜力,发现亚洲、南美洲、非洲、北美洲开发潜力较大,中国、巴西、俄罗斯、加拿大、美国水电总体发展潜力名列前茅,不丹、冰岛、巴布亚新几内亚、圭亚那、加蓬人均水电潜力较大。     

甘肃省地方水电发展历程及前景

甘肃省的水力资源理论蕴藏量位居全国１０位，全省能源供应以水电为主。甘肃省中小水电的开发锭不能满足地方经济发展对电力的，地方水电建设应保护地方工农业发展需要，加速中小水电的开发，立足于巩固发展以中小水电供电为主的地方电网，支持水力资源丰富的贫困地区发展中小水电，尽快脱贫致富。     

要根据国情大力发展水电

我国水电资源丰富,2004年底全国水电装机容量已突破1亿kW,水电开发程度约为22%.与丰富的水能资源相比,与发达国家的水电开发程度相比,我国水电开发程度还比较低.     

对2000年前发展水电的几点建议

我国可能开发的水能资源有3.78亿kW,年发电量为19200亿kW·h。到1988年止,全国水电装机容量为3270万kW,年发电量为1092亿kW·h。比建国初期的1950年,装机容量和年发电量均增加了90倍,40年来经过水电建设队伍的辛勤劳动,成绩是极伟大的。但是,至今已开发的水电装机容量只占可能开发     

水电大国的隐忧

面对频频拉响的缺电警钟,我国水电开发步伐大大加快,特别是水能资源丰富的西南地区,正经历着一个前所未有的黄金期。从目前全国电力大格局看,比例失调、结构性矛盾十分突出。多年来,在用电负荷相对集中的东部省市,火电项目四处开花。我国的煤炭储量并非世界第一,但年开采量却是     

气候变化背景下中国绿色水电评估体系探究

为了减缓温室气体排放、应对气候变化影响,以水电清洁能源与生态环境相互协调发展为核心的绿色水电评估成为研究热点。基于国内外绿色水电研究现状,提出以国际绿色水电认证体系、我国现行技术标准为基础,从防洪、航运、能源、生态环境、移民生态补偿、库区文化景观补偿等角度出发,分析长江上游典型区域梯级水电工程建设、运行各阶段对环境、经济、社会的影响,提炼出具有完备性、独立性、代表性、可比性、可操作性的指标体系,探寻我国绿色水电评价指标及其阈值。通过选择具有代表性的典型案例进行试点评估,建立覆盖水电工程项目全生命周期的生态保护-经济效益-社会影响评估体系,以保证我国水电工程项目建设中每个环节的“绿色性”,促进我国水电清洁能源的可持续发展。     

Climate Change Impacts on Hydropower Management

Climate change affects hydropower production by modifying total annual inflow volumes and their seasonal distribution. Moreover, increasing air temperatures impact electricity consumption and, as a consequence, electricity prices. All together, these phenomena may lead to a loss in revenue. We show that an adequate management of hydropower plants mitigates these losses. These results are obtained by resorting to an interdisciplinary approach integrating hydrology, economy and hydropower management in an interdependent quantitative model.     

水电有助于缓解全球气候的改变

全世界排放的温室气体中大约有1/3是由发电引起的.由于过度使用化石燃料引起的气候变化威胁着世界环境.国际社会正付出越来越多的努力以找到碳成分少的可替代性能源解决方案.在2002年约翰内斯堡可持续发展世界峰会上指出:现在急需大量增加可再生能源在全球的比率,以增加它在供电总量中的份额.在这种情况下,水电这种可再生能源扮演着重要的角色,因为它符合经济、社会和环境的可持续发展标准.     

智能水电厂现地控制单元发展趋势

介绍了智能水电厂概念的提出对水电厂计算机监控系统现地控制单元(LCU)的影响,从LCU的结构模式、智能可编程逻辑控制器、LCU的安全稳定3个方面总结了目前水电厂LCU的现状和不足,并着重探讨了未来的智能水电厂LCU的发展趋势.     

Optimization of Run-of-River Hydropower Plant Design under Climate Change Conditions

The assessment of climate change and its impacts on hydropower generation is a complex issue. This paper evaluates the application of representative concentration pathways (RCPs, 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) with the change factor (CF) method and the statistical downscaling method (SDSM) to generate six climatic scenarios of monthly temperature and rainfall over the period 2020–2049 in the Karkheh basin, Iran. The identification of unit hydrographs and component flows from rainfall, evaporation and streamflow data (IHACRES) model was employed to simulate runoff for the purpose of designing a run-of-river hydropower plant in the Karkheh basin. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA)-II was employed to maximize yearly energy generation and the plant factor, simultaneously. Results indicate the runoff scenarios associated with the SDSM lead to higher run-of-river hydropower generation in 2020–2049 compared to the CF results.     

Hangzhou Declaration on Global Hydropower Development

Hydro Power, currently having a global share of 15% of all electricity produced, is facing challenges for further development due to rigorous licensing requirements. In an era of Green Power and competitive environment, this renewable energy source, which is as a result of a natural phenomenon, rather than a finite resource like coal, oil or gas, deserves to be utilized increasingly under consolidated planning and management by the governments, with due consideration to issues of social eauity.     

Climate Change and Trend Detection in Selected Rivers within the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

Global climate change is currently an issue of great concern. This phenomenon was studied using the runoff of large rivers, which can be considered a regional integrator of the local precipitation occurring in their basins. The long-term stationarity and the possibility of trends in streamflow records stored in the databank of the Global Runoff Data Center (GRDC) at the Federal Institute of Hydrology in Koblenz (Germany) were studied. Runoff records originating from 78 rivers with long monthly runoff series that are geographically distributed throughout the whole Asia-Pacific region were selected for study. For each of the selected rivers, three time series were constructed and analyzed: the mean yearly, and the maximum and minimum monthly discharges. These series were submitted to a two-tier analysis. First, a segmentation procedure developed by Hubert was applied to assess their stationarity. Then the segmented series were submitted to a specialized trend detection software. The results show that about two-thirds of the series have remained stationary and that the monthly minimum runoff exhibited more changing levels (37/78) than the mean (26/78) and maximum (18/78) runoff. Most of the detected changes occurred during the 1960s and 1970s, a period of rapid demographic expansion and urbanization in Asia, when irrigation and other water uses were developed, especially in tropical areas. During the same period and within the area studied, a number of large dams and reservoirs were completed. Since these anthropic interventions could be at the origin of the changes in runoff, there is no regionally consistent evidence supporting global climate change.     

如何转变发展水电观念──随黄毅诚同志视察四川电力随想

黄毅诚同志1996年10月9日～16日来川视察，在视察过程中就如何转变发展水电观念发表了一系列重要讲话，对今后水电如何发展有着十分重要的指导作用。作者整理归纳为八个主要观点，供学习借鉴。     

应对气候变化必须大力发展水电

一、世界及主要国家水电发展情况水电作为技术最成熟、供应最稳定的可再生清洁能源,在全球能源供应中占有重要地位.2007年全球水电装机达到84840万kW,发电量30448亿kW·h/年,约占全球电力供应量的20%,水电开发程度按发电量与经济可开发量的比值计算达到了35%,其中非洲为11%,亚洲为25%,大洋州为45%,欧洲为71%,北美为65%,南美为40%.     

气候变化与清洁发展机制（五）

1CDM项目开发根据《马拉喀什协定》,一个典型的CDM项目从开始准备到实施,并最终产生减排量,需要经历如下一些主要阶段：（1）项目识别（2）项目设计（3）参与国的批准（4）项目审定（5）项目注册