Fruit-based Natural Antioxidants in Meat and Meat Products: A Review

Due to the potential toxic effects of synthetic antioxidants, natural antioxidant sources especially fruits are being preferred now-a-days for use in different meat products. The majority of the antioxidant capacity of a fruit is especially because of numerous phenolic compounds. Many of the phytochemicals present in fruits may help protect cells against the oxidative damage caused by free radicals, thereby reducing the risk of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, various types of cancers, and neurological diseases. Various parts of the fruit including their byproducts like skin and seeds have been used in meat products. Plum has been used as plum puree, prunes (dried plum), and plum extracts. Grape skin, seed, peel extracts, and grape pomace; berries as cakes and powder extracts; pomegranate rind powder and its juice; and most of the citrus fruits have proved beneficial sources of antioxidants. All these natural sources have effectively reduced the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values and free radical frequency. Thus, lipid oxidation is prevented and shelf life is greatly enhanced by incorporating various kinds of fruits and their byproducts in meat and meat products. There is a great scope for the use of fruits as natural sources of antioxidants in meat industry. The review is intended to provide an overview of the fruit-based natural antioxidants in meat and meat products.     

天然抗氧化剂在肉制品中的应用研究进展

肉制品中的脂肪、蛋白质含量丰富,水分活度高,在贮运过程中易被氧化而产生酸败味和褪色,从而失去食用价值和商业价值。因此,如何提高肉制品的货架期成为肉品工业的挑战之一。天然抗氧化剂具有安全性高、抗氧化能力强、无副作用和防腐保鲜等优点,将在肉类工业领域具有广阔的前景。文章概述了天然抗氧化剂的来源、活性成分和抗氧化作用机理以及天然抗氧化剂在肉制品中的应用,讨论了天然抗氧化剂的研究现状及以后的研究趋势。     

竹叶抗氧化物的功能特性及其在肉类制品中的应用研究进展

竹叶抗氧化物是多功能食品添加剂,竹叶抗氧化物以其天然、安全及其良好的功能特性受到人们的广泛关注.本文主要介绍竹叶抗氧化物的性质、作用机理与功能,重点综述其在肉类加工制品中的应用.     

食用菌在肉制品中的应用研究进展

健康肉制品更符合当前人们的消费观念。食用菌在功能性多糖、蛋白质和生物活性化合物方面的优势,使其成为改善肉制品营养状况的理想选择。本文综述近几年食用菌作为动物脂肪、动物蛋白质和盐类(食盐、磷酸盐和亚硝酸盐)替代物、风味添加剂和天然抗氧化剂在肉制品中的应用进展,并展望食用菌在肉制品中应用的发展方向,为健康和“清洁标签”等新型肉制品的研发提供支持。     

非热杀菌技术在肉及肉制品中的应用研究进展

肉及肉制品作为人体重要的营养来源,极易受到微生物污染。传统热杀菌方式虽可有效灭活微生物,但会对肉及肉制品的营养及感官品质产生不良影响。新型非热杀菌技术可避免传统热杀菌技术造成的食品品质劣变问题,成为食品领域的研究热点。本文综述非热杀菌技术在食品行业的研究现状、特点及作用机制,着重讨论其在肉及肉制品中的应用研究进展,并对非热杀菌技术在肉及肉制品加工中的发展方向进行展望,以期为肉及肉制品保鲜及工业化应用提供一定理论参考。     

Integration of Emerging Biomedical Technologies in Meat Processing to Improve Meat Safety and Quality

Modern‐day processing of meat products involves a series of complex procedures designed to ensure the quality and safety of the meat for consumers. As the size of abattoirs increases, the logistical problems associated with large‐capacity animal processing can affect the sanitation of the facility and the meat products, potentially increasing transmission of infectious diseases. Additionally, spoilage of food from improper processing and storage increases the global economic and ecological burden of meat production. Advances in biomedical and materials science have allowed for the development of innovative new antibacterial technologies that have broad applications in the medical industry. Additionally, new approaches in tissue engineering and nondestructive cooling of biological specimens could significantly improve organ transplantation and tissue grafting. These same strategies may be even more effective in the preservation and protection of meat as animal carcasses are easier to manipulate and do not have the same stringent requirements of care as living patients. This review presents potential applications of emerging biomedical technologies in the food industry to improve meat safety and quality. Future research directions investigating these new technologies and their usefulness in the meat processing chain along with regulatory, logistical, and consumer perception issues will also be discussed.     

Prevention of lipid oxidation in muscle foods by milk proteins and peptides: A review

Muscle foods (especially fresh meat, precooked, and restructured meat products) are highly prone to lipid oxidation, which ultimately leads to certain problems, viz. discoloration, off-flavor, drip losses, loss of essential fatty acids and vitamins, and generation of toxic products. These problems can be minimized with the help of various agents and or techniques such as use of natural/synthetic antioxidants, metal chelating agents, physical conditions, vacuum packaging, and encapsulation techniques. Among these, the role of synthetic antioxidants is quite debatable due to certain health risks to humans. Among the natural molecules, milk proteins and their bioactive peptides offer a promising potential for the meat industry. Various forms of milk proteins and peptides including caseinates, whey proteins, skim milk, and milk co-precipitates can be used to prevent lipid oxidation in meat products either in the form of added ingredients or as edible coatings. However, in addition to prevention of lipid oxidation, they also provide nutritional benefits and improve the technological processing and shelflife of meat and meat products. This review focuses on the utilization, mechanism of action, and efficacy of milk proteins and peptides to inhibit lipid oxidation in muscle food products.     

Natural antimicrobial/antioxidant agents in meat and poultry products as well as fruits and vegetables: A review

Synthetic preservatives are widely used by the food industry to control the growth of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms and to inhibit the process of lipid oxidation extending the shelf-life, quality and safety of food products. However, consumer's preference for natural food additives and concern regarding the safety of synthetic preservatives prompted the food industry to look for natural alternatives. Natural antimicrobials, including plant extracts and their essential oils, enzymes, peptides, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, and fermented ingredients have all been shown to have the potential for use as alternatives to chemical antimicrobials. Some spices, herbs and other plant extracts were also reported to be strong antioxidants. The antimicrobial/antioxidant activities of some plant extracts and/or their essential oils are mainly due to the presence of some major bioactive compounds, including phenolic acids, terpenes, aldehydes, and flavonoids. The proposed mechanisms of action of these natural preservatives are reported. An overview of the research done on the direct incorporation of natural preservatives agents into meat and poultry products as well as fruit and vegetables to extend their shelf-life is presented. The development of edible packaging materials containing natural preservatives is growing and their applications in selected food products are also presented in this review.     

The Effect of Buckwheat Hull Extract on Lipid Oxidation in Frozen‐Stored Meat Products

This study investigated the effect of antioxidants on lipid stability of frozen‐stored meat products. Buckwheat hull extract was used to enrich fried meatballs made from ground pork. During 180‐d storage of meat products, lipid oxidation (peroxide and 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS] value) was periodically monitored. The results were compared with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The addition of antioxidants decreased lipid oxidation in stored meatballs. The highest ability to control peroxide and TBARS values was demonstrated for buckwheat hull extract. Moreover, buckwheat hull extract showed a higher 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity as well as higher Fe(II) ion chelating ability, as compared with BHT. The total content of phenolic compounds are highly correlated to the individual polyphenols in extract of buckwheat hull, among which the following were assayed: 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, isovanillic acid and p‐coumaric acid, and flavonoids: isoorientin, quercetin, quercetin 3‐d ‐glucoside, rutin, and vitexin. These results indicate that plant extracts can be used to prolong shelf life of products by protecting them against lipid oxidation and deterioration of their nutritional quality.     

未来食品的发展：植物蛋白肉与细胞培养肉

随着人们对健康、环保及美味食品追求,未来食品成为食品领域研究人员和民众广泛关注的话题。生物科学与食品技术的快速发展,越来越多的未来食品将走向人工合成制造的道路,成为今后很长一段时期内食品高技术发展的引导与驱动。合成生物学与食品科学技术在人造肉等未来食品定制化生产方面已经取得了一系列突破,并开始逐步实现商业化,成为现有传统农业与食品行业的有效补充和替代。作者以植物蛋白肉、细胞培养肉等典型的未来食品为例,通过分析其生物制造过程中的关键任务和主要挑战,综述合成生物学、组织工程、发酵工程等生物技术在未来食品中的应用,进一步展望了未来食品在生物制造中多学科交叉集成的前景。     

抗氧化天然植物提取物及其在肉品中的应用研究进展

在各类肉品的生产和加工过程中,食品防腐添加剂对于保持产品营养特性和安全性必不可少.然而,人们期待肉品中所添加的成分尽可能源自天然产物,因此寻找可替代食品防腐抗氧化添加剂功能的天然提取物越来越受到关注.现有研究的抗氧化天然提取物来源于蔬菜、水果、香辛料、草本和种子等,主要作用是抑制脂质氧化、酸败,也可在一定程度上抑制微生...     

Natural antioxidants in meat and poultry products

In response to recent claims that synthetic antioxidants have the potential to cause toxicological effects and consumers' increased interest in purchasing natural products, the meat and poultry industry has been seeking sources of natural antioxidants. Due to their high phenolic compound content, fruits and other plant materials provide a good alternative to conventional antioxidants. Plum, grape seed extract, cranberry, pomegranate, bearberry, pine bark extract, rosemary, oregano, and other spices functions as antioxidants in meat and poultry products. Pomegranate, pine bark extract, cinnamon, and cloves have exhibited stronger antioxidant properties than some synthetic options. Plum products, grape seed extract, pine bark extract, rosemary, and some spices all have been shown to affect the color of finished meat or poultry products; however, in some products such as pork sausage or uncured meats, an increase in red color may be desired. When selecting a natural antioxidant, sensory and quality impact on the product should be considered to achieve desired traits.     

Plant extracts as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products

Antioxidants are used to minimize the oxidative changes in meat and meat products. Oxidative changes may have negative effects on the quality of meat and meat products, causing changes in their sensory and nutritional properties. Although synthetic antioxidants have already been used but in recent years, the demand for natural antioxidants has been increased mainly because of adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants. Thus most of the recent investigations have been directed towards the identification of natural antioxidants from various plant sources. Plant extracts have been prepared using different solvents and extraction methods. Grape seed, green tea, pine bark, rosemary, pomegranate, nettle and cinnamon have exhibited similar or better antioxidant properties compared to some synthetic ones. This review provides the recent information on plant extracts used as natural antioxidants in meat and meat products, specifically red meat.     

乳酸菌作为生物抑菌剂在肉与肉制品中的应用研究进展

生鲜肉及其制品由于含有丰富的水分、蛋白质和其他营养物质,极易受到微生物的污染,这会对肉类产业造成巨大的经济损失。基于目前人们更倾向于绿色、天然的肉类产品的消费需求,乳酸菌凭借其天然的来源、提供可持续的保护作用成为传统抑菌剂良好的替代品,但是其抑菌机制和在肉类产业中的应用未得到系统总结。本文首先概述了乳酸菌作为生物抑菌剂的主要抑菌机制,如有机酸、细菌素和竞争性抑制等作用途径,并详细总结了其应用于肉类产品时,在不同的包装方式、使用方式、代谢环境、加工方式和温度变化条件下防控生鲜肉及其制品安全性的应用研究现状;之后综述了乳酸菌应用后对肉与肉制品品质的影响,同时讨论了乳酸菌应用的安全性;最后,对乳酸菌在未来的肉类产业中的发展做了展望,以期对乳酸菌在保护肉类产品安全领域的进一步应用提供参考。     

Meat as a functional food with special reference to probiotic sausages

Consumers believe that foods are associated directly to their health. Today foods are not only used to satisfy our hunger but also to provide indispensible nutrients for humans and these nutrients having the health benefits regarding in controlling the diseases. The market for functional foods has seen a sharp rise in demand in the recent years. This has driven researchers to multiply their efforts in producing functional meat products also. Feed manipulation and post-mortem modification of meat coupled with enrichment of bioactive compounds are gaining importance. This review discusses the candidate ingredients and strategies, utilized in crafting such functional meat products, and the notable developments and commercial successes in functional meat industry. Dry fermented sausages meet the conditions required to carry viable probiotic microbes. This article enlists various microorganisms that are being commercially used in functional food products and potential bacteria for probiotic sausage production.     

发酵肉制品食品安全风险分析及监管建议

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,人们对高品质食品需求增大,对发酵肉制品需求也急剧增长,促使发酵肉制品产业不断发展。本文对我国发酵肉制品的行业现状进行概述,分析我国发酵肉制品监管现状、近年来国内外舆情、质量安全风险、质量安全隐患产生的原因,并就发酵肉制品生产环节质量安全提出相关监管建议。旨在为优化发酵肉制品生产环节质量管控、强化发酵肉制品生产行业管理与监督执法提供参考。     

What are the potential strategies to achieve potentially more healthful meat products?

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the consumption of meat and processed meat, and their relationship with a healthy diet. This review provides an overview of the potential strategies, which can be used to provide the implications for producing healthy, wholesome and consistently high-quality meat products. Genetic selection, nutrition and feeding management, and gene manipulation techniques have been used as the main strategies to induce beneficial changes in meat and meat composition. Besides, the incorporation of ingredients that play a technological role and are potentially health-enhancing, such as fibre, fat substitutes, natural antioxidants and the reduction of sodium and nitrites, has a high potential in the development of healthier meat products. In this review, we have observed that many strategies have been successfully used to obtain products with low fat, reduced sodium and nitrite content, low cholesterol and absence of synthetic antioxidants. Another point to be highlighted is that some of these strategies also allow obtaining products with positive health effects that can be potential alternatives to improve consumer acceptance.     

肉及肉制品微生物检测新技术研究进展

肉及肉制品营养丰富,也易受微生物污染,其食用安全性备受关注。本文介绍肉及肉制品中微生物限量要求,分析传统微生物检测方法的弊端,综述快速测试片法、三磷酸腺苷生物荧光法、分子诊断法、免疫分析法、光谱法、仪器法等新技术在肉及肉制品中微生物检测应用中的研究进展,以期为国内学者开展相关研究提供参考,满足肉类产业对微生物检测快速、准确的需求,为肉类企业减轻流通压力并降低由此带来的经济损失。     

畜禽肉中源成分检测技术研究进展

近年来,畜禽肉掺假问题严重侵害消费者权益,引发公众对食品安全的担忧及市场监管部门的关注.禽畜肉溯源分析和鉴别技术成为食品领域研究热点,畜禽肉中的源成分是用于区分鉴定不同物种的定性成分,在肉制品质量检测及肉制品真实性鉴别方面应用广泛.本文针对目前定性及定量检测禽畜肉中源成分的检测技术,主要包括基于蛋白质的检测技术、基于脂...