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1.
乳糜泻是因遗传易感者对麸质不耐受而引发的肠道疾病,该病是终生的且极少量麸质的摄入就会导致患病。因此,对食物中麸质的检测和定量显得尤为重要。目前,用于检测麸质的方法主要有ELISA法、免疫印迹法、质谱法和PCR法。本文将详细叙述这四种方法在检测麸质上的应用及其优缺点。其中,ELISA法在麸质的快速检测上使用较多;免疫印迹法检测结果稳定直观,但定量精确度不高;质谱法准确度非常高,但费时费力,且依赖贵重设备;PCR法在检测食物基质复杂、麸质含量低的食品上具有优势。   相似文献   

2.
小麦是主要的粮食作物,但也可引发多种过敏性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。麸质蛋白的摄入,是引起这些疾病的关键因素,麸质蛋白主要存在于小麦中,但也存在于大麦,黑麦和燕麦中。特别是小麦麸质蛋白因含有大量的非极性氨基酸和谷氨酰胺而耐胃肠道酶消化,生成使部分人群致病的毒性肽。麸质蛋白相关性疾病的全球患病率接近5%,已经严重影响了部分人群的生活质量,甚至危及生命,已成为全球性不可回避的食品安全问题之一。本文主要对麸质蛋白结构、麸质蛋白相关性疾病的发病机制、流行病学、诊断和治疗进行了概述,为小麦的安全食用提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
乳糜泻(celiac disease,CD)是携带遗传易感基因人群的自身免疫疾病,其特点是摄入含麸质蛋白的小麦或大麦和黑麦产品后,小肠会受到炎症性损伤。乳糜泻患者必须终生坚持无麸质饮食,这是目前唯一有效的治疗方法。然而,严格遵守无麸质饮食是困难的,需要新的治疗方法来补充甚至替代饮食治疗。尽管迄今为止,还没有技术允许乳糜泻患者无限制地安全食用含麸质的产品,但随着对乳糜泻发病机制认识的不断深入,在无麸质饮食替代疗法方面已经取得了有希望的进展。本文综述了以麸质蛋白为靶向的乳糜泻治疗方法研究进展,如下调麦醇溶蛋白的表达、麦醇溶蛋白的隔离、谷氨酰胺残基的转酰胺化和免疫显性肽的酶解,批判性地讨论了这些治疗方法的实用性和获得的结果。  相似文献   

4.
    
Wheat is an important staple food globally, providing a significant contribution to daily energy, fiber, and micronutrient intake. Observational evidence for health impacts of consuming more whole grains, among which wheat is a major contributor, points to significant risk reduction for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and colon cancer. However, specific wheat components may also elicit adverse physical reactions in susceptible individuals such as celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA). Recently, broad coverage in the popular and social media has suggested that wheat consumption leads to a wide range of adverse health effects. This has motivated many consumers to avoid or reduce their consumption of foods that contain wheat/gluten, despite the absence of diagnosed CD or WA, raising questions about underlying mechanisms and possible nocebo effects. However, recent studies did show that some individuals may suffer from adverse reactions in absence of CD and WA. This condition is called non‐celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) or non‐celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). In addition to gluten, wheat and derived products contain many other components which may trigger symptoms, including inhibitors of α‐amylase and trypsin (ATIs), lectins, and rapidly fermentable carbohydrates (FODMAPs). Furthermore, the way in which foods are being processed, such as the use of yeast or sourdough fermentation, fermentation time and baking conditions, may also affect the presence and bioactivity of these components. The present review systematically describes the characteristics of wheat‐related intolerances, including their etiology, prevalence, the components responsible, diagnosis, and strategies to reduce adverse reactions.  相似文献   

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Abstract

The consumption of gluten-free products is becoming an increased alimentary habit in the general population. The scientific unfounded perception suggesting that the avoidance of gluten would improve health or that gluten could be toxic for humans are fostering medically unjustified adherences to a gluten-free diet. Currently, only patients diagnosed with celiac disease are advised to follow a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. In the same way, patients diagnosed with IgE-mediated wheat allergy must avoid exposure to wheat in any form. In that context, a third disorder, called nonceliac gluten sensitivity, characterized by distress after gluten consumption and in which neither celiac disease nor IgE-mediated allergy plays a role, has gained increased attention in the last years. Although important scientific advances have been made in the understanding of the pathologic mechanisms behind nonceliac gluten sensitivity, this disorder is still a matter of active debate in the scientific community. In the present review, the most recent advances in the immunopathology, diagnostic biomarkers and susceptibility determinants of gluten-related diseases are summarized and discussed. Furthermore, an updated overview of the new potential therapies that are currently underway for the treatment of gluten-related disorders is also provided.  相似文献   

6.
    
Because of the continuous increase in the prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, selection of wheat with a low content of immunogenic gluten epitopes could be an innovative alternative for prevention. In this review, the focus is on literature data concerning the deallergenization tools of wheat, which are mainly related to breeding approaches (classic and advanced) and processing operations (germination and fermentation). Until now, no safe wheat genotype has been identified, whereas decreasing wheat allergenicity is possible. On the other hand, the decrease of gluten or some of its epitopes can strongly affect technological properties. Thus, obtaining celiac‐safe gluten without affecting the technological properties of wheat could be considered as a new challenge that scientists will be facing. Celiac‐safe wheat‐based product development could be a great revolution in the market of foods for special medical purposes. The present paper is aiming to: (a) review the strategies and the approaches used, or that can be used, for developing low allergenic wheat: their utilities and limits were also discussed and (b) screen the impact of gluten reduction or removal on the quality of wheat end‐use products.  相似文献   

7.
无麸质食物是为乳糜泻人群应对麸质蛋白过敏而生产的一类食物,但无麸质食物因麸质蛋白的缺失,多存在口感差、体积小和硬度大等缺点。酸面团是一种传统发酵技术,通过酸面团中微生物的代谢作用,可产生蛋白酶降解麸质蛋白,同时还能提高无麸质食物的整体品质,如改善制品风味、提高营养价值、延长货架期等。本文主要对酸面团发酵技术及其在无麸质食物中的应用优势进行探讨,以期为无麸质食物研究提供理论参考。  相似文献   

8.
    
The evidence that celiac disease is one of the commonest food intolerances in the world is driving an increasing demand for gluten‐free foods. However, gluten is a structure‐building protein essential for formulating leavened baked goods. Therefore, obtaining high‐quality gluten‐free bread (GFB) is a technological challenge. This review focuses on contemporary approaches in gluten‐free baking that allow improvements at the structure, texture, acceptability, nutritive value, and shelf life of GFB. Gluten‐free breadmaking is a relatively new, emerging research topic that is attracting worldwide attention in order to develop different kinds of GFB, including regional varieties. Several approaches have been used to understand and improve GFB systems by evaluating different flours and starch sources, ingredients added for nutritional purposes, additives, and technologies or a combination of these elements. Some studies aimed to assess or improve GFB's technological or nutritional properties, while others had multiple objectives. Several studies used food science tools in order to improve technological and sensory quality of GFB, together with nutritional value. Some GFBs are vehicles of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, extensive research on interfacing food science, nutrition, and health is needed so that a GFB with both good technological and nutritional properties can be prepared and made more available to those with celiac disease, which will help them adhere to a strict gluten‐free diet, increase social inclusion, and improve their quality of life.  相似文献   

9.
乳糜泻研究进展   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
乳糜泻是一种遗传易感个体因摄入含麸质蛋白的谷物(小麦、大麦和祼麦)及其制品而诱发的慢性自身免疫性肠病,影响着世界上约1%人口的健康,并呈增长趋势;在中国可能也存在乳糜泻\"冰山\"现象,发生率远比原先预计的高;然而目前,中国从事医疗卫生和食品工业的专业人员对乳糜泻的认识仍存在不足。本文着重介绍了国内外在乳糜泻的流行病学、发病机制、临床症状、诊断和治疗等方面的研究进展。全面了解乳糜泻的相关知识,提高对乳糜泻的意识,有助于推动中国对乳糜泻的预防和控制,促进无麸质食品的开发和研究。  相似文献   

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Proline‐ and glutamine‐rich gluten proteins are one of the major constituents of cereal dietary proteins, which are largely resistant to complete cleavage by the human gastrointestinal (GI) digestive enzymes. Partial digestion of gluten generates approximately 35 amino acids (aa) immunomodulatory peptides which activate T‐cell–mediated immune system, followed by immunological inflammation of mucosa leading to the onset of celiac disease (CD). CD is an autoimmune disease associated with HLA–DQ2/DQ8 polymorphism and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. CD is either diagnosed using duodenal mucosal biopsis or serological testing for transglutaminase 2 (TG2) specific antibodies (IgA and IgG). Current therapy for CD management is gluten‐free diet, while other therapies like glutenase, probiotics, immunomodulation, jamming of HLA‐DQ2, inhibition of TG2, and gluten tolerance aided by gluten tolerizing vaccines are being developed.  相似文献   

12.
小麦过敏研究进展   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
小麦蛋白根据其溶解性可分为清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白。不同种类,不同分子量的小麦蛋白都有报道可能对人体致敏,而小麦过敏根据不同的发病机制,可以引发许多不同的症状。本文对小麦蛋白的组成与特性以及小麦过敏进行综述。  相似文献   

13.
乳糜泻关联表位的定量检测可以评价小麦种质资源及加工食品的乳糜泻致敏性,为患者安全消费提供技术保障。定量检测小麦麸质蛋白中致乳糜泻表位的方法包括免疫印迹法、高通量测序法和多反应检测串联质谱检测(LC-MRM/MS),它们在麸质表位的检测中各具特色。免疫印迹法检测结果稳定直观,但定量精确度不高;高通量测序法准确度相对较高,但应用范围窄,且数据处理困难;多反应检测串联质谱检测灵敏度高、样品用量少、分析速度快,但费用较高。   相似文献   

14.
宋东筱  任正楠  潘礼龙  孙嘉 《食品科学》2022,43(21):117-125
目的:利用麸质诱导建立小鼠乳糜泻(celiac disease,CeD)模型,通过检测乳糜泻相关指标来评价该模型的可行性。方法:将连续食用无麸质饲料3 代以上的雌性BALB/c小鼠(6~8 周龄)随机分为两组(对照组(Control组)和模型组(CeD组)),CeD组于实验开始的第1天将饲料换为麸质含量2.5 g/kg的含麸质饲料,Control组则继续饲喂无麸质饲料。实验前3 周,分别给予CeD组每只小鼠腹腔注射含150 μg麦醇溶蛋白的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.2 mL 0.01 mol/L),每周两次。在实验的第4周,给予CeD组每只小鼠后脚掌注射乳化有50 μg麦醇溶蛋白的弗氏完全佐剂50 μL两次(第1天和第4天各注射一次)。利用血清荧光素异硫氰酸酯-葡聚糖质量浓度表征小鼠的肠道通透性;利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应检测小鼠十二指肠组织中紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1、ZO-2、Claudin-1等)、相关炎症因子白细胞介素((interleukin,IL)-15、干扰素(interferon,IFN)γ和IL-4等)和相关免疫细胞的表面标志物基因(CD4、CD19、CD138等)的表达水平;采用酶联免疫吸附试验测定小鼠十二指肠中组织转谷氨酰胺酶(tissue transglutaminase,tTG)和连接蛋白水平。结果:相比Control组,CeD组小鼠十二指肠肠道屏障被明显破坏,小肠绒毛长度明显缩短,TGM2 mRNA相对表达量显著升高(P<0.05),与乳糜泻相关的炎症因子和免疫细胞的标志物基因相对表达量都显著升高。结论:该造模方法在肠道病理情况、肠道屏障以及免疫方面均能很好地模拟临床上乳糜泻的病理学特征,可用于未来乳糜泻新的潜在治疗措施研究中。  相似文献   

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A large national investigation into the extent of gluten cross-contamination of naturally gluten-free ingredients (flours and starches) sold in Canada was performed. Samples (n = 640) were purchased from eight Canadian cities and via the internet during the period 2010–2012 and analysed for gluten contamination. The results showed that 61 of the 640 (9.5%) samples were contaminated above the Codex-recommended maximum level for gluten-free products (20 mg kg–1) with a range of 5–7995 mg kg–1. For the ingredients that were labelled gluten-free the contamination range (5–141 mg kg–1) and number of samples were lower (3 of 268). This picture was consistent over time, with approximately the same percentage of samples above 20 mg kg–1 in both the initial set and the subsequent lot. Looking at the total mean (composite) contamination for specific ingredients the largest and most consistent contaminations come from higher fibre ingredients such as soy (902 mg kg–1), millet (272 mg kg–1) and buckwheat (153 mg kg–1). Of the naturally gluten-free flours and starches tested that do not contain a gluten-free label, the higher fibre ingredients would constitute the greatest probability of being contaminated with gluten above 20 mg kg–1.  相似文献   

17.
乳糜泻是一种携带遗传易感基因的人群因摄入麸质蛋白而引起由T细胞介导的复杂肠道疾病。麸质蛋白是小麦、大麦、黑麦等谷物中的主要贮藏蛋白,由麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白组成,是诱发乳糜泻的主要环境因素。患者终生严格执行无麸质饮食是目前治疗乳糜泻的最佳方法。然而,在生活中,患者难以完全避免摄入麸质蛋白,且长期的无麸质饮食将影响患者的社会交往活动,加重患者的心理与经济负担。因此,有必要研究新的冶疗方法或药物以用于辅助或替代无麸质饮食疗法。为了验证新方法的有效性和安全性,构建动物模型模拟乳糜泻的病症是必须的。因此,本文着重介绍了判断乳糜泻动物模型是否成功建立应选取的检测指标、乳糜泻动物模型的致敏方式及目前已建立的动物模型特点,为进一步完善乳糜泻动物模型提供参考。  相似文献   

18.
    
BACKGROUND: Cereals used for beer manufacturing contain gluten, which is immunotoxic for celiac patients. The gluten remaining after processes of malting and brewing is mostly hydrolyzed, which makes practical evaluation of the immunotoxicity of the gluten pools challenging. RESULTS: We analyzed the presence of gluten peptides equivalent to the major immunotoxic protease‐resistant gliadin 33‐mer in 100 Belgium beers, using monoclonal antibodies (G12/A1). Immunochromatographic strips and enzyme‐linked immonosorbent assay G12/A1 methods estimated at least 20 ppm gluten equivalents in 90 beers and gluten‐free in 10 beers. The G12/A1 reactivity of beer high‐performance liquid chromatographic fractions correlated to the presence of T‐cell‐reactive epitopes identified by peptide sequencing. CONCLUSION: The determination of equivalent gliadin 33‐mer epitopes in beers has been shown to be practical, specific, and sensitive for the measurement of potential immunotoxicity for celiac patients. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

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乳糜泻是由遗传易感人群因摄入膳食麸质而诱发的一种自身免疫性肠病。麸质是一类日常膳食中广泛存在的蛋白复合物,其不易被消化道完全吸收,从而激活遗传易感个体肠道内异常的固有免疫和适应性免疫反应。最新研究支持肠道菌群紊乱是乳糜泻发生与发展的关键因素之一。本文分别综述乳糜泻发病诱因、病理和治疗策略3个方面,旨在揭示肠道菌群在乳糜泻病理中的作用,并为临床上乳糜泻的防治提供理论参考。  相似文献   

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