Turbo Estimation and Equalization for Asynchronous Uplink MC-CDMA

In this contribution, we propose a new code-aided synchronization and channel estimation algorithm for uplink MC-CDMA. The space alternating generalized expectation- maximization (SAGE) algorithm is used to estimate the channel impulse responses, propagation delays and carrier frequency offsets of the different users. The estimator, multi-user detector, equalizer, demapper and channel decoder exchange soft information in an iterative way. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. Impressive performance gains are visible as compared to a conventional data-aided estimation scheme.     

Variance-Reduced Partial Parallel Interference Cancellation for MC-CDMA Uplink Systems

In this paper, we present an improved version of partial parallel interference cancellation (PPIC), called variancereduced PPIC (VRPPIC), for multicarrier code division multiple access uplink systems. The VRPPIC detector is a combination of the PPIC receiver and a new bit estimator, where a simplified realization is derived for the main PPIC operations and soft decisions from PPIC are linearly combined by the bit estimator using appropriate weighting factors (derived from the PPIC weighting factors) to reduce the conditional variance of the final signal estimate. Also, we derive an optimal weighting factor (OWF) selection algorithm for VRPPIC based on minimizing a monotonically increasing conditional variance function. The derived OWFs for all the interference cancellation stages are equal and can easily be obtained from a linear function of the number of active users. Simulation results show that VRPPIC with the proposed OWFs significantly outperforms VRPPIC (or PPIC) with randomly selected weighting factors in multipath Rayleigh fading channels.     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统多用户检测

本文研究了在频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中工作于时分双工(TDD)模式的多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统上行链路,在用户终端处使用两个发射天线,采用基于空时分组码的发射分集。考虑对应于子载波的衰落系数是信道冲激响应的离散傅里叶变换,给出了基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统上行链路信号模型。采用适用于同步CDMA系统的低代价Steiner估计器来进行基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统的信道估计,每个用户终端的两个发射天线各分配一个midamble。研究了基于空时分组码的MC-CDMA系统的解相关多用户检测、最小均方误差(MMSE)多用户检测,进行联合的多用户检测和空时码解码。仿真结果验证了上述模型及算法的有效性。     

MC-CDMA上行链路盲多用户检测技术研究

文中提出一种在异步多径瑞利衰落MC-CDMA系统上行链路中改进型的仿射投影算法。利用盲信号空间分离的方法,将期望用户的信道信息估计出来,再将其结果作为参数带入到改进型仿射投影滤波器中。在权向量更新的过程中,抵抗多址干扰（MAI）的影响,将期望用户的信息可靠的恢复。计算机仿真显示,在考虑远近效应时,该盲算法的性能与非盲的最小均方误差接收器的性能接近。     

Joint Turbo Equalization and Multiuser Detection of MC-CDMA Signals With Low Envelope Fluctuations

In this paper, we consider the uplink transmission in multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems. As other multicarrier signals, MC-CDMA signals have high envelope fluctuations and a high peak-to-mean envelope power ratio (PMEPR), which leads to amplification difficulties. This is particularly important for the uplink transmission, since an efficient low-cost power amplification is desirable at the mobile terminals (MTs). Moreover, the transmission over time-dispersive channels destroys the orthogonality between spreading codes, which might lead to significant multiple-access interference levels. To reduce the envelope fluctuations of the transmitted signals, while maintaining the spectral efficiency, the MC-CDMA signal associated to each MT is submitted to a clipping device, followed by a frequency-domain filtering operation. However, the nonlinear distortion effects can be high when an MC-CDMA transmitter with reduced envelope fluctuations is intended (e.g., a small clipping level and/or when successive clipping and filtering operations are employed). In this paper, we define an iterative receiver that jointly performs a turbo multiuser detection and the estimation and cancellation of the nonlinear distortion effects. Our performance results show that the proposed receiver structure allows good performances, very close to the linear receiver ones, even for high system load and/or when a PMEPR as low as 1.7 dB is intended for each MT.      

MIMO-OFDM系统Turbo接收机中的限幅非线性失真迭代对消法

在多入多出的正交频分复用系统中,常采用Turbo接收以保证系统性能。在正交频分复用系统中,限幅技术是常见的峰值平均功率比抑制技术,但限幅带来的非线性失真会造成带内失真和带外辐射,从而恶化系统性能。本文提出可以利用Turho接收机的先验信息进行限幅非线性失真的迭代对消,从而在引入少量复杂度的基础上,对抗限幅带来的影响。仿真结果表明,引入限幅非线性失真迭代对消算法可以有效提高系统性能,限幅门限越低效果越明显。     

编码的多载波CDMA系统中Turbo时空多用户检测

联合MAP多用户检测和信道译码的迭代多用户检测技术可显著提高多载波CDMA系统的容量和性能,本文给出了结合智能天线和迭代MAP多用户检测的Turbo时空多用户检测算法,该方法进一步提高了系统的性能.Turbo时空多用户检测算法不仅极大减小了传统最优MAP多用户检测算法的运算量,而且,此算法性能在AWGN和频率选择性衰落信道中都能逼近单用户编码多载波CDMA系统多天线接收的性能.     

Turbo Interference Mitigation in Layered Space-Time MIMO DS-CDMA Uplink with TTCM(Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation)

In this paper we propose the use of a turbo receiver for the uplink of a MIMO CDMA system employing layered space-time transmission. The proposed receiver consists of a low complexity layered space-time multi-user detector using minimum mean squared error (MMSE) filtering with a-priori information and a bank of MAP SISO decoders. Using the soft estimates from a bank of MAP decoders we obtain soft values of the interfering symbols. The SISO multiuser detector subtracts the vector of the interfering symbols from the incoming signal. The resulting vector is then filtered by an adaptive MMSE filter to reduce the residual MAI. This process iterates by exchanging extrinsic informations between the bank of MAP decoders and the SISO multiuser detector. Turbo Trellis Coded Modulation (TTCM) is used as Forward Error Correcting (FEC) code due to its high bandwidth efficiency. Our computer simulations show that the proposed structure outperforms a classical iterative receiver based on parallel interference cancellation (PIC) as well as a non-iterative MMSE receiver. Furthermore, in a multiuser context, the proposed receiver offers an error performance similar to that of single-user case at high SNR. Jean-Pierre Cances graduated in electrical engineering from ENST Bretagne in 1990. He received his Ph.D degree from Télécom Paris in satellite communication engineering in 1993. He is now an assistant Professor at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Limoges (ENSIL). His current research interests include satellite communication systems, multicarrier detection and synchronization algorithms, MIMO communication systems. Gholam Reza Mohammad-khani received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in communication engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, respectively in 1992 and 1994. He worked as a lecturer in Mashhad University in 1997. His current research interests include satellite communication systems, multiuser detection and synchronization algorithms. Vahid Meghdadi received his BSc. and MSc. degrees in communication engineering from Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, respectively in 1989 and 1992. He worked as a lecturer in Mashhad University in 1993. Since 1994, he has been a Ph.D. student inEcole nationale Supérieure d'Ingenieurs de Limoges (ENSIL) where he is now an assistant professor. His current research interests include satellite communication systems, multiuserdetection and synchronization algorithms, MIMO communication systems.     

MAI and ICI of Asynchronous Uplink MC-CDMA With Frequency Offset

In this paper, we analyze the performance of random spreading code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with a multicarrier in asynchronous uplink channels. We first derive the probability density function (pdf) of the multiple-access interference (MAI) plus noise and then extend the results to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with intercarrier interference (ICI) that is caused by a frequency offset. We obtain the pdf of the MAI and the ICI plus noise under Rayleigh and frequency-selective fading as a function of the number of users and the spreading factor, as well as the number of subcarriers and the frequency offset. The bit-error-rate (BER) analysis shows that the power penalty from the frequency offset increases with the system loading. We develop the Gaussian approximation that provides an accurate estimation of the BER with reduced computational complexity comparing to the direct calculations using the pdf.     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统盲干扰抑制

该文考虑空时分组码多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统的盲干扰抑制。通过研究多径信号频域码空间和数据矢量空间,采用噪声子空间技术进行盲信道估计。使用一种修改的ULV更新算法进行噪声子空间跟踪,该算法不需要相关矩阵的秩估计,直接估计噪声子空间。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法,用前一级滤波矢量的输出重构最大比合并(MRC)滤波矢量,将重构滤波矢量到由基本滤波矢量和前几级辅助矢量张成子空间上的正交投影作为辅助矢量,将前一级滤波矢量和新产生辅助矢量线性合并得到新的滤波矢量。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

基于稀疏感知有序干扰消除的大规模机器类通信系统多用户检测

在大规模机器类通信(mMTC)系统中,以用户活跃性为先验信息,接收机可以基于稀疏感知最大后验概率(S-MAP)准则来检测多用户信号。为了降低S-MAP检测的计算复杂度,基于干扰消除的思想,该文提出一种改进的活跃性感知有序正交三角分解(IA-SQRD)算法,以适用于mMTC系统上行链路多用户信号检测。IA-SQRD算法将传统的活跃性感知有序正交三角分解(A-SQRD)算法的最终解作为初始解,并额外增加迭代干扰消除操作,以进一步提高检测性能。此外,利用与改进A-SQRD算法相似的思路,该文对稀疏感知串行干扰消除(SA-SIC)、有序正交三角分解(SQRD)及数据相关的排序和正则化(DDS)算法亦进行了改进设计,分别获得了相应的改进型算法,即ISA-SIC、I-SQRD及I-DDS算法。仿真结果表明：相对于A-SQRD算法,在未显著增加计算复杂度的情况下,在系统误比特率(BER)为\begin{document}$2.5 \times {10^{ - 2}}$\end{document}时,该文所提IA-SQRD算法可取得3 dB性能增益;并且,对于不同的活跃概率或扩频序列长度等参数配置下的mMTC系统,IA-SQRD算法相对于其它算法均表现出更优良的多用户检测性能。     

MC-CDMA系统中并行干扰抵消的改进

在CDMA系统中,多址干扰是影响系统性能的主要因素。为此,人们提出了并行干扰抵消的检测方法。针对并行干扰抵消中存在的误判问题,本文应用模糊数学中的基本原理,在MC—CDMA系统模型中提出了一种新的部分并行干扰抵消算法——基于估计干信比的模糊并行干扰抵消,并对其原理作了简要阐述。     

基于复小波包的MC-CDMA系统及上行链路性能分析

文章在分析多载波扩频码分多址的基础上，利用优化生成的复小波包及变换，研究了一种基于复小波包的多载波CDMA系统在多径瑞利衰落环境下的上行链路性能。仿真结果表明该系统要优于通常的MC-CDMA系统和基于实小波包变换的MC-CDMA系统，具有良好的抗衰落能力。并采用多天线分集接收技术进一步完善系统性能，从而增强了系统抗多径干扰和多址干扰的能力，且得到了更低的误码率。     

空时分组编码多载波码分多址系统的直接解码

针对宏蜂窝小区中基站使用均匀线阵空时分组编码多载波码分多址系统的上行物理链路,该文提出了一种无需信道估计,直接对多个用户的发射符号和波达方向进行盲估计的算法。该算法通过构筑蕴涵用户编码符号序列和波达方向的辅助矩阵,对其进行特征分解,得到了每个用户波达方向的闭式解。进而,利用空时分组码的正交结构以及发射符号的有限码集特性给出了所有活动用户原始符号序列的闭式估计。计算机仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

上行链路MC-CDMA系统并行干扰抵消接收机的改进

介绍了上行链路MC-CDMA系统的一种初级采用线性MMSE检测的PIC多用户接收机。为了减小初级判决不精确带来的误差传播,提出了一种新的基于部分并行干扰抵消的多级PIC接收机结构,他是通过每级乘以一个不同的部分相消因子实现的。在不考虑信道估计误差的情况下,仿真了上行信道不同用户数、不同部分相消因子对改进的接收机性能的影响。仿真结果表明改进的接收机具有更好的误码率性能。     

Reduced-Complexity Turbo Equalization for Turbo Coded MIMO/OFDM Systems

1IntroductionTowards wireless systems Beyondthe3G(B3G),it isa great challenge for the physical layer to support high-speed transmissioninthe mobile environment to providecomfortable Internet access.Multiple Input MultipleOutput(MI MO)technique is effectiv…     

Pre-equalization Techniques for Downlink and Uplink TDD MC-CDMA Systems

Time division duplex (TDD) multi carrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems have recently been proposed as potential candidates for next generation (4G) technology. In order to mitigate multiple access interference, in this paper we investigate pre-equalization schemes for both downlink and uplink transmissions, the former also in a multiple transmit antenna scenario. In particular, new pre-equalizer techniques are introduced and complexity issues addressed. Numerical results are given to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed schemes with respect to other existing pre-equalizer solutions. Paola Bisaglia was born in Padova, Italy, on August 8, 1971. She received the Laurea (cum laude) and Ph.D. degrees in electronic engineering from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy in 1996 and 2000 respectively. In 2000 she joined Hewlett-Packard Research Laboratories, Bristol, England, working on Home Phoneline Networking and wireless LANs. From 2002 she is a research fellow at the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Padova, Italy. Her research interests include wireless local area networks; modulation, coding techniques and detection strategies for next generation (4G) broadband cellular systems, based on the combination of multi-carrier and spread-spectrum modulations. Luca Sanguinetti is a Ph.D. Student of the University of Pisa. He was born in Empoli, Italy, on February 19, 1977, and he received the Doctor Engineer degree (cum laude) in information engineering from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 2002. Since 2002 he was with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa, where he is working toward the Ph.D. degree in information engineering under the supervision of Prof. Umberto Mengali and Prof. Michele Morelli. In 2004, he was a visiting Ph.D. student at the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Currently he is involved in a research project dealing with the design and the development of base stations and user terminals for wideband wireless communications systems able to cope with those reconfigurability and interoperability characteristics required by the next generation mobile communication systems. His research interests are in wireless communication theory, with emphasis on synchronization and detection algorithms and channel estimation in multiple-access communication systems. Michele Morelli received the Laurea (cum laude) in electrical engineering and the “Premio di Laurea SIP” from the University of Pisa, Italy, in 1991 and 1992 respectively. From 1992 to 1995 he was with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa, where he received the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering. In September 1996 he joined the Centro Studi Metodi e Dispositivi per Radiotrasmissioni (CSMDR) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) in Pisa where he held the position of Research Assistant. Since 2001 he has been with the Department of Information Engineering of the University of Pisa where he is currently an Associate Professor of Telecommunications. His research interests are in wireless communication theory, with emphasis on synchronization algorithms and channel estimation in multiple-access communication systems. Nevio Benvenuto received the Laurea degree from the University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, in 1976 and 1983, respectively, both in electrical engineering. From 1983 to 1985 he was with AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ, working on signal analysis problems. He spent the next three years alternating between the University of Padova, where he worked on communication systems research, and Bell Laboratories, as a Visiting Professor. From 1987 to 1990, he was a member of the faculty at the University of Ancona. He was a member of the faculty at the University of L'Aquila from 1994 to 1995. Currently, he is a Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department, University of Padova. His research interests include voice and data communications, digital radio, and signal processing. Silvano Pupolin received the Laurea degree in Electronic Engineering from the University of Padova, Italy, in 1970. Since then he joined the Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, where currently is Full Professor of Electrical Communications. He was Chairman of the Faculty of Electronic Engineering from 1990 to 1994, Chairman of the PhD Course in Electronics and Telecommunications Engineering from 1991 to 1997 and Director of the PhD School in Information Engineering from 2004. Also, he was member of the programming and development committee from 1997 to 2002 and member of Scientific Committee from 1996 to 2001 of the University of Padova; member of the budget Committee of the Faculty of Engineering from 2003. He has been actively engaged in research on: Digital communication systems over copper wires and fiber optics; Spread spectrum communication systems; Design of large reliable communications networks; Effects of phase noise and HPA nonlinearities in OFDM systems; 3G mobile radio communications systems (UTRA-FDD and TDD) and beyond 3G (OFDM modulation and MC CDMA); Packet radio, Ad-hoc networks with the use of Bluetooth and WLAN. He was Chairman of the 9-th and 10-th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications devoted to “Broadband Wireless Communications” and to “Multimedia Communications”, respectively, and he was General Chair of the 7th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC'04). He spent the summer 1985 at AT&T Bell Laboratories on leave from Padova, doing research on digital radio systems. He was Principal investigator for research projects entitled “Variable bit rate mobile radio communication systems for multimedia applications”, “OFDM Systems with Applications to WLAN Networks”, and “MC-CDMA: an air interface for the 4th generation of wireless systems”.     

MC-CDMA系统中一种盲多用户检测算法

本文提出了MC-CDMA系统中一种预处理的盲多用户检测算法P-LSCMA,它是对MC-CDMA接收信号 进行预处理,消除部分多址干扰,然后再用LSCMA算法消除由于信道在各个子载波上对信号造成的影响,从而在每次 迭代合并中提高了系统的检测性能。     

上行MC-CDMA／TDD系统中的新型预补偿技术

该文提出了MC-CDMA／TDD系统中的一种新型限制功率的预补偿技术,避免了在上行链路中插入导频,从而提高了频率／功率利用率。在上行链路中,为了保持发射功率不变,移动台发射机只对发射信号的相位进行预处理,而对接收信号幅度的估计和补偿都由基站接收机来完成。文中的分析包括由于信道时变引起的性能损失。仿真结果表明所提出的预补偿系统具有良好的性能。     

Turbo编码STBC系统中削弱误差传播的迭代多用户检测技术

空时编码(STC)技术将天线阵列信号处理和信道编码技术联合起来实现无线信道容量的有效增加。为了抑制空时分组编码(STBC)系统的共道用户干扰,对低复杂度的多用户检测算法进行研究,该文提出了一种STBC系统的迭代(turbo)多用户接收机。该接收机由一个软入软出(SISO)基于均值的软判决多用户检测器(Soft Decision Multi-User Detector, SDMUD)和一组SISO Turbo信道解码器构成。两者之间通过迭代交换外信息,精确地估计用户信号。仿真结果表明这种接收技术经3次迭代后性能改善约2dB,并且系统性能会随着接收天线的增多而得到明显提高,从而大大增加系统容量。