开发Fe/Zn抗震复合材料的构想

系统阐述了地震动特性对结构破坏的影响、工程上增加阻尼的4种方式及研究材料滞回耗能的指导思想,首次提出开发Fe/Zn抗震复合材料的构想.研究了开发Fe/Zn抗震复合材料的实验基础,提出了Fe/Zn抗震复合材料的力学模型及其设计方案,并结合工程实践展望了Fe/Zn抗震复合材料的应用前景.     

喷雾沉积法制造的铝基复合材料的超塑性

喷雾沉积法制造的SiC_P/LY12复合材料经热压和热正挤压后,晶粒得以细化,SiC_P分布的均匀性大大改善.超塑性拉伸试验结果表明:SiC_P/LY12复合材料具有超塑性;变形温度、应变速率对极限延伸率和应变速率敏感性指数m值均有较大的影响.在变形温度为500℃和初始应变速率为1.0×10-3s-1时,获得的极限延伸率为345%.      

高体分SiCp /Al复合材料热变形行为及组织的研究

在应变速率为0.0005～0.01 s-1、变形温度为700～900 ℃条件下,对高体积分数SiC颗粒增强Al基复合材料进行了高温压缩实验,研究了复合材料高温压缩流变应力,观察了复合材料压缩后的组织形貌.结果表明:SiCp/Al复合材料在热压缩变形中发生了伪塑性变形,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随变形温度的增加而降低;通过线性回归分析计算了复合材料的应变指数n以及变形激活能Q,获得了材料高温条件下的流变应力本构方程;高温压缩后的复合材料,颗粒尺寸、圆整度及分布均匀性明显提高.     

Cu-Fe-Ag原位复合材料的组织和性能

系统研究了合金元素Ag对Cu-Fe原位复合材料微观组织、力学性能和导电性能的影响规律.采用熔铸-形变法分别制备了Cu-12wt%Fe、Cu-14wt%Fe-1wt%Ag、Cu-14wt%Fe-3wt%Ag和Cu-11wt%Fe-6wt%Ag 4种原位复合材料.测试了不同应变下材料的抗拉强度和电阻率.采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了材料的微观组织演变和拉伸断口形貌,用能谱仪(EDS)分析了Fe和Ag在Cu基体中的分布.结果表明,添加Ag可以细化初生的Fe枝晶,强化Cu基体,降低高温下Fe在Cu中的固溶度,材料的强度和电导率同时得到提高.但添加Ag后,材料的塑性变形能力降低,在较低的应变下,拉伸试样的断口就表现出剪切断裂特征.     

SiCw/MB15镁基复合材料超塑性

对SiCw/MB15镁基复合材料的超塑性变形行为进行了研究.结果表明:SiCw/MB15镁基复合材料在340℃,应变速率为1.66×10-2s-1变形条件下,断裂延伸率达到200%,应变速率敏感性指数m为0.35;超塑性变形后基体中出现了许多空洞和近似平行于断口的细小裂纹;晶须在基体中随机排布,失去了变形前轴向平行于挤压方向的特点,说明基体晶粒在变形中发生了滑动.     

反复荷载作用下碳纤维复合材料力电性能试验研究

碳纤维及其复合材料已广泛应用于土木工程领域,本文针对手工浸渍的环氧树脂基碳纤维布复合材料在反复荷载作用下的力电性能进行了系统的试验研究和分析.研究表明,在反复荷载作用下该类型复合材料的电阻变化率与应变关系曲线表现出与单调荷载作用下不同的新的特征.本文通过对试验结果的分析,进一步验证和深化了对碳纤维复合材料导电机理的认识,为进一步研究土木工程中环氧树脂基碳纤维复合材料的力电性能以及发展可实际应用的地震损伤自监测智能结构奠定了基础.     

SiC_w/MB15镁基复合材料超塑性

对 Si Cw/MB1 5镁基复合材料的超塑性变形行为进行了研究。结果表明 :Si Cw/MB1 5镁基复合材料在 340℃ ,应变速率为 1 .66× 1 0 - 2 s- 1变形条件下 ,断裂延伸率达到 2 0 0 % ,应变速率敏感性指数 m为 0 .35;超塑性变形后基体中出现了许多空洞和近似平行于断口的细小裂纹 ;晶须在基体中随机排布 ,失去了变形前轴向平行于挤压方向的特点 ,说明基体晶粒在变形中发生了滑动。     

冻结状态聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料抗压本构模型

为了研究冻融循环后的聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料在冻结状态下的抗压服役情况,设计了冻结聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料抗压试验,先对试样进行0～300次的冻融循环,冻融循环试验后在-18℃的持续低温环境下对试样进行抗压试验,分析试样的抗压应力-应变关系及影响机制。在此基础上,结合等效应力原理和统计损伤理论,建立了冻结状态聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料抗压本构模型,讨论了损伤变量随冻融循环次数的演化特征。结果表明：随着冻融循环次数的增加,冻结状态下聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料的抗压峰值强度降低,峰值应变增加,极限破坏时脆性特征显著,高冻融循环次数下试样的弹性模量主要由试样中的孔隙冰来提供。建立的模型可以较好地预测实际经受冻融循环作用后的聚乙烯醇纤维/水泥基复合材料在冻结状态下的抗压应力-应变关系,冻融损伤变量和总损伤变量与冻融次数有显著相关性。     

纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑性

研究了用电沉积方法制备的纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料的超塑特性,在试验温度410℃和450℃,应变速率为8.3×10-4s-1～5×10-2s-1的条件下,纳米Ni和Ni/SiCp纳米复合材料均表现出超塑性.当温度为450℃、应变速率为1.67×10-2s-1时,在Ni/SiCp中获得最大延伸率为836%;在同样的温度下应变速率为1.67×10-3s-1时纳米Ni获得最大延伸率为550%.对超塑性变形后组织的分析表明,晶界滑移是主要变形机制,晶粒长大至亚微米/微米量级后,变形机制是位错协调晶界滑移和位错滑移塑性.     

水下爆炸载荷作用下加筋板变形及开裂试验研究

为了解加筋板结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的变形模式,以及为数值仿真计算提供材料的开裂判据,通过试验研究,给出了加筋板的两种不同塑性变形模式.通过测量试验后加筋板裂纹的减薄率,利用体积等效原理确定了Q235钢在加筋板边界拉伸撕裂破坏模式中的开裂极限应变值,为结构在爆炸冲击作用下破损的数值仿真奠定了基础.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from