变风载下2.5MW风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统动力学特性分析

根据2.5 MW风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统在随机风场中复杂变工况的工作特点,利用双参数威布尔分布模型描述随机风速的分布,获得由随机风速引起的时变风载。采用集中参数法建立风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统平移-扭转耦合动力学模型。综合考虑风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统的轴承支撑刚度、齿轮副时变啮合刚度等内部激励对传系统的影响,对变风载下2.5 MW行星齿轮传动系统的动力学特性进行仿真计算分析,求得在外部风载作用下各构件的位移响应与速度响应,为风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统的故障诊断和优化设计奠定了良好的理论基础。     

立式风力发电机用永磁轴承的设计及其力学性能研究北大核心

为降低风力发电机的启动风速,从支承技术角度对1 k W立式风力发电机用永磁轴承结构设计及其力学性能进行了研究。对设计的永磁轴承进行了加工和装配,通过加载试验验证了理论分析的准确性,探索了永磁轴承的工业应用。结果表明:该轴承扩大了适应风场的区域,永磁轴承支承的风力发电机的转速及发电量明显高于滚动轴承支承的风力发电机。     

加速度包络解调方法在风力发电机滚动轴承早期故障诊断应用研究

滚动轴承是大型异步风力发电机核心零部件,在很大程度决定了风力发电机组的服役质量。滚动轴承在整个传动系统中极易受到相关工况的影响出现异常磨损,最终导致发电机组故障。提出一种基于加速度包络解调方法的大型异步风力发电机滚动轴承早期故障诊断技术,分别在单轴承故障诊断试验台和某型号大型异步风力发电机中对轴承内圈滚道面上存在早期微弱损伤的滚动轴承进行试验,试验结果表明：加速度包络解调方法是一种能比功率谱更准确识别出大型风电轴承微弱的早期故障的有效方法。     

立式风力发电机用永磁轴承的设计及其力学性能研究

为降低风力发电机的启动风速,从支承技术角度对1 k W立式风力发电机用永磁轴承结构设计及其力学性能进行了研究。对设计的永磁轴承进行了加工和装配,通过加载试验验证了理论分析的准确性,探索了永磁轴承的工业应用。结果表明:该轴承扩大了适应风场的区域,永磁轴承支承的风力发电机的转速及发电量明显高于滚动轴承支承的风力发电机。     

基于动力学的风电增速箱多级齿轮传动系统可靠性评估

针对风力发电机齿轮传动系统在变风速工况下失效率高的问题,在模拟真实风速的基础上,建立了考虑外部随机风载及内部轮齿时变啮合刚度、轴承时变刚度、综合传递误差等激励因素的风力发电机齿轮传动系统齿轮-轴承耦合动力学模型,通过对动力学模型进行仿真计算,得到了各齿轮副的动态啮合力和各支承轴承的动态接触力,并求得齿轮的使用系数、齿轮和轴承的载荷系数。在此基础上,建立了基于动力学的风电齿轮传动系统可靠性评估模型,并求得了各零件及传动系统的可靠度,较全面地评价了随机风载作用下风力发电机齿轮传动系统的可靠性,为风力发电机齿轮传动系统可靠性设计和动态优化奠定了基础。     

小型低风速风力发电机永磁轴承的设计与分析

风能是重要的可再生能源,低风速风能的利用对风力发电的发展有重要意义。磁力轴承能有效地减小风力发电机的启动阻力矩、降低启动风速。永磁轴承具有体积小、无功耗、结构简单、零响应时间等优点而被广泛应用。对永磁轴承的结构设计进行了分析,并采用轴向磁化轴向叠加多环径向永磁轴承作为低风速风力发电机主轴支承,用有限元法分析计算了的永磁径向轴承的径向力,完成了实验样机,对比实验表明,该样机的启动阻力矩比传统的风力发电机降低了40%。     

基于动力学的风力发电机齿轮传动系统模糊可靠性评估

针对风力发电机齿轮传动系统在变风速工况下失效率高的问题,在模拟真实风速的基础上,建立考虑外部随机风载及内部轮齿时变啮合刚度、轴承时变刚度及综合传递误差等激励因素的风力发电机齿轮传动系统齿轮)轴承耦合动力学模型,通过对动力学模型进行仿真计算,得到各齿轮副的动态啮合力和各支承轴承的动态接触力。在此基础上,利用有限单元法、赫兹接触理论和数理统计理论得到了传动系统各齿轮和各支承轴承的动态接触力的概率分布,基于应力)强度干涉理论建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统关键零部件的模糊可靠性模型,并计算了关键零部件及系统的模糊可靠度。     

风力发电机传动系统随机风速下的载荷特性研究

根据随机风速模拟方法、风力机气动载荷计算方法、发电机矢量控制方法和风力发电机传动系统的机电耦合模型,建立了风力发电机传动系统在随机风速下的载荷模型,利用该模型对风力发电机进行实例计算,得到了风力发电机传动系统随机载荷的有效样本。随机风速序列和随机载荷序列的对比分析表明,随机载荷序列与随机风速序列有相同的变化趋势和较好的相关性,并有类似的频谱特性,从而为进一步研究风力发电机传动系统在复杂工况下的载荷变化规律及进行载荷谱的编制奠定了基础。     

风力发电机用轴承简述

介绍了风力发电机中涉及到轴承部件的工作条件,风力发电机用轴承的常用类型及其在风力发电机内的安装位置、工作条件等应用方面的内容。     

随机风载作用下风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态可靠性分析

运用最小二乘支持向量机(Sparse least squares support vector machines,SLS-SVM)机器学习方法建立风场随机风速模型,根据随机风速模型和空气动力学理论得到随机风引起的系统外部载荷激励,建立考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度和滚动轴承时变刚度的风力发电机行星齿轮传动系统齿轮—轴承耦合动力学模型,并对动力学模型进行仿真计算,分别得到各齿轮副的动态啮合力和滚动轴承动态接触力。以此为基础,将载荷作用过程视为随机过程,推导出随机载荷作用下的等效载荷累计分布函数。根据应力—强度干涉理论建立风力发电机齿轮传动系统各齿轮和轴承的动态可靠性模型,利用二阶矩和摄动方法求出各齿轮、轴承的动态可靠性指标,并计算出动态可靠度,研究各齿轮、轴承和传动系统的动态可靠度随时间的变化规律,为风力发电机齿轮传动系统动态可靠性设计奠定了基础。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.