Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanowire-Nanowall-Like Hybrid Structures on Graphene

ZnO nanowire-nanowall-like hybrid structure on graphene was synthesized with a simple chemical vapor deposition technique. This was done without a template by utilizing a catalyst to control the growth time and condensation. The surface morphology of nanostructure was characterized by using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). We found that the ZnO nanowire-nanowall-like hybrid structure was uniformly deposited on the graphene. The extremely strong ZnO (0002) peaks were observed by using x-ray diffraction (XRD). This method showed the preferred (0001) orientation and high crystalline quality of the ZnO nanostructures. The optical properties were investigated utilizing photoluminescence (PL). These results showed the strong green-yellow emission attributed to the robust inner reflection and scattering. This simplified method has great potential in synthesizing uniform ZnO nanowire-nanowall-like hybrid structures on graphene. These nanostructures may have important applications in new types of flexible gas sensors or other fields demanding high surface area materials.     

Tensile Properties of Nitrate Glycerol Ether Cellulose/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

A nanocomposite film of nitrate glycerol ether cellulose (NGEC)/graphene oxide (GO) was presented by a casting/evaporation technique. The effect of GO contents on mechanical properties of the NGEC/GO films was studied. Compared with pristine NGEC, the integration of 0.5 wt% GO resulted in 40%, 38% and 44% increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation at break of the NGEC/GO film.     

锅炉高温受热面蒸汽氧化皮微观结构和剥落敏感性研究

氧化皮的微观结构包含了平面晶粒形貌和剖面分层结构等多维信息。氧化皮剥落敏感性与微观结构有着密不可分的联系。通过对多种材料、运行工况（运行时间、温度和方式）和化学工况下氧化皮微区结构进行对比分析,氧化皮的平面晶粒形貌特征可以提炼出晶粒类型和大小、柱状和切面特性等特征描述晶粒的镶嵌性能,剖面分层结构特征可以通过厚度、分层程度、空洞含量等加以表征。两个维度信息的结合,可以综合判断氧化皮状态、生长阶段和剥落敏感性,为预测、预防氧化皮危害提供决策依据。     

反应合成AgSnO2电接触材料的组织与性能研究

采用反应合成技术和传统粉末冶金技术制备银氧化锡(AgSnO2)电接触材料。利用千瓦CO2激光器模仿电弧作用在试样表面产生局部熔化，对AgSnO2块体材料进行抗熔蚀性测试。对AgSnO：块体材料进行电导率测试和X射线衍射分析，对块体材料及冷拉拔的AgSnO2线材进行显微组织分析(扫描电镜、透射电镜)。研究结果表明，采用反应合成技术可以在银基体中合成尺寸细小、界面新鲜的SnO2颗粒，所制备的AgSnO2电接触材料中，微米级的SnO2颗粒系由纳米级的SnO2颗粒聚集而成I反应合成法制备的AgSnOz电接触材料较传统粉末冶金法制备的AgSnO2电接触材料具有更高的导电性和抗熔蚀性；该方法制备的AgSnO2电接触材料由于改变了Ag、SnO2的结合状态使材料的加工性能、导电性能和抗熔蚀性同时得到改善和提高。     

Study on Graphene Oxide-Modified Polyacrylonitrile Hollow Fiber Membrane

Abstract

In this paper, a multilayer diazo resin-graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite membrane was prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly and UV-induced modification of commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) hollow fiber membranes grafted with diazo resin (DR) and graphene oxide (GO). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis (TG), water flux and adsorption properties of heavy metals were studied. The results showed that diazo resin (DR) and graphene oxide (GO) were successfully grafted onto PAN membranes by layer-by-layer self-assembly. Carbonyl and carboxyl groups appeared on the surface of the modified PAN membranes; layer-by-layer self-assembly modification did not destroy the original morphology of PAN membranes, resulting in smaller pore size and higher surface roughness; hydrophilicity of the modified PAN-(DR-GO)₃ membranes. The contact angle of pure water decreases from 87.8 degrees to 55.5 degrees, and the water flux increases from 733.30?g.m^?1.h^?1 to 1250.48?g.m^?1.h^?1. The thermo gravimetric curves of PAN films before and after modification did not change significantly, and the PAN films before and after modification had good thermal stability. The modified PAN membrane can achieve adsorption equilibrium in a relatively short time, and has good adsorption performance for heavy copper ions, with the adsorption rate as high as 92%.     

生物质再燃脱硝特性的实验研究

沉降炉实验结果表明,生物质再燃可以获得70%左右的脱硝效率。在1373 K温度范围内,随着温度的升高,棉秆、麦秆、梧桐木和松木的再燃脱硝效率均有提高。为保证较高的脱硝效率,再燃区过量空气系数、再燃比以及停留时间应分别为0.6～0.8、20%和0.7 s左右。同时,燃料粒径对脱硝效率影响不明显。而随着NO初始浓度的增加,脱硝效率得到相应的提高。     

微结构光纤的色散特性及其最新进展

文章介绍了微结构光纤的可控色散特性。首先,通过调整包层空气孔直径和包层空气孔之间的距离,实现微结构光纤零色散位移、极宽波段色散平坦和色散符合的改变;其次,重点对微结构光纤的研究进展情况进行分类评述,总结了国内外在微结构光纤色散特性方面现有的研究成果,并对各类微结构光纤的性能优势以及在未来高速、超高速光纤通信系统中的应用前景进行了研究。     

高磁损耗型FeCoB-SiO2纳米颗粒膜的微结构与微波电磁特性

采用磁控溅射工艺制备了磁损耗型FeCoB-SiO2磁性纳米颗粒膜。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描探针显微镜、透射电子显微镜观测样品的微结构和形貌特征,采用振动样品磁强计、四探针法、微波矢量分析仪及微带短路扫频测量方法测量薄膜试样的磁电性能和微波磁导率。重点分析了SiO2电介质含量、薄膜微结构对样品电磁性能的影响。结果表明,所制备的FeCoB-SiO2纳米颗粒膜具有良好的软磁性能和高频电磁性能,2GHz时复磁导率实部和虚部均高于80,可以应用于抗电磁干扰和微波吸收材料。     

Y2O3掺杂ZnO-Bi2O3压敏瓷的显微组织和电性能

为了提高氧化锌压敏瓷的综合电性能,采用高能球磨制备Y2O3掺杂ZnO压敏瓷,通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射对其显微组织和相成分进行了分析,探讨了Y2O3对氧化锌压敏瓷电性能和显微组织影响机理。结果表明,Y2O3掺杂摩尔分数在0～1.00%时,压敏瓷的电位梯度为332～597V/mm,非线性系数为23.6～40.1,漏电流为0.06～0.90μA。当Y2O3掺杂摩尔分数为0.60%时氧化锌压敏瓷的综合电性能最好,压敏瓷电位梯度为482V/mm,非线性系数为35,漏电流为0.17μA。掺杂Y2O3使压敏瓷晶粒细化是由于Y2O3或者单独以Y2O3氧化物形式存在,钉扎在晶界,阻碍晶粒长大;或者与Bi2O3固溶形成含Y的富铋相,使Bi2O3促进晶粒生长的作用受到抑制。     

聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合物的显微结构及其树枝化性能

电树枝是一种发生在高分子材料中的电致裂纹现象,是一种严重威胁以高聚物为主要绝缘材料的电力设备运行安全的电老化现象.为了分析蒙脱土对聚乙烯电树枝化的抑制作用,本文采用熔融插层法制备了聚乙烯/蒙脱土(PE/MMT)复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜对其结构进行了表征,证实了该复合材料基本上达到了纳米数量级,即形成了纳米复合材料.试验研究了交、直流电压作用下纯聚乙烯(PE)和PE/MMT纳米复合材料的树枝化特性(如电树生长速度、分形维数等特征),结果表明聚乙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料对电树具有较好的抑制效果.     

基于ZnO/Graphene纳米复合材料紫外光探测器的制备与实现

利用化学气相沉积法制备氧化锌（ZnO）纳米线,通过微加工工艺获得了基于 ZnO 纳米线与ZnO石墨烯量子点纳米复合材料的紫外光探测器。ZnO 石墨烯纳米复合材料的结构和表面形貌通过 X 射线电子衍射和扫描电镜来表征,结果表明,ZnO 纳米线的直径约为33 nm,与石墨烯量子点很好地复合在了一起。利用紫外可见吸收谱对样品的光吸收进行了记录,实验表明,基于ZnO复合石墨烯量子点纳米复合材料的紫外探测器在 UV 照射下显示出良好的光响应行为,该类型基于ZnO复合石墨烯量子点探测器可能在ZnO紫外探测的应用方面具有潜在的意义。     

天然气再燃还原NO的动力学模拟

在考虑再燃机理中一些关键反应步骤的基础上,建立了天然气再燃还原NO的化学动力学模型,包含40种组分和165个化学基元反应。介绍了NO还原的简化反应路径。模型的计算结果表明:NO的分解与HCN、CHi和CO组分的关联性极大;再燃区过量空气系数在0.7～0.75之间、温度在1 500～1 550 K之间时还原效果最好。     

高强高导电Cu-Cr-Zr合金时效过程中组织和性能的演化

为阐明Cu-Cr-Zr合金时效过程中的组织性演化规律,本文对经过连续铸造、固溶和冷拉拔的Cu-1.5Cr-0.2Zr合金进行时效处理,研究了时效温度和时效时间对该合金组织和性能的影响,并对该合金在不同温度下的时效行为进行了分析。结果表明:对Cu-Cr-Zr合金施以450℃/3 h时效可获得最佳的性能组合,其显微硬度和导电率分别为241 HV和72.5%IACS。时效时合金化元素的脱溶使合金基体的过饱和度降低,发生了合金化元素再分配过程。时效态Cu-Cr-Zr合金的断裂机制为微孔聚集型延性断裂。     

Influence of the Lead Source Materials on the Microstructure and Ferroelectric Properties of PZT Films Sputter-Deposited Using Lead and Lead Oxide

In this investigation, PZT films were sputter-deposited on Si/SiO₂/Ti/Pt substrates using a dual-target system. The dual targets Pb/PZT(PbZr_0.54Ti_0.46O₃) and PbO/PZT(PbZr_0.54Ti_0.46O₃) were used to reveal the effects of various lead compensation source materials on the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of the films. The structures of the films were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The chemical binding state was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). Ferroelectric polarizability was measured using a Radiant Technology RT66A tester. The influence of deposition temperatures on the microstructure and ferroelectric properties of the films was studied. Perovskite PZT films were successfully deposited using the Pb/PZT and the PbO/PZT dual target sputtering systems at a substrate temperature of between 500 and 580C. Structural change was elucidated as a function of deposition temperatures and the lead sources were correlated with the ferroelectric properties of the film. The ferroelectric characteristics of the PZT films deposited using the PbO/PZT dual target were better than those of films deposited using the Pb/PZT dual target, because the former films had a higher bonding energy.     

反应合成AgSnO2电接触材料烧结坯的显微组织分析

研究了粉末冶金法和反应合成法制备的银氧化锡(AgSnO2)复合材料烧结坯在组织上的区别。两种方法制备的AgSnO2复合材料,随着SnO2含量的增加,材料组织的均匀性呈下降趋势。而相同成分的材料,反应合成法制备的AgSnO2复合材料的烧结坯的组织更均匀且呈网状分布,粉末冶金法制备的AgSnO2复合材料的烧结坯的组织结构杂乱,氧化锡团聚严重。反应合成法有可能成为高性能AgSnO2电棒触材料制各的新技术和新工艺。     

Combination of Mn-Ni Oxide Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes through Nitrogen-Doping to Catalyze Oxygen Reduction

Abstract

With the depletion of petrochemical energy and the greenhouse effect issues caused by petrochemical energy. It is imperative to develop a kind of fuel cell has the advantages of environmental-friendly, energy saving, and low waste emission, which has great potential in future. Therefore, it’s necessary to develop a composite material with low-cost, environmental-friendly, and good stability to replace the Pt-based electrocatalyst. In this research, we prepared the Mn,Ni-doped carbon nanotubes (Mn,Ni/NCNTs) by one-step in-situ method. The transition metal (Mn, Ni) nanoparticles were coated on the acidified-carbon nanotubes to prepare the precursor. After calcined at a certain temperature, the Mn,Ni/NCNTs composite was obtained successfully. The catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared by different transition metals and different calcination temperatures were systematically studied. The results showed the produced composites had layered tubular structure, large surface area, and possessed excellent stability and methanol resistance. This kind of composite is a promising catalyst in the future practical application.     

超导磁体脉冲冲击下MOV的破坏特性微观分析

为了将氧化锌电阻阀片(MOV)用于超导磁体的保护,研究了MOV在高温超导磁体产生的脉冲下的冲击破坏过程中的电气特性变化;还通过破坏后MOV的金相分析、SEM微观分析以及成分分析,研究了MOV破坏前后的微观特性的变化;最后讨论了MOV在超导磁体脉冲破坏下的机理,并针对MOV用于在超导磁体保护提出了改进建议,认为保护用阀片应该采取低压大通流氧化锌压敏陶瓷材料,且应该在配方确定的基础上,探索先进的工艺技术改善阀片的性能。     

Co掺杂对CeO2显微结构及磁性能的影响

近年来宽禁带稀磁性氧化物半导体由于其高的居里温度在自旋电子学领域受到广泛的关注.用固相反应法制备Co掺杂的CeO2稀磁性氧化物半导体,研究了Co掺杂对其显微形貌及磁性能的影响.结果表明,1300℃烧结的样品结晶形态明显,晶粒较大,结构致密,密度最高;掺杂Co的CeO2样品都具有很好的室温铁磁性,且饱和磁化强度Ms随Co浓度的增加先增大后减小;1300℃烧结、掺3at%Co的Ce0.97Co0.03O2具有最强的室温铁磁性(0.23μB/Co).     

石油焦流化床燃烧过程铁金属脱硝的实验研究

在流化床内添加脱硝剂是降低氮氧化物排放的有效途径之一，该文对铁基脱硝剂进行了实验研究。在实验室规模流化床反应台架上，模拟流化床燃烧石油焦的气氛，研究了铁对氮氧化物排放的影响，并考察了流化床密相区中CO，石油焦焦炭，石灰石等对铁与氮氧化物之间的多相反应的影响。结果表明：Fe对NO有很强的还原作用；石油焦焦炭和CO对Fe与NO之间的多相反应具有很强的促进作用，可还原Fe的氧化物，延长Fe的作用时间；而石灰石对Fe与NO之间的多相反应几乎没有作用。在流化床燃石油焦过程中，Fe可有效降低NO的排放。     

选择性非催化还原脱硝特性试验研究

采用锅炉燃烧模拟装置研究了氨水和尿素的选择性非催化还原(selective non-catalytic reduction,SNCR)脱硝性能,考察了工况参数对脱硝效率的影响,并研究了添加剂碳酸钠、乙醇、甘油和乙酸甲酯对SNCR脱硝特性的影响。试验结果表明氨水和尿素脱硝适宜工况参数：温度窗口927~ 1 110 ℃,最佳反应温度约1 000 ℃,停留时间约为1.2 s,氨氮比为1.5。氨氮比为1.5的典型试验条件下时,氨水和尿素的最大脱硝效率为90%左右。一定参数范围内,增加氨氮比、增加停留时间、较高的初始NO浓度都会提高SNCR脱硝效率。烟气中氧浓度增大尿素的脱硝效率明显降低,氨水的还原能力降低不明显。碳酸钠可以拓宽SNCR温度窗口,并使其向低温方相移动。有机添加剂在较低温度下激发还原反应,提高低温下氨剂还原效率,降低了最大脱硝效率。碳酸钠可以减少喷入氨剂引起的CO排放,在较低温度下有机添加剂可不同程度地增加CO排放。