石墨烯对无铬达克罗涂层耐蚀性能影响

针对无铬达克罗防腐性能较差的问题,向涂液中添加不同含量石墨烯制备复合涂层以期提升涂层的耐蚀性能。实验采用硝酸铵快速腐蚀实验、浸泡实验、中性盐雾实验测试了涂层的耐蚀性能,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、Raman等方法观察分析了涂层腐蚀前后的组织形貌以及成分变化,明确了石墨烯在无铬达克罗涂层中的形貌与状态,并结合电化学实验,测试了4种涂层在模拟海水(3.5%(质量分数) NaCl溶液)中的Tafel极化曲线以及电化学阻抗谱,对其结果进行比较且应用相应的等效电路分析了其提高防腐性能的机理。结果表明:在腐蚀过程中Zn最先被消耗,Al与其他物质发生化学反应生成难溶于水的致密腐蚀产物;石墨烯以片状的结构嵌在锌铝粉之间,与片状锌铝粉相互交叠、保持平行,增加了涂层的致密性;加入少量石墨烯能够使无铬达克罗涂层的自腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低;涂层Nyquist低频半径和Bode幅值在同一时间段内的最大值均为0.12%石墨烯增强涂层,耐盐雾能力最佳。石墨烯加强了无铬达克罗涂层机械的壁垒保护作用,延缓了电解质溶液渗入的进程。     

汽车表面达克罗防腐涂层的组织和性能

介绍了达克罗技术在汽车工业中的应用情况，对达克罗防腐涂层表面组织形貌和耐腐蚀性能进行了研究，并和镀锌、镀铝涂层的耐腐蚀性能进行对比。结果表明，锌、铝、铬等元素在达克罗涂层中分布均匀，片状的锌粉和铝粉层叠，而无定形的铬酸盐聚合物分布在锌、铝之间。涂层覆盖在被保护工件表面，形成牢固的防腐蚀保护涂层。     

一种水基无铬达克罗涂层的制备方法及其性能

以片状铝粉和锌粉为填料,硅烷偶联剂KH-560和硼酸、复合磷酸二氢盐为成膜物质,在低碳钢工件表面制备了一种水基无铬达克罗涂料。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和中性盐雾试验、电化学测试,对涂层的表面形貌、成分、附着力及耐蚀性进行了分析。结果表明：制备的水基无铬达克罗涂层具有良好的稳定性,在60℃、48 h条件下涂层不发生变化;涂装后的无铬水基涂层表面均匀平整,无明显缺陷;在600 h中性盐雾试验后,涂层表面无红锈;水基无铬达克罗涂层的自腐蚀电位负移,腐蚀电流降低一个数量级,说明涂层试样的耐蚀性提高,涂层具有良好的防护性能。     

氧化钇纳米颗粒对无铬达克罗涂层耐蚀性能的影响

采用极化曲线、中性盐雾测试、SEM和EDX方法,探讨了Y2O3纳米颗粒对普通碳钢表面无铬达克罗涂层耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：无铬达克罗涂层中掺杂少量Y2O3纳米颗粒可增强其耐蚀性能,使涂层的腐蚀电位升高,腐蚀电流密度降低。Y2O3纳米颗粒不仅可抑制阴极还原反应,从而控制整个腐蚀过程,也可作为物理屏障阻碍腐蚀介质对涂层内部的渗透,但它不能改变极化曲线形状。本无铬达克罗涂层中Y2O3的最佳含量为20 g/L。     

石墨烯改性环氧树脂涂层的制备及其性能

为增强传统环氧树脂涂料的耐腐蚀性能,将改性石墨烯与涂料复合,制备了不同石墨烯含量的复合涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、接触角测定仪、显微红外光谱仪、热重分析仪、多功能表面测试仪等表征了添加不同含量石墨烯涂层前后的截面形貌、接触角、耐热性能以及摩擦磨损性能;采用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、极化曲线研究涂层浸泡在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的电化学行为,并通过中性盐雾试验测试不同石墨烯含量涂层的耐盐雾腐蚀性能。结果表明:当石墨烯添加量为1%时,涂层各方面性能相对最佳。与未添加改性石墨烯涂层相比,改性石墨烯涂层的接触角增加5°,疏水性能增加;平均摩擦因数从0.28降至0.08,耐磨损性能提高;自腐蚀电流减小,自腐蚀电位正移耐腐蚀性能显著增强;1 800 h盐雾试验中1%石墨烯涂料样板未发生明显腐蚀。     

新型达克罗涂层的制备与组织结构

目的 制备环保的无铬达克罗涂层,研究涂层烧结和腐蚀前后微观组织结构的变化,探究涂层的防腐机制。方法 用锌铝合金粉替代锌铝混合粉,钼酸盐和硅烷偶联剂取代铬酸盐制备无铬达克罗涂料,采用喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上涂装制备涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析涂层在烧结和腐蚀前后的物相组成。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)分析涂层在烧结和腐蚀前后微观组织形貌的变化。结果 钢基体上无铬达克罗涂层组织致密,表面平滑,呈银灰色,无明显孔隙,涂层厚度为8~12 μm。涂层烧结前后表面均由富锌α相、富铝η相和Fe相组成,但烧结后物相的结晶程度较高,未有新相产生。涂层与基体结合紧密在于涂层中的Zn和Al与基体中的Fe在结合界面处相互扩散形成冶金结合。在浸泡试验中,锌铝合金粉优先溶解为海绵状组织,随后与腐蚀介质反应生成针状成岛状分布的腐蚀产物,腐蚀产物包括Zn5(OH)8Cl.H2O、Al5Cl3(OH)12.4H2O、Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2和少量Fe(OH)3。结论 烧结有利于提高涂层物相的结晶度和涂层表面的致密性,有效发挥涂层物理屏蔽作用。涂层腐蚀防护机制为:腐蚀初期主要发挥片状锌铝粉片层状结构的物理屏蔽作用和腐蚀产物填充涂层破坏区域的自修复作用,随着腐蚀时间的延长,涂层发挥牺牲阳极的阴极保护作用。     

锌铝涂层的研究开发与应用

锌铝涂层(也叫达克罗涂层)是一种新兴的金属防腐涂覆技术。它具有高耐蚀、无污染、无氢脆等优点。对锌铝涂层的配方、工艺及其应用进行了研究。通过对分散剂、流平剂等的优选,获得了多层片状叠加的致密涂层。通过盐雾试验和酸碱浸泡腐蚀试验比较了锌铝涂层、磷化膜和电镀锌层的性能,表明锌铝涂层是一种优良的耐腐蚀涂层。     

环境友好型达克罗处理技术的现状及研究进展

达克罗涂层的无氢脆、耐高温、强耐腐蚀性、附着力良好、高渗透性和强涂覆能力等特点使其近年来广泛用于汽车、家用电器、建筑、石油化工等领域。然而该涂层中的Cr⁶⁺由于具有较强的致癌、致畸、致突变作用而受到限制,且其硬度仅有1～2H,抗划伤能力差,耐磨性低,因此使用该图层的工件不适用于硬度和耐磨性要求高的场合。本文先介绍了达克罗涂液的主要组成成分(金属粉末、溶剂、铬酸盐钝化剂和特殊有机物)及铬酸盐在达克罗涂层中的作用(钝化作用、黏结作用和自愈作用);接着从环境友好型达克罗防腐涂层的成膜物质-铬酸盐替代物(无铬钝化剂-含氧酸盐及氧化物、稀土盐和有机黏结剂-硅烷偶联剂、硅烷偶联剂+缓蚀剂、树脂+缓蚀剂)的选取、无铬钝化液的配方优化、纳米微粒增强达克罗涂层三方面分别综述了国内外关于提高环境友好型达克罗涂层的硬度和耐蚀性,指出了各种成膜物质的不足并指出进一步的研究方向;最后简要介绍了稀土改性达克罗处理技术的防腐蚀机理,对环境友好型达克罗涂层研究中存在的问题进行了归纳,并对其发展方向进行了展望。在总结与分析的基础上可知,随着环境保护要求的提高,开发由有机聚合物(硅烷或树脂)和稀土盐...     

建筑用镀锌钢板的表面处理及耐蚀性能研究

对比分析了建筑用镀锌基材、铬酸盐钝化膜和无铬复合膜在中性盐雾试验、醋酸铅点滴试验和电化学腐蚀试验中的腐蚀行为,并观察了镀锌基材钝化前后的表面形貌和元素变化。结果表明,无铬复合膜的耐腐蚀性能得到显著提高,与铬酸盐钝化效果较为接近。     

改性环氧树脂无铬达克罗涂层的制备及其性能

实施了用聚氨酯改性环氧树脂替代铬酐制备无铬达克罗涂层的工艺,运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)手段分析了所制备涂层的形貌和成分,通过动电位极化曲线,电化学阻抗(EIS),耐硝酸铵快速腐蚀试验,盐水浸泡试验等方法对涂层的耐蚀性进行了评价和研究。结果表明:树脂固化交联形成致密、均一、连续的膜层,有效阻止腐蚀介质的侵入,提高了涂层的耐蚀性;涂层主要成分为Zn和Al,当腐蚀介质侵入时,锌铝粉钝化生成氧化物,其防腐蚀机理主要是屏蔽作用、电化学作用及钝化作用。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。