基于平行Petri网的制造系统调度与控制一体化方法

为了消除制造系统调度层与控制层之间的隔阂,实现对生产事件快速灵活响应,本文提出了一种调度与控制一体化的方法.首先,定义了一种新型Petri网模型,即平行Petri网,从而集成地描述了传感器、执行器、任务和资源信息,构建制造系统的信息物理系统模型;其次,提出了一种从平行Petri网到赋时Petri网的抽象简化方法,大规模压缩优化调度所需搜索的状态空间;再次,定义了策略Petri网以描述最优调度策略.最后,给出了平行Petri网与策略Petri网同步执行算法,使得平行Petri网与物理系统同步执行.     

Petri网在自动焊接机机械手程序设计中的应用

可编程控制器(PLC)在自动化生产过程中有着广泛的应用,它的程序设计主要通过梯形图实现。本文阐述了采用Petri网进行的程序设计和分析,能够更加准确描述PLC的控制过程,并重点介绍了Petri网替代梯形图进行自动焊接机机械手程序设计的方法和步骤。     

基于PLC技术的机电设备作动系统协调控制仿真

传统方法在进行机电设备作动系统调控时,存在协调控制误差较大,执行效率差等问题.结合PLC技术,提出一种机电设备作动系统协调控制方法.结合PLC技术中的Petri网法,组建Petri网控制模型;分析Petri网控制模型和梯形图之间的转换关系,完成机电设备作动系统的Petri网建模.将控制模型转换为PLC协调控制程序,以达到机电设备作动系统协调控制的目的.为验证提出方法的有效性,设计对比实验.结果表明,所提方法能够有效降低机电设备作动系统协调控制误差,同时增强系统的执行效率.     

基于逻辑Petri网的服务流程结构演化研究

流程结构演化是实现服务流程重构的一种有效手段,可以充分利用已有流程资源快速定制满足新业务需求的服务流程.然而,当前服务演化研究多关注于流程局部组成服务以及接口参数的兼容替换,对于流程结构演化所提供的操作过于简单,难以应对复杂流程演化场景.针对上述问题,提出一种基于逻辑Petri网的服务流程结构演化形式化描述方法.利用逻辑Petri网将服务流程建模为服务网,在服务网的基础上,针对不同的演化需求构建相应的结构演化运算;引入结构范式概念评价服务流程的结构健壮性,并借助逻辑Petri网的结构性质来分析与验证所建立的演化运算对流程结构范式的级别保持问题.给出了基于流程结构演化的服务流程定制框架,并基于所提出结构演化运算设计开发了仿真验证平台,验证了方法的有效性.     

一类Petri网及其在离散事件系统的仿真与控制中的应用

设计和实现了一类Petri网--控制Petri网,基于控制Petri网,给出了离散事件系统的仿真与控制的算法和离散事件系统控制的实现方案,最后以柔性机床为例,演示了基于控制Petri网的离散事件系统的仿真与控制过程.结果表明,使用控制Petri网可以有效地模拟和控制离散事件系统.     

描述CPS物理实体的时空Petri网模型

时间Petri网在经典Petri网的基础上引入了时间因素,不仅能分析逻辑层次的系统性能,还能分析时间层次的系统性能,然而包含空间因素的信息物理融合系统(cyber-physical system,CPS)的产生需要对时间Petri网进行拓展。CPS集成计算系统和物理系统,不仅能够实时感知物理环境信息,并且能够通过物理实体改变物理环境。对CPS的物理层面特点进行了深入分析,研究了CPS物理实体的属性及其位置变迁过程,提出了一种CPS物理实体的形式化建模方法。在时间Petri网的基础上引入了空间因素,构造了时空Petri网模型,使其不仅能够描述物理实体逻辑及时间层次的行为,并且能够描述物理实体位置变迁所引起的状态变化。最后以机器人控制系统为例,进一步阐述了时空Petri网模型的有效性。     

基于Petri网的PLC系统设计分析与远程监控

Petri网在离散事件的动态仿真中有着广泛的应用,而如何将Petri网应用到离散制造系统中具有重大的价值.以离散制造业中最常见的搬运机械手模型为基础,提出了它的Petri网模型设计方法,并且利用科学的转换方法将Petri网转化为梯形图,应用到在制造业中广泛使用的PLC系统中.利用这种设计方法,不仅能够轻松地将Petri网应用到实践当中,还能够对模型的死锁、生产周期和不变量进行定量的分析,给制造系统进行管理控制、故障诊断和现场监控带来方便.     

形式化方法和信号解释Petri 网在PLC 编程中的应用

针对传统的PLC 编程方式在解决复杂控制问题时存在的缺陷,采用一种将形式化和信号解释Petri 网(SIPN)应用于PLC 程序设计的方法. 通过一个机器人焊接单元的例子来说明这一设计过程,首先建立系统控制算法的信号解释Petri 网模型,验证其是否满足基本Petri 网的安全性、活性和可逆性的特征,然后利用模型检测工具Cadence SMV 对系统模型进行验证和确认(V&V),检验其是否满足SIPN 的确定性、终止性和输出正确性,从而避免了控制算法的设计过程中可能出现的并发、冲突和死锁等事件,由此设计出具有更高的正确性和可靠度的PLC 程序.     

Petri网的硬件实现

Petri网是异步并发现象建模的重要工具,Petri网的硬件实现将为并行控制器的设计提供有效的途径.给出了几种Petri网系统的硬件实现方法,包括带抑制弧和允许弧的C/E系统、P/T系统、T-时延Petri网系统;给出了硬件实现中非纯网的处理方法.首先讨论实现各种Petri网的逻辑电路;然后用ABEL语言对逻辑电路进行描述;最后给出了一个用解释Petri网描述的服务系统的例子,说明如何使用硬件(CPLD)实现的方法.实验结果表明了上述方法的正确性.这对于离散事件动态系统控制器的设计,尤其是片上并行控制器、多处理器芯片的设计都具有十分重要的意义.     

自动制造系统异常情况Petri网控制器的形式化设计方法

CIMS,FMS等自动制造系统的控制器一般由有序控制器和异常情况处理控制器两个部 分组成.两者都可以用Petri网来实现.这里讨论用于异常情况处理的Petri网控制器的形 式化设计方法,其基本思想是利用状态表作为异常情况处理的规格说明语言,然后将状态表形 式化描述为MOORE自动机,最后给出构造与MOORE自动机行为等价的Petri网控制器 的形式化设计方法.并且用一个实例说明其设计过程.该方法也适用于Petri网的自动建 模.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。