Ba(Mg_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3热障涂层的制备及抗热震性能

以Ba CO_3、Mg O、Ta_2O_5为原料,采用固相反应法合成了Ba(Mg_(1/3)Ta_(2/3))O_3(BMT)陶瓷粉末,利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了BMT/YSZ(氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆)双层陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、SEM和金相显微镜检测了BMT粉体及涂层的物相组成和显微结构。采用水淬法考核了涂层的抗热震性能。结果表明:1450℃下煅烧4 h可合成出具有复合钙钛矿结构的BMT粉末,粉末具有良好的高温相结构稳定性。等离子喷涂制备的BMT/YSZ涂层组织致密,涂层系统中各界面结合紧密。涂层在室温至1150℃间热震9次后发生片状剥落,剥落位置位于BMT层内。BMT材料低的断裂韧性和第二相Ba_3Ta_5O_(15)的存在是导致涂层失效的主要原因。     

NiCrCoAlY粘结层表面等离子喷涂(La_(0.4)Sm_(0.5)Yb_(0.1))_2-Zr_2O_7涂层的热性能研究（英文）

采用大气等离子喷涂制备了(La_(0.4)Sm_(0.5)Yb_(0.1))_2-Zr_2O_7(LSYZO)涂层,并在相同的条件下制备了Sm_2Zr_2O_7涂层作为对比。分别用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析LSYZO涂层的微观形貌和相结构,并对2种涂层的热导率进行测定。结果表明,等离子喷涂后LSYZO涂层的相结构未发生变化。LSYZO涂层的结合强度为22 MPa,与SZO涂层相当。LSYZO涂层热震40次后发生失效,其热导率明显低于SZO涂层,这主要与LSYZO陶瓷自身的复杂结构有关。     

SiC-Al2O3-SiO2复合陶瓷涂层组织结构及抗烧蚀性能研究

目的提高C/C复合材料的抗氧化性能。方法采用大气等离子喷涂在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2(SAS)复合陶瓷涂层,并选用氧-乙炔在1500℃对涂层进行抗氧化烧蚀性能考核。利用XRD、SEM、EDS等检测分析手段,对团聚粉末和球化粉体以及烧蚀前后涂层的成分及组织进行检测。结果经过等离子球化处理后,三种粉体流动性为90 s/50 g左右,粉末松装密度为1 g/cm~3左右。与团聚的SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2粉体相比,粉末流动性提升了20%左右,松装密度提高了20%,更加适宜等离子喷涂工艺。采用球化处理SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2粉体制备得到的涂层组织明显优于采用团聚粉体制备的涂层,涂层致密区域明显增大,内部缺陷数量和尺寸减少。在1500℃烧蚀600s后,SiC-36%Al_2O_3-4%SiO_2涂层具有最佳的抗烧蚀效果,涂层整体完整,质量烧蚀率为1.62×10~(-4) g/s。结论 SiC-Al_2O_3-SiO_2体系解决了等离子喷涂制备SiC涂层过程中沉积率低、SiC分解的问题。SiC-Al_2O_3_-SiO_2涂层具有良好的抗氧化烧蚀效果,烧蚀过程中SiO_2和Al_2O_3形成的莫来石相具有良好的高温稳定性、抗热震性以及较低的热膨胀率和氧扩散率,可以进一步提高涂层的抗氧化烧蚀效果。     

Tb4O7掺杂Cr2O3-TiO2基高发射率涂层结构及辐射性能研究

目的提高Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的辐射性能。方法以Cr_2O_3、TiO_2、NiO、Tb_4O_7为原料,经喷雾干燥及高温烧结致密化处理,制备成具有尖晶石和钙钛矿混合结构的Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基复合团聚型粉体,利用大气等离子喷涂法在TC4钛合金表面制备Tb_4O_7掺杂型Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、IRE-2红外辐射测试仪,分别对样品的显微组织结构、物相组成及辐射性能进行了表征。结果团聚造粒后,复合粉体的球形度和流动性较好,可满足等离子喷涂连续使用。所制备的Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的熔化状态较好,扁平化程度较高,涂层中掺杂的Tb元素分布均匀。Tb~(4+)、Tb~(3+)等稀土元素离子,取代NiCr_2O_4尖晶石结构中半径相近的Ni~(2+)、Cr~(3+),导致单一晶体结构的整齐度被破坏,晶胞体积的变化引起晶体结构产生畸变,辐射条带显著加强和宽化。随着Tb_4O_7掺杂量的增多,涂层发射率逐渐上升,当掺杂量达到7.5%时,涂层在600℃的法向全发射率达到0.91。结论 Tb_4O_7稀土氧化物的加入可以有效提高Cr_2O_3-TiO_2基陶瓷涂层的发射率,稀土掺杂诱发尖晶石晶体结构畸变,从而改善涂层的辐射性能。     

纳米ZrO2-Y2O3-La2O3热障涂层的结构与性能研究

采用喷雾造粒工艺在纳米ZrO2-8wt％Y2O3(8YSZ)基体中添加了纳米La2O3,并进行团聚、热处理,作为喷涂喂料.NiCrAlY(Ni-25Cr-5Al-0.5Y,wt％)作为粘结层材料,采用等离子喷涂技术制备热障涂层.对涂层的组织结构和性能进行了表征与分析.结果表明:喷涂后涂层相组成只有稳定的t相;涂层具有典型的等离子喷涂结构;添加纳米LaO3能够降低涂层的热导率,且涂层的结合强度随掺杂量的增多而提高.     

反应等离子喷涂制备FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合涂层的研究

以铝粉和氧化铁粉为原料,制备出适于等离子喷涂的复合团聚粉体;并采用反应等离子喷涂技术制备出FeAl2O4-Al2O3-Fe复合涂层,用SEM和XRD分析了复合涂层的组织结构.结果表明反应等离子喷涂得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架,球状Fe相弥散分布于基体上的复合涂层.     

反应等离子喷涂制备FeAl2O4-A12O3-Fe复合涂层的研究

以铝粉和氧化铁粉为原料，制备出适于等离子喷涂的复合团聚粉体；并采用反应等离子喷涂技术制备出FeAl2O4-A12O3-Fe复合涂层，用SEM和XRD分析了复合涂层的组织结构。结果表明：反应等离子喷涂得到了以层状基体相FeAl2O4与硬质相Al2O3为骨架，球状Fe相弥散分布于基体上的复合涂层。     

等离子喷涂(La0.4Sm0.5Yb0.1)2Zr2O7涂层的热性能研究

本文采用大气等离子喷涂制备了(La0.4Sm0.5Yb0.1)2Zr2O7涂层,并在相同的条件下制备了Sm2Zr2O7涂层作为对比。分别用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪分析 LSYZO涂层的微观形貌和相结构,并对两种涂层的热导率进行测定。结果表明,等离子喷涂后LSYZO涂层的相结构未发生变化。LSYZO涂层的结合强度为22 MPa,与SZO涂层相当。LSYZO涂层热震40次后发生失效,其热导率明显低于SZO涂层,这主要与LSYZO陶瓷自身的复杂结构有关。     

等离子喷涂 NiCoCrAlY / Al2 O3 涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

目的制备等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3高温固体润滑耐磨涂层,并研究该涂层的摩擦性能和磨损机理。方法采用喷雾造粒、化工冶金包覆和固相合金化技术制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合粉体,用等离子喷涂技术在45#钢表面制备NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层。用SEM和XRD等手段分析粉体和涂层的显微结构和物相组成,研究涂层从室温到800℃的摩擦磨损性能,探讨NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层在室温和高温下的磨损机理。结果 Al2O3颗粒表面均匀包覆着一层致密的NiCoCrAlY合金,包覆层厚度大约为3~5μm;等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层呈典型的层状结构,涂层各层间结合良好,涂层中孔隙率约为2.84%,主晶相为Ni Cr Al合金相和Al2O3相。涂层的摩擦系数随温度的升高逐渐降低,在室温下约为0.64,800℃时在0.4以下。高温下,金属氧化物的形成是摩擦系数降低的主要原因。涂层的磨损率随温度的升高先升高后降低。涂层在低温下为脆性断裂和磨粒磨损,高温下为氧化磨损、磨粒磨损、塑性变形和金属氧化物的转移。结论等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY/Al2O3复合涂层是一种性能优良的高温固体润滑耐磨涂层。     

纳米Al_2O_3-13％TiO_2粉末及其等离子喷涂涂层的相变

将商用纳米Al_2O_3与TiO_2粉末混合制浆,通过喷雾造粒技术重构成大颗粒纳米Al_2O_3-13％T102团聚粉体,然后采用不同加热温度进行烧结,制备用于热喷涂的纳米喂料。采用等离子喷涂技术沉积形成纳米涂层。利用XRD和SEM对纳米粉末和涂层的形貌、显微结构和晶相进行表征。结果表明,在烧结过程中纳米氧化铝没有发生相变,而纳米氧化钛则由锐钛矿相转变为金红石相;在等离子喷涂过程中,部分a—Al_2O_3发生熔化转变为y—Al_2O_3,且转变量与喷涂工艺参数有关;而TiO_2相只在较低喷涂工艺参数下存在衍射峰,在较高喷涂工艺参数下则以z—A1203＂Ti02固溶体存在;涂层在热处理过程中会发生y．A1203向a—A1203的转变,且有Ti02相析出。     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

Mechanochemical synthesis of Al2O3-TiB2 nanocomposite powder from Al-TiO2-H3BO3 mixture

Alumina-titanium diboride nanocomposite (Al₂O₃-TiB₂) was produced using mixtures of titanium dioxide, acid boric and pure aluminum as raw materials via mechanochemical process. The phase transformation and structural characterization during mechanochemical process were utilized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analyses (TG-DTA) techniques. A thermodynamic appraisal showed that the reaction between TiO₂, B₂O₃ and Al is highly exothermic and should be self-sustaining. XRD analyses exhibited that the Al₂O₃-TiB₂ nanocomposite was formed after 1.5 h milling time. The results indicate that increasing milling time up to 40 h had no significant effect other than refining the crystallite size.     

Fe2O3-CaO-TiO2 体系下铁酸钙的合成过程及TiO2 和CaTiO3 的影响

为了确定高钛型钒钛磁铁矿烧结过程中铁酸钙的生成是受TiO₂还是TiO₂和CaO形成的CaTiO₃影响,首先利用Fe₂O₃和CaO的纯试剂合成了铁酸钙,并研究了TiO₂和CaTiO₃对钛铁酸钙 （FCT） 形成的影响。在Factsage 7.0软件进行热力学计算的基础上,通过在空气气氛下进行烧结,获得了在1023~1423 K温度范围内、不同烧结时间的不同样品。通过X射线衍射和扫描电镜-能谱分析等表征手段,对烧结样品的物相转变和微观结构变化进行了表征。发现FCT的形成过程主要分为2个阶段：前一阶段为1023~1223 K温度范围内Fe₂O₃与CaO之间的反应,合成产物为Ca₂Fe₂O₅,反应方程式为“Fe₂O₃(s)+ 2CaO(s)= Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)”;后一阶段为1223~1423 K温度范围内Ca₂Fe₂O₅和Fe₂O₃的反应,主要产物为CaFe₂O₄,反应为“Ca₂Fe₂O₅(s)+ Fe₂O₃(s)= 2CaFe₂O₄(s)”,该阶段尤其是温度为1423 K时,反应速率显著加快,随温度的升高CaTiO₃显著增加。然而,Ti元素在铁酸钙中的固溶很难实现,TiO₂与铁酸钙之间的反应不是形成FCT的有效途径。随着保温时间的延长,CaTiO₃和FCT相界中Fe元素含量增加。FCT主要是通过Fe组分在CaTiO₃中固溶形成的,主要反应是“Fe₂O₃+CaTiO₃(s)=FCT(s)”。     

CuInSe2 nano-crystallite reaction kinetics using solid state reaction from Cu2Se and In2Se3 powders

The reaction mechanism and CuInSe₂ formation kinetics using a solid state reaction from Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ powders synthesized using a heating up process were investigated using X-ray diffractomy (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was observed that the CuInSe₂ phase increased gradually, accompanied with a decrease in γ-In₂Se₃ with no intermediate phase as the calcination temperature and soaking time were increased. The reaction kinetics was analyzed using the Avrami and polynomial kinetic model, suggesting that CuInSe₂ formation from Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ powders follows a diffusion-controlled reaction with an apparent activation energy of about 122.5-182.3 kJ/mol. Cu₂Se and In₂Se₃ phases react and directly transform into CIS without the occurrence of any intermediate phase and the size of the newly formed CuInSe₂ crystallites was close to that of the Cu₂Se reactant particle based on the TEM results, which indicated that the solid reaction kinetics may be dominated by the diffusion of In³⁺ ions.     

Modification of TiO2 nanorods by Bi2MoO6 nanoparticles for high performance visible-light photocatalysis

In this work, TiO₂ nanorods were prepared by a hydrothermal process and then Bi₂MoO₆ nanoparticles were deposited onto the TiO₂ nanorods by a solvothermal process. The nanostructured Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites were extensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites was evaluated by degradation of methylene blue. The Bi₂MoO₆/TiO₂ composites exhibit higher catalytic activity than pure Bi₂MoO₆ and TiO₂ for degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). Further investigation revealed that the ratio of Bi₂MoO₆ to TiO₂ in the composites greatly influenced their photocatalytic activity. The experimental results indicated that the composite with Bi₂MoO₆:TiO₂ = 1:3 exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity. The enhancement mechanism of the composite catalysts was also discussed.     

SNDC/La2Mo2O9复合电解质材料的制备及性能表征

本文采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法(GNP)和溶胶凝胶法分别合成了Sm_0.1Nd_0.1Ce_0.8O_1.9(SNDC) 和La₂Mo₂O₉(LAMOX)粉末,并用常压烧结的方法制备了不同比例的SNDC和LAMOX的复合材料,通过XRD和SEM等手段表征了不同复合比例样品的物相和表面形貌并测试了烧结样品的电导率。结果表明,复合样品的电导率在相变点前后随着复合量增加变化趋势相反,其中LAMOX含量为20mol%的样品在550℃时的电导率能达到0.01S/cm,高于同温度下SNDC电导率。     

In-situ TiB2 and Al2O3 formation by DC plasma spraying

In-situ plasma spraying (IPS) is a promising process to fabricate composite coatings with in-situ formed thermodynamically stable phases. In the present study, mechanically alloyed Al-12Si, B₂O₃ and TiO₂ powder was deposited onto an aluminum substrate using atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). It has been observed that, during the coating process, TiB₂ and Al₂O₃ are in-situ formed through the reaction between starting powders and finely dispersed in hypereutectic Al-Si matrix alloy. Also, obtained results demonstrate that in-situ reaction intensity strongly depends on spray conditions.     

CVD deposition and characterization of coloured Al2O3/ZrO2 multilayers

Coloured Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers have been deposited onto WC-Co based inserts by a CVD process. Through physical as well as optical analysis of such multilayers, colour is believed to originate from interference. The coatings are obtained with good process reproducibility. It was found that the ZrO₂ process used in the multilayer, with ZrCl₄ as the only metal chloride precursor, results in a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic ZrO₂ phases. However by adding a relatively small amount of AlCl₃ during such a process results in ZrO₂ layers being composed of predominantly tetragonal ZrO₂ phase. Corresponding multilayers seem to have a more fine grained and smoother morphology whereas multilayers containing monoclinic ZrO₂ phase seem to be less perfect with existence of larger grains of ZrO₂ which are believed to scatter light and alter the reflectance of such a multilayer. In addition to this, such multilayers were found to be free of or with greatly reduced amount of thermal cracks, normally present in pure CVD grown Al₂O₃ layers.It is believed that, in the studied Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ multilayers, the observed tetragonal ZrO₂ phase is the result of a size effect, where small enough ZrO₂ crystallites energetically favor the tetragonal phase. However as the ZrO₂ crystallite size distribution is shifted to larger sizes it is believed that a mixture of crystallites with both stable and metastable tetragonal phases as well as a stable monoclinic phase is obtained. The proposed metastable tetragonal ZrO₂ phase may in fact explain the absence of thermal cracks in such multilayers through a transformation toughening mechanism, well known in ZrO₂ based ceramics.     

Effect of Bi2O3 on structure and wetting studies of Bi2O3-ZnO-B2O3 glasses

Glasses with different Bi₂O₃ contents (37-42 mol%) have been prepared by conventional melt quench technique. The IR and Raman studies indicate that these glasses are made up of [BiO₆], [BiO₃], [BO₃] and [BO₄] basic structural units. The vibrations of [BiO₃] and [BO₃] become stronger as the content of Bi₂O₃ increases, which makes glass structure loosened. Viscosity of the glasses was measured by using a Rheotronic III paralleled plate rheometry, which shows that the viscosity of glass samples decreased when the content of Bi₂O₃ increased at the same temperature (400-460 °C). The temperature range which suits for glasses sealing was calculated by using the approximation of Arrhenian behaviour. The wetting performance of Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses was described by using high-temperature microscope, which also proves that the structure of investigated Bi₂O₃-ZnO-B₂O₃ glasses become loosened due to the increasing of the content of Bi₂O₃.     

国外多孔基体氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料工程应用进展

氧化铝/氧化铝复合材料(Al2O3/Al2O3)是20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,已经发展为与SiC/SiC、C/SiC等非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料并列的一类陶瓷基复合材料。与非氧化物陶瓷基复合材料相比,Al2O3/Al2O3具有长时抗氧化、高温耐腐蚀、低成本等独特优势,已经在航空发动机、地面燃气轮机等军民两用热结构材料领域展现出广阔的应用前景。本文从材料应用的角度出发,系统分析阐述了目前在Al2O3/Al2O3占主导地位的多孔基体Al2O3/Al2O3(P-Al2O3/Al2O3)的增韧机制、成型工艺和性能特点,重点归纳了国外近年来P-Al2O3/Al2O3的工程化应用进展及前景,最后指出了P-Al2O3/Al2O3存在的局限性并展望了未来发展方向,旨在为国内Al2O3/Al2O3体系发展提供借鉴和参考。