Gazetteer enrichment for addressing urban areas: a case study

The advent of volunteered geographical information (VGI) has contributed to the growth of the amount of user-contributed spatial data around the world. Spatial data acquired from crowdsourcing environments may contain valuable information which can be useful in other research fields, such as Digital gazetteers, commonly used in Geographic Information Retrieval. Digital gazetteers have a powerful role in the geoparsing process. They need to be kept up-to-date and as comprehensive as possible to enable geoparsers to perform lookup and then resolve toponym recognition precisely over digital documents. The detection of toponyms in digital texts such as social media posts is a bottom line for discovering useful spatially related information such as complaints regarding urban areas. In this context, this article proposes a method for gazetteer enrichment leveraging VGI data sources. Indeed VGI environments are not originally developed to work as gazetteers, however, they often contain more detailed and up-to-date information than gazetteers. Our method is applied within a geoparser environment by adapting its heuristics set besides enriching the corresponding gazetteer. A case study was performed by geoparsing Twitter posts focusing solely on the messages aiming at evaluating the performance of the enriched system. The obtained results were encouraging and have provided a good basis for discussion.     

Safety-aware routing for motorised tourists based on open data and VGI

Abstract

In this work, we present a routing approach avoiding relatively dangerous areas within a city. The information of how dangerous some urban areas are is derived using volunteered geographic information (VGI), governmental open data for detecting properties and functionalities of the urban infrastructure and historical crime data from police departments for detecting crime hot spots. Therefore, we present the basics of crime mapping and analysis with GIS, the practical use of VGI for routing and describe our contribution within the field of routing solutions. Afterwards, we explore our test data in detail. For the practical use, we simplify all the urban infrastructure information and propose a safety index, which represents the relative safety in the investigation area. Additionally, historical crime hot spots are detected and used as routing obstacles. The arcs in the road network are weighted by our safety index and the historical crime hot spots are introduced as obstacle polygons. We test our safety-aware routing design on Los Angeles (LA) and assume its use during night times. In this regard, from two relatively far away situated origin and destination points, we calculate the least dangerous path and compare it with the calculated shortest path. Vehicle drivers without knowledge about the dangerous areas in the city may use the least dangerous path, which is based on our calculated safety index. Finally, we discuss the effectiveness of our method and consider further extensions using freely available geodata.     

Measuring ISP topologies with Rocketfuel

To date, realistic ISP topologies have not been accessible to the research community, leaving work that depends on topology on an uncertain footing. In this paper, we present new Internet mapping techniques that have enabled us to measure router-level ISP topologies. Our techniques reduce the number of required traces compared to a brute-force, all-to-all approach by three orders of magnitude without a significant loss in accuracy. They include the use of BGP routing tables to focus the measurements, the elimination of redundant measurements by exploiting properties of IP routing, better alias resolution, and the use of DNS to divide each map into POPs and backbone. We collect maps from ten diverse ISPs using our techniques, and find that our maps are substantially more complete than those of earlier Internet mapping efforts. We also report on properties of these maps, including the size of POPs, distribution of router outdegree, and the interdomain peering structure. As part of this work, we release our maps to the community.     

频控阵特征及应用前景综述

频控阵是近年来提出的一种新体制阵列技术。与传统相控阵不同的是,频控阵通过在不同通道附加很小的频偏,使其波束图在远场成为随位置、角度和时间变化的函数。频控阵这种新波束的特征产生许多新的功能,具有很多独特的应用优势和广阔的发展应用前景。首先介绍了频控阵发展历程和基本原理,然后分析了频控阵技术实现难点,最后指出了频控阵可能的应用和发展方向。     

Current status of micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors

Recently developed micro- and nano-structured optical fiber sensors, with particular reference to surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber sensors and photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensors are reviewed. SPR fiber sensors can have diverse structures such as D-shape, cladding-off, fiber tip or tapered fiber structures. Some of the recently developed novel structures include the use of various types of fiber gratings in SPR fiber sensors. PCF sensors cover diverse recent developments on photonic-bandgap fiber, holey fiber, hole-assisted fiber and Bragg fiber sensors. Major applications of these include gas sensors and bio-sensors. These micro- and nano-structured fiber sensors have attracted considerable research and development interest, because of their distinct advantages, which include high sensitivity, small sensor head footprint and the flexibility of the optical fibers. They are also of academic interest, and many novel ideas are continuously developed.     

Quality-of-service architecture: Monitoring and control ofmultimedia communications

For distributed multimedia applications the provision of system-wide quality of service (QoS) is essential. The quality-of-service architecture (QoS-A) developed at Lancaster University offers a framework to specify and implement the required performance properties of multimedia applications over integrated-service networks in a heterogeneous environment. The work addresses the problem of lower-level QoS as well as QoS support for multipeer multimedia applications operating in an open communication system. QoS filters have been developed to deal with the problems of heterogeneity in group communication environments. New challenges are also encountered in emerging mobile networks and user mobility; and recent developments in the Internet community highlight the need for appropriate QoS support mechanisms for multimedia applications. The paper describes how the QoS-A research at Lancaster University provides a flexible framework for the monitoring and control of multimedia communications across the broad range of computing systems and networks     

3D TSV测试的挑战和潜在解决方案(英文)

3D硅通孔技术增加电路密度、降低功耗、提高带宽的优势在业内已得到广泛的认可。随着3D TSV技术的迅速发展,对于测试成本的优化就显得尤为突出,现有的测试方法已提出了很多挑战3D TSV技术的解决方案。提出了一种不同的应对3D TSV测试技术挑战的完整的3DTSV测试解决方案,其中某些方面涉及到3D TSV测试的前沿技术,而且也是唯一面向3D TSV测试特定的解决方案。最后,给出了一些采用完整3D TSV测试中其余的挑战。     

Mobile agents can benefit from standards efforts on interagentcommunication

On the road to the future success of mobile agents, we believe that interagent communication is an issue that has not been adequately addressed by the mobile agents community. Supplementing mobile agents with the ability to interact with other mobile or static agents, or agentified information sources is a necessity in the vastly heterogeneous arena in which mobile agents are called to compete. Thus, an agent communication language should be interpreted as a tool with the capacity to integrate disparate sources of information. We argue that mobile agents can benefit from current standards efforts on agent communication since the focus of such work is to address heterogeneity by defining a “common language” for communicating agents. We discuss ongoing research on agent-to-agent communication and present current standards efforts relevant to agent communication     

Introduction: Community media’s long march

The new generation of media technologies and the success of the so-called ‘Web 2.0’ platforms has put at the centre of academic and industry discussions the participatory potential of internet-based media. ‘Old’ participatory platforms, alternative and community using traditional broadcasting or print outlets, though, have a long history of close involvement of their audiences in practices that have put communities’ communicative needs at the centre of their everyday work and fought for the democratization of media systems. Despite their financial and organisational weaknesses as individual stations or projects, community media are being increasingly recognised as the third and distinct sector of broadcasting by recent policy and regulatory developments in Europe and across the globe. The contributions present in this issue present the opportunities and challenges that are characterising the sector at this time, as the switchover to digital broadcasting platforms, and the need of constant presence at the European Union and Council of Europe levels to make sure that community media are considered with equal dignity among other broadcasters in media policy debates. Practice-based accounts also show the contribution of community media to intercultural dialogue, an impressive range of interactions with civil society organisations present in their communities, and the potential of giving voice to local and diasporic communities through innovative combinations of FM and web-based broadcasting. Finally, this special issue also shows evidence of the important role that civil society plays in the production of situated knowledge along, and in collaboration with, ongoing academic research in this area of study.     

基于Ontology井史数据集成方法的应用研究

根据中国石油钻井井史管理系统的特点,针对钻井领域数据量大、关系复杂、分布、异构、自治等当前存在的问题,创新地提出了新一代井史异构数据集成方法"基于Ontology井史异构数据集成",该方法从语义集成的角度彻底消除数据源之间数据异构问题,实现各油田井史数据高效集成、共享。对方法的原理及实现步骤进行了详细阐述,建立了钻井领域本体库基础模型,实现了油田关系型井史数据库到钻井领域本体库之间的关联映射。实例分析证明,该方法在井史数据集成过程中高效可行,集成效果良好。     

2D and 3D imaging of small animals and the human radial artery with a high resolution detector for PET

The performance of a pair of multicrystal, high-resolution, bismuth germanate (BGO) block detectors for positron emission tomography (PET) has been investigated. Utilizing the detectors at a separation of 100 mm, the spatial resolutions and count rate response of the block have been measured. These measurements indicate maximum spatial resolutions of 3.6 and 4.5 mm (FWHM) in the two axes of the block and a maximum coincidence rate of 3400 cps. The system has been used to observe the regional kinetics of positron-emitting radionuclides in the rat brain and the human radial artery. Designs for a small diameter, no-septa tomograph incorporating these detectors have been considered. Simulations demonstrate the possibilities of following tracer uptake within the rat brain and radial artery. Three-dimensional tomographic data-sets of a 20-mm uniform cylinder, obtained from rotating the two blocks, indicate good uniformity in the field of view (FOV) of 25 mm.     

Action and interaction in volunteered geographic information: a workshop review

This paper presents a summary of the Action and Interaction in Volunteered Geographic Information international workshop which was held as a one day pre-conference workshop to the 16th Annual Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe conference in Leuven, Belgium in May 2013. This paper summarises the important outcomes of workshop presentations and key discussion statements from participant contributions to an open-floor discussion on the most pertinent issues in Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) research. Participants engaged this discussion focused on what are the most likely problems which could form the basis for a research agenda in VGI composed of both short- and long-term research objectives. While the development of a VGI research agenda will require the involvement of the broadest possible spectrum of disciplines, this paper is, none-the-less, an important first step on this journey.     

现代测绘自动化技术在地形测量中的运用分析

随着时代的发展,社会的进步,各行各业都在积极寻找能够提升工作效率的新技术。在地形测量领域测绘自动化技术发挥出了不可替代的作用。对于建筑施工、城区规划、土地利用等方面来说,地形测量是非常重要的一部分,它既能够保证城镇地形处于一个良好的状态,还能够以此推动城镇经济的可持续发展。但在地形测量的过程中,传统的测量技术不足以满足测量的标准,但随着科技的不断进步,现代测绘自动化技术慢慢突破了传统技术的局限。基于此,首先简要分析了现代测绘自动化技术的应用范围,随后分析了现代测绘自动化技术在地形测量中的运用策略和发展趋势。以供相关人士参考。     

基于抗差估计的激光测高数据处理

激光测高仪是一种空间对地探测装置,在众多领域中有重要的应用前景.由于大气传输介质以及系统噪声的影响,需要对测得的数据做精确化处理.采用了抗差估计(IGGⅢ方案)来处理激光测高的数据,与最小二乘法相比,抗差估计既能减小模型偏差又能抗拒异常观测值干扰.     

Wavelet processing and optics

Fourier optics has offered a powerful global information analysis and processing tool to optical domain signals and images and firmly locked its respectable position in the history of optics. The evolution of wavelet theory in the past decade, which has created significant impacts on many areas of information science and engineering, has recently been frequently mentioned in the optics community. Whether or not this locality-oriented signal analysis and processing tool can play a comparably significant role in optics remains to be answered. The present paper is intended to summarize important developments and recent progress in areas where novel wavelet processing concepts are incorporated into optics research     

众核任务映射算法研究现状与发展趋势

在众核系统中,并行任务在执行前需要被映射到处理器,这一过程被称为任务映射,任务映射算法对芯片性能影响巨大,所以近年来众核任务映射算法成为研究热点。针对不同的系统架构(如二维和三维众核系统)和优化目标(如通信开销、功耗、温度等)对现有任务映射算法进行综述,并展望了任务映射算法的未来发展趋势。     

Endeavor for ITS in Japan

Traffic infrastructure and vehicles provide fundamental support for diverse economic activities in Japan and spur further progress. Nevertheless, they also take a heavy toll in the form of traffic accidents and congestion, despite the various countermeasures we have taken. Intelligent Transportation Systems (its), drawing upon information technology to allow the systems to integrate “human”, “roads” and “vehicles”, offers enormous potential to give solutions to these perennial problems. The emerging integrated infrastructure can sustain industrial developments as well as stimulate innovation for social reengineering in the 21^st century. This paper reports the status of its applications research, development efforts, and system introductions, as well as the developments of GIS data to lay the groundwork for the systems platform     

Results and implications of a study of fifteen years of satellite image classification experiments

A study has been carried out of 15 years of published peer-reviewed experiments on satellite image classification. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of progress being made in thematic mapping through developments in classification algorithms and also in systems approaches such as postclassification analysis, multiclassifier integration, and data fusion. The results of over 500 reported classification experiments were quantitatively analyzed. This involved examination of relationships between classification accuracy and date of publication, as well as between accuracy and various experimental parameters such as number of classes, size of feature vector, resolution of satellite data, and test area. Comparisons were also made between different types of methodology such as neural network and nonneural approaches. Overall, the results show that there has been no demonstrable improvement in classification performance over the 15-year period. The mean value of the Kappa coefficient across all experiments was found to be 0.6557 with a standard deviation of 0.1980. Expected relationships between classification accuracy and resolution and between accuracy and number of classes were also not observed in the data. Some of the implications of these findings for the future research agenda are considered.     

植物细胞膜受体胞吞及其功能的研究进展

细胞膜受体蛋白在细胞应对外部环境变化以及感知相邻细胞信号过程中发挥重要作用.当细胞膜受体蛋白受到配体刺激之后,依赖不同的胞吞机制,形成了两种主要的胞吞途径:网格蛋白介导的胞吞和不依赖网格蛋白介导的胞吞.通过不同胞吞途径进入细胞的细胞膜受体蛋白,会在不同内涵体间转运,从而引发不同的内涵体信号,然后一部分膜受体蛋白重新循环到细胞膜,另一部分则转运到溶酶体或液泡进行降解,最终影响植物的生长发育和免疫等过程.由于膜受体介导的胞吞作用和内涵体信号受到越来越多的关注,因此本文对细胞膜受体介导的胞吞机制及其在植物生长发育和抗病中的作用进行了综述,以期为今后系统开展其功能研究提供理论依据.