高熵合金在电催化领域的研究进展

高熵合金具有高度无序的结构和广泛的成分调制范围,在力学性能、磁性等方面展示出优异的性能,近来研究结果表明,高熵合金在电催化反应中有望成为理想的催化材料。本文总结了近期高熵合金催化剂的前沿研究进展。从高熵合金的定义,制备方法以及在不同电化学反应中的研究进展等方面进行阐述;并对其在电催化领域的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

电催化氧化技术在有机废水处理中的应用

电催化氧化技术是一种绿色水处理技术,近年来以其独特的技术优点获得广泛的关注、研究与一定程度的工程实践应用。介绍了电催化氧化技术原理,指出其当前所面临的技术困境。在此基础上,重点介绍了该技术领域近年来在电催化阳极改性、电催化体系优化、新型供电模式以及与富集技术联用等方面所取得的研究进展,并对该技术未来发展方向进行阐述,以期为相关领域的发展提供参考。     

单原子催化剂在电催化还原领域的研究进展

介绍了单原子催化剂不同的制备方法,综述了其在电催化CO2 、N2还原和析氢等领域的研究进展,分析了界面效应对催化剂性能的影响,并就该领域的发展提出了展望.     

电催化氧化处理有机废水阳极材料的研究进展

水体中存在的微量有机污染物对人类及生物的正常生命活动构成了严重威胁,有效去除这些污染物已成为当务之急。电催化氧化技术因具有适应性广,氧化性强,无二次污染,反应迅速,设备及其操作简单等优点而日益成为有机废水处理领域的研究热点。阳极材料是电化学氧化法处理有机废水的关键。文章综述了贵金属电极、碳素电极、钛基金属氧化物电极和合成掺硼金刚石薄层电极等常用阳极材料的性能,并对有机废水电催化氧化阳极材料的发展趋向进行了展望。     

电极材料在电催化氧化处理有机废水中的应用

电极材料是电催化氧化处理有机废水技术的关键。综述了金属、活性碳纤维、金属氧化物几种电极材料对有机废水的降解效果,并展望了电催化氧化处理有机废水中电极材料的发展方向。     

共价有机骨架(COFs)膜及其在气体分离方面的应用分析

低碳烯烃和烷烃的分离是化工领域的难题,膜的气体分离工艺技术是减少对环境的影响和降低运营成本的一种理想方法。传统聚合膜通常受到渗透率和选择性权衡的限制。共价有机骨架(COFs)含有丰富且规则的孔道结构的优点从而可实现超快透过且高度选择性的性能。然而,COFs的孔道大小通常大于低碳烷烃的分子动力学直径,3D共价有机骨架(COFs)中的孔道虽然通过设计互穿结构可以将孔道缩小到5埃到7埃之间,可以实现低碳烷烃的筛分作用,但3D COFs膜的传输阻力要远大于层状原子厚片形式的2D COFs膜。本文对共价有机骨架(COFs)膜及其在气体分离方面的应用进行了介绍分析,为国内利用膜分离气体提供参考。     

二氧化锰基电催化材料研究进展

二氧化锰具有资源丰富、成本廉价、电化学性能优良等优点,被广泛应用于电催化、电化学储能、生物医学和电致变色器等领域。本文综述了二氧化锰作为电极材料在电催化领域的最新研究进展,包括催化析氧、催化析氢、氮还原、尿素氧化、二氧化碳还原、醇氧化等；总结归纳了二氧化锰的结构特征及其合成方法；系统分析了二氧化锰晶型、微观形貌、电子结构与催化性能间的构效关系及其在构筑高效催化电极材料方面的应用及性能优化策略；结合当前研究存在的问题,展望了二氧化锰基催化电极材料的发展方向。     

苝二酰亚胺及其衍生物在光催化领域的研究进展

光催化氧化技术凭借其稳定高效且成本低等优势,已成为当前研究领域广泛采用的有效降解水环境中污染物的的门技术之一。相关研究报道称苝二酰亚胺(PDI)超分子光催化剂能够独立完成从光吸收、载体分离到催化反应的整个光催化过程。人们已经通过其使用作为一种优良的半导体光催化剂致力于改善可见光的光催化活性。然而,光生电子和空穴的转移速度慢和催化活性低,稳定性差限制了苝二酰亚胺的光催化效率。详细阐述了近几年苝二酰亚胺材料合成及光学性质、总结了PDI及其衍生材料在光催化领域的最新应用研究进展,并总结了苝二酰亚胺光催化材料的应用现状。将有助于开发新的策略,以进一步改善苝二酰亚胺材料的光催化效率,以便能实际大规模工程化应用的方向发展。     

亚胺型高分子应变材料的研究与应用

通过共聚共混法研制了用于制作和安装实验应力分析和传感器用耐高低温和塑性应变计的新型亚胺型基底胶和胶粘剂,同时介绍了获得优良性能材料的影响因素、工艺条件和基本特性以及初步应用结果。     

三维电催化氧化法的研究进展与应用

主要论述了三维电催化氧化法的研究进展。分别论述了三维电催化在处理工业有机废水的研究现状,三维电催化氧化的反应机理。报告了三维电催化反应装置研究现状;分析了电极材料,粒子电极的填充方式,反应装置类型对废水处理效果的影响,主要介绍了活性炭(GAC)材料作为粒子电极的应用研究,并探讨了三维电催化技术与其它技术联用提高废水处理效率的研究,最后对三维电催化氧化法的研究方向进行了展望。     

共价有机骨架聚合物功能膜制备方法的研究进展

共价有机骨架聚合物（COFs）是由共价键连接,经热力学可逆聚合形成的有序多孔有机晶态材料,具有比表面积大、孔分布规则可调和可拆剪等特性,其二维或三维COFs功能膜在气体分离、化学传感、催化、药物传输等方面具有广阔的发展前景。COFs膜材料的制备决定膜组成、微规整结构和性能,成为COFs膜功能应用的研究基础和技术关键。本文综述了COFs材料提出以来形成的共混法、原位聚合法、层层堆叠法和界面聚合等制备方法的研究现状,结合各方法优缺点,分析并提出COFs膜制备技术的关键方向和技术要点。为COFs功能膜分子设计、优化和功能化应用提供合理的制备方法,促进高性能COFs功能膜实用化制备方法的形成。     

叶酸偶联O-羧甲基壳聚糖的制备及其表征

采用强碱溶液对壳聚糖的羟基进行O-羧甲基化,再用叶酸偶联0．羧甲基壳聚糖。然后用红外光谱扫描法、紫外分光光度法和电位滴定法分别对产物进行了表征,并计算了叶酸对O-羧甲基壳聚糖的修饰量。结果显示羧甲基壳聚糖的取代度为38．28％,且O-羧甲基壳聚糖能够较好地溶于中性和碱性水溶液中。所测叶酸对O-羧甲基壳聚糖的修饰量为17．8μg·mg^-1。     

国内多晶硅冷氢化技术应用研究

重点介绍了多晶硅生产中冷氢化技术的发展历程和基本原理,对冷氢化技术进行了详细的阐述,列出了目前国内企业应用冷氢化技术后表现出的较优的技术、经济指标。同时,还比较了冷氢化、热氢化技术的优缺点,分析了当前国内冷氢化技术在应用上面临的问题及解决办法,并指出了未来冷氢化技术的发展方向。     

Electrocatalysis of oxygen reduction by quinones adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes

The reduction of oxygen in alkaline solution has been studied on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes modified with various quinones using a rotating disk electrode (RDE). The electrode surface was modified by adsorption of quinones from a 0.1 M KOH solution. The oxygen reduction activity of these electrodes was considerably higher than that for unmodified HOPG and characteristic current maxima for oxygen reduction was observed. All quinones studied catalysed the two-electron reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The peak potentials for oxygen reduction were in good correlation with the redox potentials of the quinones that were found from the cyclic voltammograms in oxygen-free solutions. The results obtained give further evidence that oxygen reduction is catalysed by the semiquinone radical and that the redox potential of the quinone is the most important factor determining its electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction.     

Electrocatalysis of gold nanoparticles/layered double hydroxides nanocomposites toward methanol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium

A nanocomposite based on layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was prepared via hydrothermal treatment followed by a reduction procedure. The AuNPs were obtained in Mg-Al LDHs, and they maintained good stability. The electrocatalytic activities of AuNPs/LDH-modified glassy carbon electrodes for methanol oxidation in alkaline medium were investigated in detail. Under the same conditions, the modified electrode exhibited higher electrocatalytic activity than both the pure AuNPs-modified electrode and LDH-modified electrode. The role of the AuNPs and LDHs in this composite system was explored by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, respectively. Further studies demonstrated that the promoting effect of LDHs could be due to its strong adsorption and partly to the discharge of OH⁻ during methanol oxidation. This work indicates that LDHs is expected to be a good supporting material in the development of methanol anode catalysts.     

稀土上转换发光材料的研究与应用

稀土上转换发光材料是近年来发光材料领域研究的热点,结合稀土上转换发光材料的基质类型及特点,介绍了上转换过程的主要形式。通过对稀土离子上转换发光机理的分析,列举稀土上转换发光材料的主要应用领域,并针对如何提高上转换发光效率提出具体建议,为稀土上转换发光材料的研究提供理论参考。     

Electrocatalysis by design: Effect of the loading level of Au nanoparticles-MnOx nanoparticles binary catalysts on the electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen

This study concerns the efficient electrochemical reduction of molecular oxygen (O₂), in O₂-saturated 0.1 M KOH solution, to OH⁻ through a four-electron reduction pathway by a novel binary catalyst that is comprised of two kinds of catalysts, i.e., Au nanoparticles (nano-Au) and manganese oxide nanoparticles (nano-MnOx) electrodeposited onto a relatively inert substrate, e.g., glassy carbon (GC) electrode. The nano-Au catalyst is efficiently used for the electro-reduction of O₂ to hydrogen peroxide through a two-electron reduction pathway at a reasonably low overpotential. While the latter (i.e., nano-MnOx) is effectively used for the subsequent catalytic decomposition of the electrogenerated hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen. The dependence of the electrocatalytic activity of the proposed binary catalysts towards the oxygen reduction on the loading level of both species has been investigated in this paper. This is done aiming at the preparation of a binary catalyst composed of the optimum amounts of both species which supports an apparent four-electron reduction of O₂ at sufficiently low overpotential in replacement of the costly Pt-based electrocatalysts.     

Electrocatalysis of chlorine evolution on different materials and its influence on the performance of an electrochemical reactor for indirect oxidation of pollutants

Two different Ti/Pt–Ir materials (commercial and home made) and Ti/PdO + Co₃O₄ were investigated for their electrocatalytic properties versus Cl₂ evolution reaction. The materials were used in a batch electrochemical reactor to treat biologically recalcitrant di-azo compound. An electrochemically driven oxidation, mediated by a Cl₂/Cl⁻ couple, proved efficient for destruction of this complex organic molecule, causing cleavage of the conjugated double bonds and destruction of unsatured bonds. Both Ti/Pt–Ir materials performed well; lower kinetics obtained with the Ti/PdO + Co₃O₄ anode was caused by adsorption of the model compound, evidenced in preliminary voltammetric measurements. The dye oxidation reaction followed the second order kinetics with partial orders in the model compound and (time varying) chlorine concentrations equal to one. Specific energy consumption of 3.12 kWh m⁻³ proved the process more economic than the homogeneous phase oxidation.     

纳米氧化锌的应用综述

纳米氧化锌由于其尺寸介于分子、原子和宏观微粒之间,具有纳米材料的体积效应、表面效应等许多宏观材料所不具有的特殊性质。综述了纳米氧化锌作为一种新型功能材料在橡胶、涂料、陶瓷、防晒化妆品等领域展示出的引人注目的广泛应用及发展前景。