线性调频连续波雷达信号的参数估计

根据线性调频连续波（LFMCW）信号的周期特点,提出累积Wigner-Hough变换（CWHT）进行LFMCW信号的参数估计。首先分析了自相关函数的特点,通过搜索自相关函数的峰值,实现了信号调制周期的估计。然后根据调制周期将信号分段,进行CWHT。通过CWHT峰值和起始时间的搜索,最终估计出信号的调频斜率与起始频率。理论推导了CWHT的信噪比（SNR）公式,并分析了相关计算。该算法不仅减小了时频交叉项的影响,而且降低了计算的复杂度。同时由于进行了多个周期的非相干累积,提高了该算法的抗噪性能。仿真结果验证了本文算法在低SNR下具有较好的参数估计性能。      

毫米波超近程LFMCW雷达运动目标参数估计

毫米波超近程线性调频连续波(LFMCW)雷达运动目标参数估计新方法,可以在加速度运动目标环境中有效估计出目标的加速度、速度和距离参数。该方法能够对加速度运动目标多普勒信号进行加速度补偿,解决目标多普勒频谱畸变现象和LFMCW雷达固有的距离速度耦合现象,达到改善加速度运动目标的检测性能和提高参数估计精度目的,且算法稳健,运算量小。算法通过仿真分析,评估了加速度运动补偿前后的效果,证明了算法的有效性。该方法可用于针对毫米波超近程LFMCW雷达信号处理快速、准确的参数估计。     

LFM信号参数估计的DAF插值算法

为实现LFM信号起始频率和调频斜率的高精度参数估计,对基于离散模糊函数的DAF算法进行了研究。该算法具有计算量小的优点但估计精度受到采样频率和采样点数的限制。针对此问题,提出了一种可提高参数估计精度的DAF插值方法:首先利用DAF将LFM信号转换为正弦信号,分别通过两次FFT并进行峰值搜索得到起始频率和调频斜率的粗估计值,然后基于Rife插值利用最大谱线和次大谱线进行修正得到预估计值,再利用两次单点DFT的频谱细化技术得到该值两侧相邻0.5个量化频率点处的谱线,最后重新进行插值计算。该算法突破了频谱离散化带来的频率分辨率限制,在增加运算量较少的情况下,提高了参数估计的精度。仿真实验结果验证了算法的有效性。      

线性调频连续波信号的检测和参数估计

针对长时间积累较难在线性调频连续波信号的检测和参数估计中应用的问题,该文提出一种联合变窗长相干平均法与循环平稳法的线性调频连续波信号检测与参数估计算法。首先基于分段相干的思想采用变窗长相干平均法提高信噪比的增益,然后利用循环平稳法完成信号的检测和参数估计。该算法以较低计算复杂度实现信号的长时间积累,并且解决了起始时间给信号检测和参数估计带来的问题,在低信噪比条件下具有较好的估计性能。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于周期Choi-Williams Hough变换的线性调频连续波信号参数估计算法

在采用联合CWH(Choi-Williams Hough)变换估计多周期线性调频连续波(LFMCW)信号的参数时,当观察时间大于一个周期时,输出信号的信噪比不再随时间的增加而增大,且时频图中会出现多个峰值干扰信号参数的估计。结合CWH对LFMCW 信号的能量聚集和相干累积思想,该文提出一种基于周期CWH变换的多周期LFMCW信号的参数估计算法,给出了多周期LFMCW信号的PCWH变换公式;分析了PCWH输出信噪比与观测时间和观测样本信噪比的关系;分析了参数估计精度。最后,数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性,证明在对多周期LFMCW信号参数估计时,PCWH更优。     

低信噪比下LFM- PRBC信号参数的快速估计

为了解决目前算法中线性调频-伪码( LFM- PRBC)信号参数估计计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法采用解线调与分数阶傅里叶变换( FRFT)进行参数的估计。首先对信号进行解线调估计出调频斜率的粗略值,然后由调频斜率确定旋转角,通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的粗略值。根据延时再进行解线调估计出调频斜率的精确值,再通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的精确值与起始频率。该算法不仅计算量较低,同时具有很高的估计精度与很强的抗噪性,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于Radon模糊图变换的数字采样信号快速调频参数估计

Radon模糊图转换法(RAT)调频参数估计是模糊图平面过原点直线的一维搜索.RAT直接求和计算方法计算量大,很难实时计算.本文基于模型法研究数字信号RAT参数估计的快速算法,给出了多分量线性调频(LFM)信号模型、RAT模型法参数估计及多分量信号的逐次消去信号检测方法,提出了RAT模型法快速调频参数估计算法,并提出剩余展宽系数来分析调频参数估计性能,同时进行了计算量分析.数字仿真表明本算法在高/低信噪比均能很好地接近Cramer-Rao限.该方法速度快且不需要数据矩阵储存,在多分量调频参数估计中有很好的应用前景.     

线性调频-伪码复合信号参数的快速估计

针对目前算法中线性调频-伪码( LFM-PRBC)复合信号参数估计计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法采用相关检测与解线调进行参数的估计。首先对信号进行平方以消除相位调制,然后由自相关的峰值距离估计出码元宽度,由互相关的正负恢复出编码规律,再根据延时直接对信号解线调,最终估计出调频斜率与起始频率。仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比( SNR)下具有较好的估计性能。     

基于MP分解的宽带LFM信号参数估计

将MP分解应用于宽带阵列信号处理中,提出一种针对线性调频信号(LFM)参数估计新算法.根据LFM信号形式建立过完备原子库Gf,其中原子参数由起始频率和调频斜率决定,将阵列参考阵元接收数据在Gf上作MP分解,获得各个信号的起始频率和调频斜率参数,从而得到宽带信号的具体形式;在上一步频率参数估计的基础上,根据阵列结构建立过完备原子库Gθ,其中原子参数由到达角决定,将阵列全部阵元接收数据在Gθ上作MP分解,实现信号DOA估计.新算法估计性能优于传统空间时频分布(STFD)方法,尤其在低信噪比、多信源情况下仍然有较高的估计精度.计算机仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.     

LFMCWSAR非线性校正成像方法研究

线性调频连续波合成孔径雷达(LFMCW SAR)是一种新近提出来的成像雷达体制,它结合调频连续波与合成孔径成像技术,具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、分辨率高等一系列优点.然而,由于受系统的影响,调频信号的频率和时间并不完全满足线性关系.在详细分析了LFMCW的调频非线性对距离分辨率及FMCW SAR成像质量的影响之后,提出使用分段线性拟合的方法估计调频信号的非线性,并提出了非线性的校正方法,研究了存在非线性时的FMCW SAR成像算法,并给出了仿真结果,验证了该方法的有效性.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.