填料塔处理化工废气中的氯化氢制盐酸

化工生产过程中经常排出大量的废气,大量含氯化合物在化学反应过程中都有副产氯化氢气体产生。例如:医药工业维生素 B_6生产过程中的氯化反应,就有副产氯化氢气体;染料工业色酚 AS 制造过程中的缩合反应也有氯化氢气体放出;农药工业的敌百虫生产过程中的酯化工序,三氯硫磷与无水乙     

应用计算机设计计算低浓度气体吸收填料塔

本文就应用电子计算机计算低浓度气体填料吸收塔填料高度，提出了相应的计算方法和计算机程序。     

旋转填料床治理氮氧化物废气的研究

介绍了氮氧化物的来源及危害,简要评述了湿法治理的特点,通过考察氮氧化物湿法吸收机理,以气液传质理论为依据,提出采用超重力旋转填料床作为新型吸收设备,并对其原理和研究现状简要介绍。     

波纹填料塔的设计

介绍一种规整填料塔－－波纹填料塔的计算方法,阐述了波纹填料塔的设计计算过程。     

塔填料研究进展

本文以结构的改进和材质选用与表面处理为两条主线,对塔填料的演变发展作了归纳性回顾。着重评述了几种重要的新型填料。还提供了填料开发的新近动态。最后的讨论涉及塔填料的应用特点与发展方向。     

填料塔设计中应注意的几个问题

对填料塔的内部结构合理设置进行分析,并通过实际操作进行对观察,结果发现,填料塔的结构设置合理,能明显提高气液传质效果,增强分离能力。     

板波纹填料塔的设计

1前言填料塔是石油、化工、轻工、制药以及原子能工业中广泛应用的化工分离设备。近年来,随着分离技术的发展,填料结构不断改进,出现了不少具有高通量、高效率低压降的新型填料,诸如瑞士苏永寿公司（Sulzer）的麦勒派克（Mellepak）填料、美国格里奇公司（Glitsch）的吉母派克（Gempak）填料／德国豪尔茨公司（Montz）的蒙尔茨（Montz）填料。同时,与之相适应的新型塔内件也应运而生,从而给填料塔的发展带来了新的生机。目前,填料塔径已达11米以上。近20年来,在蒸馏和吸收领域中,最突出的变化是新型填料特别是规整填料在大直径…     

填料塔设计中应注意的几个问题

对填料塔设计的内部结构合理设置进行分析研究,并通过实际操作进行对比观察,结果发现,填料塔的结构设置合理,能明显提高气液传质效果,增强分离能力。     

Simultaneous Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Soot from Diesel Exhaust Gas over Potassium Modified Iron Oxide

Iron oxide modified by potassium, i.e. Fe_1.9K_0.1O₃, exhibits high catalytic performance for the simultaneous conversion of soot and NO_x into CO₂ and N₂. The present study shows that long‐time treatment of the catalyst leads to a drastic decrease in the activity, whereas even the aged catalyst maintains considerable activity. On the other hand, long‐time treatment causes selective N₂ formation, i.e. no more formation of the byproduct N₂O. This alteration of catalytic performance is likely due to agglomeration of the promoter potassium being present at the surface of catalyst. Detailed experiments were carried out with a more realistic diesel model exhaust gas to confirm that Fe_1.9K_0.1O₃ is a suitable catalyst for the simultaneous removal of soot and NO_x between 350 and 480 °C. It was assumed that (CO) intermediates, formed by the catalytic reaction of NO_x and oxygen with the soot surface, are the reactive species in NO_x‐soot conversion.     

Nitrogen Oxides Scrubbing with Alkaline Solutions

The absorption of NOx into sodium hydroxide solutions was studied in a small packed column. A simple mathematical model developed for this absorption was used for the determination of rate parameters relative to NOx species in such solutions. While hydrolysis is the main controlling step for NO₂, N₂O₄ and N₂O₃ species, nitrous acid HNO₂ plays an essential role for the NOx absorption in NaOH solutions. Our mechanistic and kinetic findings were validated as the model has worked with fair success in predicting both NOx removal efficiencies and liquid phase compositions.     

Surface Properties and Catalytic Performance of La0.8K0.2CuxMn1–xO3 for Simultaneous Removal of NOx and Soot

The influence of copper substitution in La_0.8K_0.2Cu_xMn_1–xO₃ on its catalytic performance for simultaneous removal of NO_x and soot under oxygen rich conditions was investigated. A series of catalysts was prepared and then characterized by XRD, SEM, BET, and XPS. The temperature programmed reaction (TPR) method was used to evaluate the catalytic performance of the catalysts. XRD results show that the partial substitution of Cu for Mn promotes the formation of perfect perovskites. SEM and BET results demonstrate that appropriate copper substitution enhances the porosity and increases the specific surface area, leading to conditions which are favorable for heterogeneous catalysis. XPS results indicate that a fraction of the Mn³⁺ is converted to Mn⁴⁺ on the addition of low levels of Cu. By correlation of the physicochemical properties and the catalytic performance, a large specific surface area, high porosity, high content of Mn³⁺ and synergistic effects of Mn³⁺ and Cu²⁺ are seen to favor the simultaneous catalytic removal of NO_x and soot.     

Effect of Catalysis on Plasma Assisted Catalytic Removal of Nitrogen Oxides and Soot

An active perovskite‐type catalyst (La_0.8K_0.2Cu_0.05Mn_0.95O₃) was prepared and characterized using XRD, BET, and SEM. Then, the effect of catalysis on plasma assisted catalytic removal of nitrogen oxides and soot was investigated by combining temperature programmed reaction (TPR) and the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). When the C₃H₆ concentration in the feed gas is 0.27 %, the maximum NO_x removal rate increases from 43.5 % to 72.2 % after adding catalyst. FT‐IR results indicate that the addition of catalyst will promote the removal of NO_x, HC, and soot. There is still great amount of NO_x and HC remaining after plasma reaction, little NO_x and almost no HC after catalytic reaction, and no NO_x and HC after plasma assisted catalytic reaction.     

用旋转填料床治理火炸药厂的氮氧化物尾气

为解决火炸药行业高浓度氮氧化物尾气治理困难的现状,采用新型吸收设备——旋转填料床进行治理,利用旋转填料床的优良特性,达到提高吸收剂的利用效率、降低治理成本和治理后尾气达标排放的目的.在初期试验中,以清水为吸收剂,研究了进气量、液气比、超重力因子等操作参数对吸收率的影响,得出了最佳操作参数范围.采用吸收剂强化吸收,并对吸收机理进行了初步探讨.试验结果表明,在进气量2 m3/h、液气比20 L/m3和超重力因子为90的条件下,吸收率达到85.3%,采用两级串联吸收后,氮氧化物尾气达到了国家排放标准.试验证明旋转填料床用于治理火炸药行业氮氧化物尾气的可行性,具有良好的工业应用前景.     

化石燃料燃烧过程中氮氧化物排放量的评估

介绍了计算化石燃料燃烧过程中NOx排放量的3种估算方法,分别是<"八五"环境统计手册>、(1996年修订版)和Kato N排放因子计算法.通过举例对3种估算方法进行了比较,并指出了各自的使用条件,各企业可根据具体情况分别选用.     

Effect of Ozone Injection on the Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides

The improvement in the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) by means of the ozone injection into the exhaust gas was investigated. Nitric oxide (NO) in the exhaust gas was first oxidized to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) by ozone, and then the exhaust gas containing the mixture of NO and NO₂ was directed to the catalytic reactor where both NO and NO₂ were reduced to nitrogen. The ozone injection method was very efficient for the oxidation of NO to NO₂ in a wide range of temperatures, and the increase in the content of NO₂ by the ozone injection remarkably improved the performance of the catalytic reactor.     

半水煤气直冷塔的计算与设计

为降低合成氨装置压缩机一段入口的半水煤气温度,设计了填料式直接冷却塔,用水作为冷却剂。介绍了直冷塔的设计计算过程,包括塔的选型,气液比的确定,空速、塔径、填料高度的计算,填料层压降、喷淋密度的核算,以及塔附件的设计等。生产运行结果表明,出塔半水煤气温度由原来的42℃下降到30℃以下。     

Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides by Ammonia Over Iron‐Containing Catalysts

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x by NH₃ is an efficient technology for the removal of nitrogen oxides from diesel exhaust. It is a disadvantage that the active component in commercial catalysts, V₂O₅, is toxic and melts at ～650 °C. An alternative catalyst system, based on iron as the active component, was developed in this work. For this purpose, a number of supports were taken and impregnated with Fe₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃/WO₃ by an incipient wetness technique. The synthesized catalysts were tested in a diesel model exhaust using temperature programmed reaction. The screening accomplished to date, resulted in a 5.8 mol.‐% Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃ catalyst that exhibited outstanding activity in the temperature range between 150–375 °C with selective formation of N₂. However, this catalyst was significantly deactivated by thermal aging at 600 °C. In contrast, the activity of the sample with 1.4 mol.‐% Fe₂O₃ and 0.8 mol.‐% WO_x showed very high thermal stability as well as selective N₂ production over the whole temperature regime, but it had lower SCR activity.     

煅烧高岭土的组成,结构对填充PVC流变性能的影响

应用热分析，Ｘ射线衍射，透射电镜和流变仪等实验手段，研究了煅烧处理不同品位高岭土的矿相组成，结构，显微形貌及其填充ＰＶＣ塑料的流变性能，讨论了相组成，晶体结构，颗粒尺寸，形貌与流变性的影响。