微藻制备生物柴油的研究进展

总结了国内外利用微藻制备生物柴油的研究进展,首先分析了微藻自身的概况,以微藻为原料生产的生物柴油是真正的环保可再生能源;其次对微藻制备生物柴油的现状做了进一步阐述,藻类生物柴油的生产技术仍不成熟,需要进一步的深入研究;最后归纳了微藻生物柴油存在的问题,并对其今后的研究重点及前景做出了展望。     

微藻制备生物柴油技术综述

随着化石燃料的日益枯竭,生物柴油作为一种可再生的生物能源,其制备方法成为了各国研究开发的重点,藻类生物质则是生产生物柴油的优良原料。综述了制备微藻生物柴油的研究进程,着重阐述了酸催化法、碱催化法、酶催化法以及超临界法等国内外微藻制备生物柴油几种技术,并对其今后的研究重点进行了总结和展望。     

生物柴油制备的研究进展

介绍了能够制备生物柴油的原材料,植物油脂、废弃油脂、动物油脂、微藻等的可行性,结合我国国情分析了原料的优缺点,最后对我国生物柴油的发展进行了展望。     

生物柴油制备技术研究进展

生物柴油来源于动植物油脂是一种绿色可再生、生物可降解和无毒的替代燃料,引起了人们极大的关注.本文论述了直接混合、微乳状液、高温热裂解及酯交换等方法制备生物柴油的研究进展.     

微流体技术在微藻生物柴油中的应用进展

聚焦于微流体技术在微藻生物柴油中的应用,归纳了限制微藻生物柴油商业化的技术障碍,重点介绍了微流体技术在产油微藻的筛选、鉴定、培养、采收、浓缩、脂质提取以及微藻原位酯交换中的应用进展,讨论了微流体装置在微藻生物柴油中发挥的作用,最后提出了微流体技术在微藻生物柴油应用中面临的问题并展望了其应用前景。     

生物柴油的应用现状及技术进展

介绍了生物柴油的主要特性、原料来源及生产工艺;评述了国际上现有的各种生物柴油生产方法;给出了国内外生物柴油应用现状及技术进展;对我国生物柴油发展应解决的技术问题进行了概述,展望了我国生物柴油的发展前景.     

微藻生产生物柴油的研究进展

微藻相对于其他的生物柴油原料有占地面积少、含油量高、生长周期短等不可比拟的优点。微藻生物柴油在试验规模下容易实现,但放大到工业化生产比较困难,生产中的瓶颈问题主要是生产成本高及微藻生长速率和油脂积累量间存在着严重的矛盾。对微藻生物柴油的研究历程、流程、存在问题及前景进行了分析。     

微藻制备生物柴油研究现状与应用前景

综述了近年来采用微藻来制备生物柴油相关技术的发展,指出微藻制备生物柴油应注意的事项。     

利用微藻生产生物柴油的研究进展

介绍了利用微藻生产生物柴油的优势及技术进展,对利用微藻生产生物柴油的经济性和可行性进行了分析和探讨,并指出了可以提高微藻柴油可行性的方法.     

微藻超临界甲醇直接酯交换法制备生物柴油

以规模化养殖的小球藻为原料,采用超临界甲醇酯交换法开展了制备生物柴油的实验研究。通过对原料藻粉的主要组成和实验产物的元素、化合物组成及基本理化特性进行分析,考察了不同工艺条件对产率的影响。结果表明,在甲醇与湿藻（50%含水量）配比为8∶1（mL∶g）、反应温度260℃、反应压力8 MPa和停留时间10 min的条件下,微藻生物柴油产率高达9%以上,具有与石化柴油接近的理化性质和成分组成。     

Simultaneous Production of Biodiesel and Free Lutein from Chlorella vulgaris

Biodiesel and valuable free lutein were demonstrated to be simultaneously produced from Chlorella vulgaris lipid extracts. The alkali catalyst used in the transesterification of triglycerides acted as a reactant in converting lutein fatty acid esters to free lutein. A maximum biodiesel yield of 33.6 % by weight of the algal lipids was obtained after a 4‐h reaction with MeOH at the MeOH/biomass ratio of 16:1 using 6 % alkali catalyst. The excess of alkali and MeOH employed in the production of biodiesel ensured the complete saponification of all lutein fatty acid esters to free lutein, giving a maximum yield of 2.3 % by weight of the algal lipids. In addition, a process for the separation of the biodiesel and free lutein products from the reaction mixture is proposed. Finally, a preliminary economic assessment was conducted, the results of which suggest that the process for the simultaneous production of biodiesel and lutein from C. vulgaris may be economically feasible.     

The Effect of Pulsed Microwave Power on Transesterification of Chlorella sp. for Biodiesel Production

Pulsed microwave technique was employed for the production of biodiesel from Chlorellasp. via transesterification. Real-time microwave power and temperature profiles were used for the evaluation of efficiency of biodiesel production. The effect of power setting was determined in the range of 100–1000 W at the fixed reaction time (10 min) and temperature (60°C). In this work, the highest yield of biodiesel per unit energy consumption observed was 0.53% by weight of crude lipid per kilo joule at 250 W. From the results in this study, the efficiency of biodiesel production was correlated to the uniform pulse intensity and pulse frequency during the reaction process provided at the power setting of 250 W.     

Noncatalytic Biodiesel Fuel Production from Croton megalocarpus Oil

Biodiesel is currently considered as the most promising substitute for diesel fuel because of its similar properties to diesel. This study presents the use of the supercritical methanol method in the production of biodiesel from Croton megalocarpus oil. The reaction parameters such as methanol‐to‐oil ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time were varied to obtain the optimal reaction conditions by design of experiment, specifically, response surface methodology based on three‐variable central composite design with α = 2. It has been shown that it is possible to achieve methyl ester yields as high as 74.91 % with reaction conditions such as 50:1 methanol‐to‐oil molar ratio, 330 °C reaction temperature and a reaction period of 20 min. However, Croton‐based biodiesel did not sustain higher temperatures due to decomposition of polyunsaturated methyl linoleate, which is dominant in biodiesel. Lower yields were observed when higher temperatures were used during the optimization process. The supercritical methanol method showed competitive biodiesel yields when compared with catalytic methods.     

微藻制备生物柴油及其案例经济性分析

微藻生物柴油作为一种新型生物质能源,受到广泛关注。本文简述了微藻制备生物柴油研究发展概况,通过一个案例分析了微藻制备生物柴油的经济性,指出了现今微藻生物柴油的发展瓶颈,为未来微藻生物柴油的发展方向提出了建议。     

生物柴油的生产技术进展

综述了生物柴油的化学合成法、生物酶法、超临界流体法和工程微藻法。以碱为催化剂的化学合成法是生产厂家大都采用的方法,目前围绕该方法的研发工作主要集中于催化剂方面,新开发的催化剂有有机碱、固体酸、固体碱、分子筛和金属催化剂等。我国的清华大学和北京化工大学均在研究生物酶法合成生物柴油,已经建立了200 t/a的中试装置。超临界流体法和工程微藻法仍处于实验室研究阶段。还简述了影响生物柴油技术进展的生产原料、设备和产品标准等方面内容。     

生物柴油技术在国内的研究进展

简单介绍了生物柴油的优点及其制备技术.以及生物柴油在一些发达国家的生产和使用现状。介绍了生物柴油在国内的研究开发现状,分析了当前生物柴油生产与使用过程中存在的一些问题,并对生物柴油在国内的发展前景作了展望。     

Culture of Microalgae from Sewage Effluent

Microalgae were cultured using actual sewage effluent and the influences of various controls such as the hydraulic retention time to the culture were examined. The microalgae could be cultured by supplying only sewage effluent without additional external microalgal stock or nutrient salts. As the microalgae increased, the nutrient salts and metals were removed from the culture water. The cell number of green algae increased to 3.3 times by increasing the hydraulic retention time from 4 d to 6 d. With the addition of air into the culture water, the green algae accounted for 87 % of the total population. These controls led to an increase in the useful green algae components as the fuel.     

Acid-Catalyzed Homogeneous Esterification Reaction for Biodiesel Production from Palm Fatty Acids

This work deals with esterification of palm fatty acids to produce biodiesel in a batch reactor, using homogeneous acid catalysts, evaluating the effect of the alcohol used, presence of water, type and concentration of catalysts. Methanesulfonic and sulfuric acid were the best catalysts. Reaction with methanol showed greater yields. It was showed very clearly that the presence of water in the reaction medium showed a negative effect in the reaction velocity. Kinetic parameters were estimated and molecular modeling was performed. Protonation of the carboxylic moiety of the fatty acid were defined as rate determinant step for the reaction.     

超临界流体技术制备生物柴油的研究进展

综述了超临界流体技术制备生物柴油的最新研究进展。介绍了反应机理和反应动力学、工艺操作条件、原料中的水和游离脂肪酸、共溶剂和附加催化剂对酯交换反应的影响,并提出了超临界流体技术的优势、存在问题以及发展方向。