4%功夫·甲维盐微乳剂的研制

文章介绍了4%功夫·甲维盐[m(功夫)∶m(甲维盐)]=3∶1环保型农药微乳剂的组成与制备,考察了表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、溶剂及水质对其稳定性的影响,确定了优选配方,并对其性能和田间药效进行测试和试验。     

纤维级聚苯硫醚纯化技术的研究

采用硫化钠法合成聚苯硫醚(PPS),使用N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)和去离子水混合溶剂对PPS进行纯化制备纤维级PPS,对不同温度和不同溶剂配比下PPS的纯化效果进行了研究,并对比了纯化前后PPS试样的可纺性。结果表明:在PPS的纯化工艺中,纯化温度为200℃时纯化效果较好,以体积分数90%的NMP和10%的去离子水的混合溶剂为纯化溶剂时纯化效果较纯NMP溶剂更优;在上述纯化温度和纯化溶剂条件下,能够有效去除PPS中的钠离子和灰分,并且有效降低PPS产品中的低聚物含量,纯化效果最优,且纯化后的PPS可纺性最佳,所得PPS纤维力学性能最好,其断裂强度为3. 5 c N/dtex,断裂伸长率为15. 6%,模量为35. 9 c N/dtex。     

4.2%高氯·甲维盐微乳剂研究

介绍了4.2%高氯·甲维盐[m(高氯):m(甲维盐)]=4.0:0.2微乳剂配方的组成和制备方法,通过不同乳化剂、助溶剂等的筛选,确定了最佳配方,并对其性能和田间药效进行了测试和试验.     

4.5%高氯-甲维盐水乳剂的配方研制

介绍了4.5%高氯-甲维盐水乳剂的组成和制备方法。以外观、分散性、乳液稳定性、低温稳定性、热贮稳定性为标准,研究了不同溶剂、乳化剂、抗冻剂、消泡剂种类和用量对4.5%高氯·甲维盐水乳剂性能的影响?结果表明最佳制剂配方为:高效氯氰菊酯4%,甲维盐0.5%,二甲苯10%,DMF5%,甲醇4%,十二烷基苯磺酸钠4%,农乳600#3 3%,丙三醇2%,消泡剂S 0.5%,纯水加至100%。该水乳剂各性能指标均符合要求,是合格农药水乳剂产品。     

甲钴胺溶解度的测定和关联

在甲钴胺的结晶分离纯化过程中,溶解度数据至关重要。本文采用静态法测定了273～335K范围内甲钴胺在溶剂——纯水、乙醇及丙酮：水=8：1的混合溶剂中的溶解度数据,为结晶方案的确定和结晶工艺条件的优化提供了基础的热力学数据。实验结果表明,甲钴胺在纯溶剂水或乙醇中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增加;此外,甲钴胺在丙酮：水=8：1混合溶剂中几乎不溶解。采用Apelblat模型和经验多项式方程关联测定结果,其溶解度关联值和实验值比较吻合。这为采用溶析结晶法分离甲钴胺提供了理论基础。     

松脂基植物油溶剂在1.9%甲维盐EC中的应用评价

介绍了松脂基植物油溶剂在1.9%甲维盐EC配方中的应用,并对产品的各项性能指标进行了测试评价,确定了配制方法和较佳配方组成。经测定,产品质量稳定,热贮(54℃±2℃)14d分解率小于5%,水分含量小于0.5%,冷贮实验合格,各项指标符合乳油的要求。     

4．2％高氯·甲维盐微乳剂研究

介绍了4．2％高氯·甲维盐[m（高氯）：m（甲维盐）]=4．0：0．2微乳剂配方的组成和制备方法,通过不同乳化剂、助溶剂等的筛选,确定了最佳配方,并对其性能和田间药效进行了测试和试验。     

三烷基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的合成研究

以氯丙烯与N,N-二甲基十六烷基胺(CTA)为原料合成了二甲基十六烷基烯丙基氯化铵(CDAAC),研究了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度和溶剂等因素对产物CDAAC收率的影响。通过红外光谱和元素分析对产物的结构进行了表征;用溴酚蓝作指示剂、二氯乙烷作分相溶剂的两相化学滴定法测定其含量。同时,利用薄层色谱法,对所制备阳离子表面活性剂的合成路线及其纯化过程进行跟踪。实验结果表明较佳的反应条件为:n(氯丙烯)n∶(CTA)=31,∶以无水乙醇为溶剂,于45℃反应24 h,所得CDAAC的收率可达93.04%。     

超临界法制备离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐

以超临界CO2为溶剂,由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷制备了标题化合物,并采用超临界CO2萃取的方法纯化产物.考察了超临界CO2温度、压力和时间对反应产率及对未反应的溴代正丁烷的萃取率的影响.产物的结构和纯度通过1HNMR表征.     

环氧树脂固化剂2—甲基咪唑的纯化

本文用重结晶法对环氧树脂固化剂２－甲基咪唑进行纯化，重点讨论了纯化过程中溶剂选择和溶剂用量确定两个问题，并对产物质量进行了标定。     

溶剂微胶囊--现代萃取技术发展的核心之一

从溶剂微胶囊的制备及应用两方面较为全面地综述了溶剂微胶囊技术的发展,并总结了其特点,提出技术展望。溶剂微胶囊技术是微胶囊技术与萃取技术相结合而发展起来的新型分离技术,溶剂微胶囊具有萃淋树脂可以有效避免乳化和分相容易等优点,而在萃取剂包覆量和防止萃取剂流失方面,具有更明显的优势。     

Solvent recovery

A brief overview is presented of the economic significance of solvent recovery in the oilseed extraction industry in view of the steep price advance of hexane since 1974. The present solvent recovery practices in oilseed plants are outlined with addition of operating techniques since 1976. Also, industry trends are noted in terms of improved equipment. Information is presented on the expected solvent losses in various recovery steps in the normal solvent plant operation. Techniques for measuring solvent losses in vent gas effluent, waste water effluent and extracted oil production stream are outlined. The areas of greatest solvent loss are the desolventizer-toaster (DT) meal outlet stream and the various mechanical leaks in the process machinery. Some discussion is presented on the lack of ability to better define the solvent loss associated with meal discharge stream from the DT unit. Various deficiencies are pointed out in testing procedures and a suggestion is made for increased work in the field to substantiate a better value for solvent loss determination in DT meal.     

Conser顺丁烯二酸酐工艺溶剂消耗析因与对策

吐哈油田石油天然气化工厂2万t／a顺酐装置2007年引进了意大利Conser顺酐溶剂吸收工艺,该丁艺在吸收塔中以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯作为溶剂对反应气中顺酐组分进行吸收分离,顺酐的吸收效率和吸收过程中溶剂的损耗成为该工艺的关键控制指标。工艺设计过程中溶剂消耗为15kg／t顺酐,而在实际运行中溶剂消耗异常升高时有发生。从影响溶剂消耗的各种因素进行分析,找到了造成溶剂消耗偏高的问题,并从工艺参数优化调整和技术改造上提出了针对性措施,工艺运行中溶剂消耗得到有效控制。     

Nanofiltration membrane cascade for continuous solvent exchange

This paper proposes a continuous process for solvent exchange, a key unit operation for organic synthesis in pharmaceutical manufacturing. This process comprises a counter-current membrane cascade using organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membranes. The effect of process parameters, such as number of stages and flow rate ratio of replacing solvent to initial solvent, on solvent exchange performance are tested through simulations and experiments. Experimental results show 47.8%, 59.2%, and 75.3% solvent exchange for single-stage, two-stage and three-stage cascades, values which are close to the 50.0%, 66.6%, and 75.0% predicted by simulations. In general, the feasibility of OSN membrane cascades for continuous solvent exchange is demonstrated in this work.     

The influence of the solvent upon the low shear viscosity of styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer solutions

This paper describes the results of an experimental investigation concerning the effect of polymer–solvent thermodynamics on low-shear viscosity of copolymer soltions. Thermodynamic parameters and low-shear solution viscosities were measured for solutions of polystyrene homopolymer and styrene–acrylonitrile copolymers in four solvents: benzene, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, and dimethylformamide. The thermodynamic quality of a solvent for a polymer is characterized by free-energy-of-mixing parameters. These quantities are: the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic interaction parameter χ, the second virial coefficient (from light scattering), the intrinsic viscosity, and the polymer expansion factor. The thermodynamic interaction between a solvent and a polymer in solution influences the rheological behavior of the system. At low concentrations of polymer in solvent, the low-shear solution viscosity is larger in a good solvent than in a poor solvent. In solutions of higher concentration, the reverse may be true and the viscosity is often significantly larger in a poor solvent than in a good one. These results are not predicted quantitatively by existing theory. The parameters in existing viscosity correlation techniques are found to be solvent dependent. The so-called entanglement concentrations for polymer solutions are not unique for a particular polymer but are related to the free energy of mixing polymer with solvent.     

Interaction of polyvinylpyrrolidone with small cosolutes in aqueous and non aqueous media

The properties of dilute solutions of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents in the presence of small molecules are studied by measurements of intrinsic viscosity, [η]. The unperturbed dimensions are determined in pure solvents and in solvent mixtures. There are different unperturbed states, depending on the solvent and the solvent/cosolute mixture. These results are discussed on the basis of the nature of the side group interaction with the solvent and the cosolute. The role of the preferential adsorption of one of the cosolute on the polymer was considered. It would seem that the solvent plays an important role in the type of interaction.     

加入环戊烷对超临界溶剂脱沥青加工加拿大油砂沥青的影响

在超临界溶剂脱沥青耦合脱油沥青喷雾造粒装置上,将加拿大油砂沥青分离为脱沥青油及脱油沥青,通过对比在正戊烷中加入体积分数10%环戊烷前后得到的脱沥青油及脱油沥青性质变化来考察环戊烷对溶剂脱沥青的影响。结果表明,加入环戊烷可以提高脱沥青油质量收率1%～4%,当收率为67%～71%时,2种溶剂得到的脱沥青油性质接近,但是脱油沥青软化点比加入环戊烷之前却可以提高3～13℃,从而能够生产出优异的沥青粉。     

Adsorption of polymethylmethacrylate from binary sovent systems

A study on the adsorption of polymethylmethacrylate from binary solvent systems is reported. The adsorbents used are aluminium silicate and calcium silicate. An attempt is made to explain the experimental data in terms of solvent/polymer and solvent/adsorbent interactions and of the cohesive energy density concept. The results are satisfactorily interpreted in terms of solvent/polymer and solvent/adsorbent interactions.     

溶剂蒸发法制备药物微胶囊研究进展

介绍了溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊的原理,分析了溶剂蒸发法制备药物微胶囊的工艺的研究现状。重点讨论了以下3个主要方面：（1）微液滴的形成;（2）溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊;（3）微胶囊颗粒的回收和干燥,并对溶剂蒸发法制备微胶囊技术的发展作了展望。     

润滑油基础油络合脱氮的溶剂选择

采用Klopman所给出的溶剂化能公式,计算了润滑油基础油络合脱氮中不同精制溶剂所产生的溶剂化能的大小。计算结果表明,在同一溶剂中,过渡金属离子所带的电荷越多,产生的溶剂化效应越大;当不同溶剂与同种金属离子相互作用时,溶剂的介电常数降低,对金属离子的溶剂化效应也相对减弱,有利于络合物的生成,亦即络合物有较大的稳定性。除了考虑溶剂化效应之外,还要求溶剂具有适当的选择性和一定的溶解能力。当用于工业化生产时,还需要考虑溶剂的价格是否适中。综合溶剂化效应、选择性、溶解能力、价格和实际的碱氮脱除率5个方面来看。糠醛是润滑油基础油络合脱氮的最佳精制溶剂。