杀菌剂氟嘧菌酯的合成

报道了杀菌剂氟嘧菌酯的合成工艺研究。以4-羟基香豆素为原料,依次经过硝化、碱水解、甲胺化、环合、醚化和碱重排环合反应得到(E)-(5,6-二氢-[1,4,2]-二嗪-3-基)-(2-羟基苯基)-甲酮-O-甲基肟(中间体F);以2-氟丙二酸二乙酯为原料,经与醋酸甲脒成环后进行氯化反应合成中间体4,6-二氯-5-氟嘧啶;中间体F先后与4,6-二氯-5-氟嘧啶和2-氯苯酚进行醚化反应得到目标产物氟嘧菌酯。以4-羟基香豆素计,合成总收率达17%,产品质量分数为96%(HPLC)。     

香豆素噻唑烷二酮类化合物的合成

运用拼合原理并根据构效关系研究结果,设计了香豆素噻唑烷二酮类化合物,合成方法是以甲基取代的香豆素为原料,经NBS溴化后,再与5-(4-羟基苄叉)-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮在NaH作用下缩合得到,其中中间体5-(4-羟基苄叉)-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮是由噻唑烷二酮与对羟基苯甲醛在哌啶催化下缩合得到,共合成了5-[4-(香豆素-7-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮、5-[4-(4-甲基香豆素-7-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮、5-[4-(香豆素-6-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮、5-[4-(7-甲氧基香豆素-4-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮、5-[4-(3-溴香豆素-7-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮、5-[4-(3-溴-4-甲基香豆素-7-亚甲氧基)苄叉]-噻唑烷-2,4-二酮6个香豆素噻唑烷二酮类化合物,结构均经IR1、HNMR、MS确定,两步反应合成目标化合物总产率分别为10.4%、13.1%、7.1%、16.0%、22.0%、18.0%。     

活性酯法合成来氟米特

2-氯-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪和N-甲基吗啉反应得到氯化4-(4,6-二 甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)-4-甲基吗啉,其与5-甲基异(噁)唑-4-甲酸反应制备2-(5-甲基异(噁)唑-4-甲酰氧基)-4,6-二甲氧基-1,3,5-三嗪,所得化合物与4-三氟甲基苯胺反应合成标题化合物,总收率约72％(以...     

巴多昔芬杂质的合成方法

正本发明提供了一种合成巴多昔芬杂质的合成方法,以4-羟基苯乙醇为原料,苄氯保护酚羟基,二氯亚砜与苯乙醇反应生成苄氯,与中间体3-甲基-5-苄氧基-2-(4-苄氧基苯基)-1H-吲哚反应,钯碳催化加氢脱去苄基保护,获得巴多昔芬杂质。此方法无     

艾氟康唑及其关键中间体合成工艺改进

为控制艾氟康唑及其中间体的合成产品质量,开发了以R-乳酸甲酯为原料,经吗啉胺化成4-[(R)-2-羟基丙酮基]吗啉,在羟基保护后与格氏试剂2,4-二氟苯基溴化镁反应得到(2R)-2',4'-二氟-2-(3,4,5,6-四氢-2H-吡喃-2-氧)-丙基苯基酮,之后采用"一锅法"得到化合物(2R,3R)-2-(2,4-二氟苯基)-1-(1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-1-基)-2,3-丁二醇,经甲磺酰化、成环氧、与4-亚甲基哌啶缩合,得产物艾氟康唑,HPLC纯度为99.5%,ee值为99.9%。     

2-巯基-3-苄氧基吡啶的合成

报道了超高效除草剂三氟啶磺隆的中间体2-巯基-3-苄氧基吡啶的合成方法。首先以2-氯-3-羟基吡啶(2)为原料,与溴化苄(3)在丙酮中反应制备2-氯-3-苄氧基吡啶(4);化合物4再与硫脲在无水乙醇反应得到2-巯基-3-苄氧基吡啶。总收率75.61%。     

(S)-4-苄氧基取代苯丙胺醇衍生物的制备

采用以L-N-Boc酪氨酸甲酯为原料，经苄基保护4位酚羟基、LiAlH4还原甲酯、脱苄基保护、醚化反应、脱Boc保护基等反应，合成了中间体3和(S)-4-苄氧基取代苯丙胺醇衍生物3个。实验过程中得到的中间体3和(S)-4-苄氧基取代苯丙胺醇衍生物分别为(S)-3-(4-羟基苯基)-2-叔丁氧甲酰氨基-1-丙醇、(S)-3-(4-苄氧苯基)-2-氨基-1-丙醇、(S)-3-[4-(3,4-二氟苄氧苯基)]-2-氨基-1-丙醇和(S)-3-[4-(2,6-二氟苄氧苯基)]-2-氨基-1-丙醇，所得化合物的化学结构经质谱和核磁共振氢谱确证。本合成路线具有操作简单、收率高的特点，其中中间体3可用于氨基醇类衍生物的合成，而(S)-4-苄氧基取代苯丙胺醇衍生物的合成提供了基础化合物和合成方法参考，以发现和研制新的活性药物。     

新型除草剂嘧啶肟草醚的合成研究

以2,6-二羟基苯甲酸和糠醛为原料,经缩醛反应得到5-羟基-2-呋喃基-4H-1,3-苯并二-4-酮,然后与2-甲磺酰基-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶在K2CO3为缚酸剂的条件下醚化得到5-[(4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶-2-氧基)-2-呋喃-4H-1,3-苯并二-4-酮,再以DMF为溶剂,先后与二苯酮肟和2-甲磺酰基-4,6-二甲氧基嘧啶在碱性条件下反应得到嘧啶肟草醚。总收率50.01%。     

一种SGLT1/2抑制剂的合成工艺

阐述了一种SGLT1/2抑制剂1,6-脱水-1-C-[4-氯-3-[(4-三氟甲氧基苯基)甲基]苯基]-5-C-(羟甲基)-β-L-艾杜吡喃糖(1)的合成方法。该方法以[(3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-三苄氧基-6-[4-氯-3-[[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]甲基]苯基]-2-羟甲基-6-甲氧基-四氢吡喃-2-基]甲醇(2)为原料,经过成环反应得到[(1R,2S,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4-三苄氧基-5-[4-氯-3-[[4-(三氟甲氧基)苯基]甲基]苯基]-6,8-二氧杂双环并[3.2.1]辛烷-1-基]甲醇(3),化合物3经过氢化脱苄得到化合物(1)。该工艺路线操作简单,可操作性强,副反应少,反应收率高,适合工业化生产。     

抗肿瘤药物恩曲替尼的合成工艺优化

改进了抗肿瘤药物恩曲替尼的合成工艺。以4-氟-2-硝基苯甲酸为起始原料,经酯化反应、亲核取代、还原、亲核加成、三氟乙酰基保护、水解后得到4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-2-[2,2,2-三氟-N-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙酰胺基]苯甲酸。2-氟-5-溴苯腈和硼酸三甲酯发生亲核取代,再与3,5-二氟苄溴发生Suzuki偶联反应,经成环后得5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑-3-胺。4-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-2-[2,2,2-三氟-N-(四氢-2H-吡喃-4-基)乙酰胺基]苯甲酸与5-(3,5-二氟苄基)-1H-吲唑-3-胺发生缩合反应,再经脱三氟乙酰基得到目标化合物,纯度99.12%,总产率26.0%(以4-氟-2-硝基苯甲酸计)。相比于文献路线,合成工艺缩短了酰胺的合成步骤,进行了原工艺中价格昂贵的原料(3-氰基-4-氟苯基)硼酸的合成,节约了成本,优化了多步反应的条件及后处理方法。改进后的合成路线具有原料易得、操作简便、产率高的特点,更适合工业化生产。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。