一种中草药组方保健食品润肠通便功能的研究

目的:研究一种中草药组方保健食品对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。方法:采用复方地芬诺酯建立小鼠便秘模型,通过小鼠小肠推进实验和排便实验,检测该中草药组方对小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、排首粒黑便时间、6 h内排黑便粒数及排便质量的影响。结果:与便秘模型组相比,该中草药组方保健食品能促进小肠运动,明显减少排便时间,增加6 h内粪便粒数和粪便质量。结论:该中草药组方保健食品具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

复方海带代餐粉润肠通便作用研究

目的 对富含膳食纤维和不饱和脂肪酸的复方海带代餐粉进行润肠通便作用研究。方法 采用盐酸洛哌丁胺构建便秘小鼠模型,将100只昆明种雄性小鼠随机分为两大组,分别进行小肠运动实验和排便实验,每组再分别随机分为空白对照组、模型对照组和复方海带粉高、中、低剂量组：6.58 g/kg、3.29 g/kg、1.65 g/kg（分别相当于人体推荐量的10倍、5倍、2.5倍）,干预14 d后,通过检测小鼠小肠墨汁推进率、首粒排黑便时间、6 h内排便粒数和重量,并计算粪便含水量,分析其对小鼠润肠通便功能的影响。结果 在便秘模型构建成功的基础上,中、高剂量的复方海带粉能极显著提高便秘小鼠的小肠墨汁推进率,缩短首粒排黑便时间、增加6 h内排便粒数和质量,提高粪便含水量（P < 0.01）,以高剂量效果最佳。结论 该复方海带代餐粉能促进便秘小鼠的小肠运动,改善便秘,具有良好的润肠通便作用。     

小鼠便秘模型的建立

为研究保健食品的润肠通便功能,针对保健食品润肠通便功能试验的要求,用１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ＢＷ的复方地芬诺酯建立了稳定的小鼠便秘模型,模型组与对照组在首粒黑便排便时间、６ｈ内排便粒数及排便重量间均有显性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）。多次重复实验表明,该模型稳定可靠,建议在保健食品润肠通便功能检测中对其进行验证。     

辣椒素对便秘小鼠肠道传输功能的影响

目的观察辣椒素对便秘模型小鼠肠道传输功能的影响。方法采用复方地芬诺酯(10 mg/kg)制备小鼠便秘模型,经灌胃给予不同浓度的辣椒素,观察辣椒素对各组小鼠首次排黑便时间、5 h粪便粒数、小肠推进率的影响。结果辣椒素能明显缩短便秘小鼠的首便时间,并增加其所排粪便的粒数和重量,提高便秘小鼠的墨汁推进率,具有剂量依赖性。结论辣椒素能够促进便秘小鼠的肠道传输功能和排便。     

小麦戊聚糖润肠通便功能的实验研究

研究富含戊聚糖的小麦提取物的润肠通便作用,并探讨适宜剂量,为应用于功能食品提供依据。昆明小鼠分为低、中、高3个剂量组,另设空白对照与模型对照,以复方地芬诺酯建立便秘模型,通过计算墨汁推进率,判断受试样品对小鼠肠道蠕动功能的影响;通过测定首粒排红色粪便的时间和6 h内排便粒数及重量,判断受试样品对小鼠排便功能的影响,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。3个剂量组的小麦戊聚糖提取物均可提高小肠墨汁推进率,与模型组相比具有显著差异;中、高剂量的小麦戊聚糖提取物可缩短首粒红便排出时间、提高6 h内排便数及重量,与模型组相比具有极显著差异。小麦戊聚糖提取物具有良好的促进排便和促进肠道蠕动功能,其中中剂量性价比最高,可推荐作为适宜的人体参考服用量。     

富含抗性糊精的鲜枣汁对便秘模型小鼠通便作用的研究

研究鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复合配方对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用。将雄性昆明种小鼠随机分为5组,空白对照组、模型对照组、鲜枣汁组、抗性糊精组、鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组。采用地芬诺酯灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,观察受试样品对小鼠小肠推进和排便的影响。结果表明,与模型对照组相比,鲜枣汁组能显著增加6 h内排便粒数(p0.05),但首粒排黑便时间,排黑便质量及小肠墨汁推进率较模型对照组无统计学差异;抗性糊精组、鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组相比于模型对照组,均显著缩短首次排黑便时间(p0.01)、增加6 h内排便粒数(p0.01)以及小肠墨汁推进率(p0.01);抗性糊精组粪便质量显著高于模型对照组(p0.05),鲜枣汁与抗性糊精复配组粪便质量极显著高于模型对照组(p0.01)。该研究中的鲜枣汁无润肠通便功效,抗性糊精与鲜枣汁复合配方具有明显的增强肠道蠕动,促进排便的功效,且抗性糊精与鲜枣汁复合配方的润肠通便效果较抗性糊精单独作用更加显著。     

党参水提物的通便作用研究

目的:研究党参水提物对便秘小鼠小肠推进和排便的影响。方法:采用复方地芬诺酯造成小鼠便秘模型,给予高、中、低3个剂量组(3 333、1 667、833mg/kg·BW)的党参水提物进行干预,观测其对小肠推进的作用,并采用酶联免疫方法对便秘小鼠结肠组织中五羟色胺(5-HT)和血管活性肽(VIP)水平进行测定,探讨其可能的影响机制;采用复方地芬诺酯灌胃造成便秘小鼠模型,观察党参水提物对小鼠排便的影响。结果:小肠推进实验结果显示,3个剂量组的党参水提物对小肠推进均有明显的促进作用:5-HT和VIP指标测定结果显示,高剂量和低剂量党参水提物能够显著增加便秘小鼠肠道内5-HT水平,减少VIP的释放;小鼠排便实验结果显示,高剂量党参水提物对便秘小鼠的排便有明显的改善,能缩短首粒排黑便时间、增加排黑便重量,低剂量组能明显增加排黑便重量。结论:党参水提物具有潜在的通便作用。     

柑橘橘络提取物通便作用的实验研究

目的:研究富含柑橘多糖和黄酮的橘络提取物的润肠通便作用。方法:依据《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003版)"通便作用检验方法",将小鼠随机分为模型对照组、阴性对照组和三剂量实验组(低、中、高剂量组),经口给予柑橘橘络提取物1w后,通过测定小肠墨汁推进率、首粒便排出时间和6h内排便粒数及重量,判断柑橘橘络提取物对小鼠肠道蠕动和排便功能的影响。结果:与模型对照组相比,低剂量和中剂量组提高小肠墨汁推进率分别为65.29%和62.90%;3个剂量组的小鼠排首粒便时间显著低于模型对照组,6h内排便数及重量明显增多。结论:柑橘橘络提取物具有良好的促进肠道蠕动功能和排便的作用,其中中剂量组效果较好。     

肉苁蓉膳食纤维润肠通便功能研究

目的研究肉苁蓉膳食纤维的润肠通便功能,为开发利用肉苁蓉膳食纤维提供科学依据。方法依据国标方法对制得的肉苁蓉膳食纤维进行主要成分分析,将实验小鼠随机分为5组,包括正常对照组、便秘模型组和肉苁蓉膳食纤维低、中、高剂量组。以复方地芬诺酯建立便秘模型,通过测定小鼠的小肠活性炭推进率、首粒黑便的排出时间及其之后6 h内的排便粒数,评价肉苁蓉膳食纤维对小鼠润肠通便功能的影响。结果本研究制得的肉苁蓉膳食纤维中含有88.12%的可溶性膳食纤维。在连续灌胃14天后,肉苁蓉膳食纤维各剂量组小鼠的小肠活性炭推进率均高于便秘模型组,其中,中、高剂量组与便秘模型组间有显著性差异(P0.05);与模型组相比,肉苁蓉膳食纤维各剂量组小鼠的首粒黑便排出时间均有所缩短,6 h排便粒数均有所增加,其中,高剂量组小鼠的首粒黑便排出时间和6 h排便粒数与模型组相比具有显著性差异(P0.05)。结论肉苁蓉膳食纤维具有良好的润肠通便功能。     

乳双歧杆菌IU-100润肠通便作用评价

通过动物试验和人群试验探究乳双歧杆菌IU-100对便秘的缓解作用。动物试验将小鼠随机分为6组,灌胃复方地芬诺酯构建便秘小鼠模型,通过测定首次排黑便时间、5 h内排黑便粒数、重量、粪便含水率及小肠推进率,评价IU-100对小鼠胃肠道运动及排便功能的影响;人群试验招募50名便秘受试者,饮用IU-100发酵酸奶28 d,评价便秘受试者排便次数、粪便性状和排便积分的变化情况。结果表明：IU-100菌株可显著改善便秘小鼠首次排黑便时间、增加排黑便粒数和重量,提高小肠墨汁推进率（P<0.05）;便秘受试者饮用IU-100发酵酸奶28 d后,受试者排便次数、粪便性状和排便状况积分均得到显著改善。为IU-100缓解便秘的作用效果提供理论依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the