大豆油高得率浸出工艺的研究

文章针对大豆油高得率浸出工艺展开探讨,通过单因素试验研究分析了大豆料坯水分含量、料坯厚度、浸出温度、浸提时间以及料液比对饼粕残油率、浸出大豆油色泽以及磷脂含量的影响;在此基础上确定了料坯水分含量、料液比、浸出温度与浸出时间为影响浸出大豆油得率的关键因素。通过正交试验获得大豆油高得率浸出工艺最佳参数为:入浸水分7%,料液比1:0.8,浸出温度60℃和浸出时间80min,在此最佳浸出工艺条件下,能够将大豆料坯中的残油率降至0.65%。     

新型制油溶剂正戊烷浸出大豆油的研究

对正戊烷和正己烷浸出的大豆毛油及大豆粕的质量进行比较,论述了正戊烷浸出的优点.研究结果表明,正戊烷的浸出率比正己烷略高,浸出所得的大豆油色泽浅;正戊烷浸出大豆粕脱溶温度低,蛋白溶解度高,加工过程能耗低.正戊烷是一种优良的浸出溶剂.     

正戊烷浸出大豆油工艺研究

以大豆坯片为原料,采用罐组式浸出法,正戊烷作溶剂进行浸出研究。通过改变影响因素,选择最优工艺条件,结合实际要求得到正戊烷浸出工艺条件为:浸出温度26℃,浸出次数3次,豆坯水分含量6.63%,豆坯坯厚0.231mm,在此条件下,粕中残油率为1.03%;浸出所得大豆毛油色泽Y70、R2.0,酸价1.81mgKOH/g,不皂化物含量1.73%,磷脂1.31%,并与正己烷浸出进行比较;同时测定浸出大豆粕蛋白含量为57.7%,NSI值82.7%。     

正戊烷浸出大豆油的工艺研究

以大豆坯片为原料、正戊烷作溶剂,采用罐组式浸出器进行浸出试验.通过单因素及正交试验得到最佳工艺条件为:浸出温度26℃,浸出次数3次,坯片含水量6.63%,坯片厚度0.231 mm.在此条件下,粕中残油率为1.03%;所得大豆毛油的色泽Y70、R2.0,酸值(KOH)1.81 mg/g,不皂化物含量1.73%,磷脂含量1.31%;所得浸出豆粕的蛋白含量为57.7%,NSI为82.7%.正戊烷作溶剂浸出植物油是可行的.     

大豆膨化浸出工艺的研究

用普通谷物膨化机进行大豆挤压膨化处理的最佳工艺条件是:原料水分12.8％原料粒度3.2孔/cm筛上物;螺杆转速384r/min。在此条件下所获得的膨化料浸出后粕中残油率低于0.5％,膨化料在浸出速率、溶剂渗滤速度、湿粕含溶量等诸性能上均明显优于轧制坯。     

正己烷、正庚烷、正戊烷浸出大豆油动力学特性研究

采用平板模型建立浸出动力学模型,确定正己烷、正庚烷、正戊烷等不同溶剂浸出大豆油浸出参数和对浸出过程影响。结果表明:采用平板模型建立数学指数模型能较好描述浸出过程,回归分析得出浸出速率和平衡系数,表明溶剂不同对油料浸出效果有较大影响,油脂萃取过程中正庚烷浸出速率较大和扩散系数较高,使用正戊烷萃取后大豆粕残油率较低。     

大豆膨化浸出与精炼技术的质量控制研究

为提高大豆膨化工艺的制油质量,精细化油脂浸出工艺的应用细节,本文从大豆膨化工艺的时间、温度、料液比以及料胚高度等因素出发,对该技术影响大豆油脂浸出质量因素进行研究。在明确使用膨化工艺进行油脂浸出操作优势的基础上,对该工艺的各项影响浸出油脂质量的因素进行分析,并借助酸炼、碱炼和除溴提高浸出油脂的精度,解决油脂在浸出后存储可能出现的反酸反色等问题,以期提高大豆油脂的生产质量。     

大豆异黄酮、大豆皂甙的提取工艺研究

通过溶剂对比实验及单因素实验确定了从大豆粕中提取大豆异黄酮和大豆皂甙的最佳提取溶剂及影响浸提效果的相关因素，并通过响应面实验优化了最佳工艺条件：温度70℃、乙酸浓度72.4%、每次提取液料比为10.3∶1、每次提取时间3.5h，提取2次。该条件下大豆异黄酮提取率为0.507%、皂甙为5.48%。     

新型混合溶剂浸提冷榨脱皮菜籽饼油的研究

通过比较异丙醇与不同烷烃组成的混合溶剂对冷榨脱皮菜籽饼浸提效果发现,环己烷的浸提效果仅次于正己烷,但从经济角度考虑,采用异丙醇和环己烷作混合溶剂对冷榨脱皮菜籽饼进行浸提研究.改变浸出料液比、异丙醇和环己烷的体积比、浸出时间和次数,在62℃的条件下进行浸出,对浸出粕中的残油率、浸出杂质进行检测,得出异丙醇和环己烷混合溶剂浸出冷榨脱皮菜籽饼的最佳工艺条件为:液料比3:1,异丙醇和环己烷的体积比3:1,浸出时间60 min,浸提次数1次.粕中残油为0.74%,二次浸提粕中残油降为0.20%.     

优质大豆粕质量指标及其与油脂生产的关系

介绍近年来在优质大豆粕生产和贸易中新增豆粕质量指标及其意义 ;通过对大豆油脂生产各工序半成品及成品粕蛋白质含量、蛋白质溶解度、尿素酶活性等质量指标的测定 ,分析大豆油脂生产工艺对豆粕质量的影响。指出大豆有效除杂、高效脱皮、料坯膨化、合理湿粕蒸脱、豆粕粉碎等是影响大豆粕质量的主要生产工序     

豆粕中大豆异黄酮的超声辅助提取工艺研究

以大豆异黄酮提取率为指标,豆粕为原料,采用超声波辅助提取大豆异黄酮。在单因素的基础上,通过正交试验确定提取豆粕中大豆异黄酮的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,从豆粕中提取大豆异黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:料液比为1∶20,乙醇浓度为80%,超声时间为30 min,超声温度为60℃。在此工艺条件下,大豆异黄酮的平均提取率为0.3522%。     

大豆挤压膨化物显微结构的研究

针对大豆挤压膨化预处理浸油时,浸出率提高,浸出时间缩短这一现象进行研究,应用了樾的显微技术中的石蜡制片法和显微摄影技术,分别对大豆挤压膨化物和大豆轧胚胚片制成切片,切片染色后显微摄影。指出大豆挤压膨化预处理较轧胚预处理具有明显的优势。     

异己烷浸出膨化大豆工程应用研究

异己烷因其毒性低、沸点低、馏程窄而备受关注。通过异己烷在5 000 t/d膨化大豆浸出生产线上应用实践,评价毛油残溶、湿粕残溶、蒸汽消耗、溶剂消耗、成品粕氮溶指数以及毛油磷脂含量的变化,并与正己烷的效果进行对比。结果发现,异己烷在膨化大豆浸出生产线的毛油残溶、湿粕残溶、成品粕氮溶指数、毛油磷脂含量及蒸汽消耗均优于正己烷,年均溶剂消耗与正己烷基本持平。建议加大对异己烷在浸出法制油中的推广应用力度。     

利用高温脱脂豆粕制备脱脂豆浆工艺的研究

实验以高温脱脂豆粕蛋白溶出率为指标,通过单因素与正交实验比较加热搅拌法与超声波法两种方法处理脱脂豆粕粉制备豆浆的工艺,得到了脱脂豆粕制备脱脂豆浆的最佳工艺参数。加热搅拌法最佳工艺参数为:提取温度60℃,提取时间60min,料液比1:18,蛋白溶出率为80.9%;超声波法最佳工艺参数为:提取温度50℃,提取时间30min,料液比1:16,蛋白溶出率为81.8%。从节能角度考虑,选取超声波法为高温脱脂豆粕制备脱脂豆浆的最佳方法。     

AQUEOUS EXTRACTION OF OIL AND PROTEIN FROM SOYBEAN AND LUPIN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

This study compares the effects of extrusion pretreatment and protease addition during aqueous extraction processing (AEP) of soybean and lupin flakes. AEP of flakes resulted in the lowest yields of oil (56%), protein (71%) and [cream  +  free oil] (8%) for soybean, while for lupin, yields were 48, 69 and 2%, respectively. AEP protein extraction yields were decreased by extrusion pretreatment, but this pretreatment improved enzymatic action, increasing protein extractability from soybean and lupin by 47 and 26%, respectively. For both protein crops, enzyme-assisted AEP (EAEP) of extruded flakes yielded the highest oil, protein and [cream  +  free oil] yields, which were 96, 85 21%, respectively, for soybean. Yields for lupin were 81, 77 and 10%, respectively. Extrusion followed by enzyme addition positively impacted demulsification yield, the creams from EAEP of soybean and lupin extruded flakes being the less stable toward enzymatic demulsification .

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The vegetable oil industry is looking for alternatives to the traditional solvent extraction of oil-bearing seeds, and there is a need to increase the inefficient conventional aqueous extraction of protein from residual defatted meal, a by-product of the oil extraction process. The concept of enzyme-assisted aqueous extraction processing (EAEP) has been successfully developed for extruded soybean material, but its efficiency on other oil-bearing seeds still needs to be demonstrated. By determining the oil and protein extraction yields recovered during EAEP of extruded lupin flakes, the feasibility of transferring this process from soybean to other oilseeds will be established.     

超声波辅助提取大豆油中豆甾醇工艺条件研究

以乙酸乙酯为提取剂,以大豆油为原料,采用超声波辅助提取大豆油中的豆甾醇,在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交试验L9(34)对提取工艺进行了优化,结果表明,超声辅助提取大豆油中豆甾醇最佳工艺条件为:超声温度50℃、超声时间40min和液料比19mL/g。在此最优条件下,豆甾醇的提取率最高,可达到34.15%。     

玉米油皂脚处理工艺的研究及应用

建立了一种玉米油精炼副产品皂脚的综合回收利用的处理方法,研究了玉米油皂脚与玉米胚芽粕的添加混合比例、造粒干燥成型、浸出提油等工艺参数对产品质量指标的影响。试验结果表明:选用丙酮溶剂,皂脚和玉米胚芽粕的混合比例为4∶1,烘干温度为125℃,烘干时间为60 min,采用逆流喷淋方式进行提油,喷淋时间为90 min,浸出温度为50℃~55℃,溶剂比为1∶(0.8~1.0)时,提取的中性油质量指标可以达到玉米原油标准,粕的质量指标符合玉米胚芽粕指标。     

酶法水解大豆膨化料提取多肽的工艺

采用挤压膨化预处理水酶法提取大豆油的同时,也有较高的多肽得率。利用水酶法应用于大豆多肽的提取,并应用响应面优化方法得出大豆挤压膨化后水酶法提取多肽的最佳工艺为加酶量1.6%、酶解温度60℃、酶解时间3h、料水比1:5、酶解pH9.6。经过验证与对比实验可知,在最优酶解工艺条件下大豆多肽得率可达到41.36%左右,比相同酶解条件下未经挤压膨化预处理大豆多肽得率有显著提高。     

Feeding fish meal and extruded soybeans enhances the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content of milk

Twelve multiparous Holstein cows averaging 65 (33 to 122) DIM were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square for 4-wk periods to determine whether feeding fish oil as fish meal would stimulate increased amounts of milk conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11 C18:2; CLA) and transvaccenic acid (trans-11 C18:1; TVA) when the cows were fed extruded soybeans to supply additional linoleic acid. Treatment diets were 1) control; 2) 0.5% fish oil from fish meal; 3) 2.5% soybean oil from extruded soybeans; and 4) 0.5% fish oil from fish meal and 2% soybean oil from extruded soybeans. Diets were formulated to contain 18% crude protein and were composed (dry basis) of 50% concentrate mix, 25% corn silage, and 25% alfalfa hay. Intake of DM was not affected by diet. Milk production was increased by diets 2, 3, and 4 compared with diet 1 (control). Milk fat and milk protein percentages decreased with diets 3 and 4. Milk fat yield was not affected by treatments, but yield of milk protein was increased with supplemental fish meal and extruded soybeans or their blend. When diets 2, 3, or 4 were fed, concentrations of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat increased by 0.4-, 1.4-, and 3.2-fold, and TVA concentrations in milk fat increased by 0.4-, 1.8-, and 3.5-fold compared with the control milk fat. Increases in TVA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA were 91 to 109% greater when a blend of fish meal and extruded soybeans was fed than the additive effect of fish meal and extruded soybeans. This suggested that fish oil increased the production of CLA and TVA from other dietary sources of linoleic acid such as extruded soybeans.     

挤压膨化加工对大豆浸出性能的影响

主要研究了用挤压膨化机加工大豆制得的膨化料坯浸出后,豆粕残油率随加工参数变化的情况.通过采用试验与理论分析相结合的方法,探讨了挤压膨化机加工参数对豆粕残油率的影响规律.研究表明,原料含水量严重影响着膨化料坯的浸出性能,加热温度升高使豆粕残油率显著降低,挤压膨化机内压力越小,豆粕残油率越高,当挤压膨化机螺杆转速在一定范围内,豆粕残油率随着螺杆转速增加而下降.