微晶马铃薯淀粉乙酰化工艺参数优化

为改善马铃薯淀粉性能,拓宽其应用领域,对马铃薯淀粉进行微晶化和乙酰化复合改性。本试验以马铃薯淀粉为原料,盐酸为酸解剂,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,采用响应面法对马铃薯微晶淀粉的乙酰化工艺参数进行了优化。考察了反应温度、反应时间、pH以及醋酸酐用量对乙酰化微晶马铃薯淀粉取代度的影响。用红外光谱对乙酰化微晶马铃薯淀粉进行表征。制备乙酰化微晶马铃薯淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:反应温度30℃,反应时间90 min,pH 8.5,醋酸酐用量17%(醋酸酐用量为占干微晶淀粉质量分数)。     

乙酰化酸解复合变性淀粉的制备及性能研究

本文以玉米淀粉为原料,以盐酸为酸解剂,醋酸酐为乙酰化试剂,氢氧化钠为酰化催化剂对酸解乙酰基复合变性淀粉合成工艺进行了研究。考察了反应时间、反应温度、pH值、酸含量对酸解淀粉流度、乙酰化淀粉取代度及产品性能的影响。实验结果表明,升高酸解温度、增加酸解时间和酸含量将加速淀粉的降解。采用流度法测定酸解淀粉的粘度,采用酸碱滴定法测定了乙酰化酸解淀粉的取代度。     

微晶淀粉的制备方法及应用

综合介绍了微晶淀粉的分类、制备方法和应用前景。微晶淀粉可采用天然淀粉的回生法、水解法、结晶化方法以及冷冻结晶法等方法制备,不同制备方法制得的微晶淀粉其用途各异。有的可作食品添加剂,有的可作保健品和辅助治疗药物。     

乙酰化酸解糯玉米变性淀粉的制备及性能研究

以糯玉米淀粉为原料,盐酸为酸解剂,醋酸酐为酰化试剂,氢氧化钠为催化剂,无水硫酸钠为膨胀抑制剂,对乙酰化酸解糯玉米变性淀粉的制备工艺及性能进行研究。考察反应时间、反应温度、醋酸酐用量、pH值、无水硫酸钠用量对乙酰化酸解糯玉米变性淀粉取代度的影响。结果表明,各因素对酸解糯玉米淀粉的乙酰化 反应均有影响,最佳制备条件为反应温度25℃、反应时间50min、pH8.5、无水硫酸钠用量1.5%。酸解糯玉米淀粉经乙酰化后,其糊透明度、冻融稳定性均增加,且随着取代度的增大而增加,但乙酰化对凝沉性无影响。     

马铃薯淀粉微球的制备及吸附香精性能

以马铃薯淀粉为原料，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用悬浮交联聚合法制备了淀粉微球。电镜扫描显示，微球表面粗糙，其对玫瑰香精的吸附量达133mg·g－1。     

羧甲基马铃薯淀粉的制备及性能研究

羧甲基马铃薯淀粉被广泛应用于工业部门。本文研究了水／异丙醇溶剂法制备高取代度马铃薯羧甲基淀粉，探讨了水分、温度、反应时间、理论取代度(DSt)、淀粉负荷以及氢氧化钠对一氯乙酸钠的摩尔比(nNaOH/nSMCA)对马铃薯淀粉羧甲基化过程的影响。用傅立叶变换红外光谱表征产物的结构，同时研究了羧甲基化过程对淀粉结晶结构的影响。     

玉米、木薯及马铃薯淀粉颗粒微晶结构及性质的研究

运用广角X射线衍射分析方法对玉米、木薯及马铃薯淀粉颗粒结晶结构及常温下水的溶胀作用对淀粉颗粒不同微晶结构的影响进行了系统研究,提出了在淀粉颗粒中存在着大量的介于微晶和非晶之间的亚微晶结构,并提供了在一条X射线衍射曲线图中确定微晶、亚微晶和非晶区域的方法。     

马铃薯羧甲基淀粉制备工艺的研究

研究了以马铃薯淀粉为原料,用乙醇溶剂法制备羧甲基淀粉（CMS）。探讨了碱化温度、醚化温度、碱化时间、醚化时间、氢氧化钠用量、氯乙酸用量及反应体系中的水分含量对马铃薯羧甲基淀粉取代度（DS）的影响,通过正交试验得出制备马铃薯羧甲基淀粉的最佳工艺条件。     

马铃薯渣制备微晶纤维素的工艺研究

以马铃薯淀粉加工的主要副产物——湿马铃薯渣为原料,研究直接制备微晶纤维素的方法。首先采用氢氧化钠脱除半纤维素,再使用酸性亚氯酸钠法脱除木质素,最后使用稀酸处理来去除残留的淀粉,同时降解纤维素得到微晶纤维素。该工艺针对马铃薯渣的组分特征和物料特性,采用一步酸解法直接制备微晶纤维素,无需预先制备粗纤维素,将前处理除去淀粉和降解纤维素的步骤合并,简化了工艺流程,提高了处理效率和资源利用效率,同时对所得微晶纤维素的品质无明显影响。根据单因素实验以及正交优化实验结果,酸解的最佳实验条件为:盐酸浓度为10%,酸解时间为120min,酸解温度为95℃,料液比为1∶2。      

Dynamic Rheological and Thermal Properties of Acetylated Sweet Potato Starch

Dynamic rheological and thermal properties of acetylated sweet potato starch (SPS) pastes (5%, w/w) were evaluated as a function of the degree of substitution (DS). The transition temperatures (T_o, T_p and T_c) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) of acetylated SPS, which were determined using differential scanning calorimetry, were lower than those of native starch, and significantly decreased with an increase in DS. Magnitudes of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G′′) and complex viscosity (η*) of acetylated SPS pastes were determined using a small‐deformation oscillatory rheometer. Dynamic moduli (G′, G′′ and η*) values of acetylated SPS pastes except for 0.123 DS were higher than those of native starch, and they also decreased with an increase in DS. The tan δ (ratio of G′′/G′) values (0.37–0.39) of acetylated SPS samples were lower than that (0.44) of native starch and no significant differences were found among acetylated SPS samples, indicating that the elastic properties of SPS pastes were affected by acetylation but did not depend on DS. The G′ values of acetylated SPS during aging at 4°C for 10 h were much lower than those of native starch, showing that the addition of acetyl groups produced a pronounced effect on the retrogradation properties of SPS.     

Pasting Properties of Potato Starch and Waxy Maize Starch Mixtures

The pasting viscosity, morphological properties, and swelling properties of potato starch and waxy maize starch mixtures at different ratios were investigated. Pasting analysis of the starch mixtures (7% solids in water, w/w) using a Rapid Visco Analyser showed linear changes in peak viscosity and pasting temperature according to the mixing ratios of both starches, but not in breakdown and setback. The pasting profile revealed that the starches rendered mutual effects during pasting, more significantly when the amounts of potato and waxy maize starches were similar. The volume fraction of swollen granules and the presence of amylose appeared to be important parameters in the mutual effects of both starched during pasting. Under a light microscope, the swelling of potato starch granules was delayed by the presence of waxy maize starch. Overall results indicate that new pasting properties can be generated by mixing starches of different botanical sources.     

Effect of Acetylation on Some Properties of Corn and Potato Starches

Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate the effect of plant source on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, rheological, textural and retrogradation properties of the starches. Corn starch showed a lower degree of acetylation than potato starches under similar experimental conditions. The degree of acetylation for different potato starches also differed significantly. Morphological examination revealed that the granules of acetylated Kufri Chandermukhi and Kufri Sindhuri starches tended to appear as fused and less smooth than native starch granules. Acetylation of corn and potato starches decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization and increased swelling power and light transmittance. However, the change in these was greater in the potato starches with higher percentage of small sized granules. Acetylated starches showed higher peak G', G'' and lower tan δ than their counterpart native starches during heating. Among the starches from different cultivars, the change in the rheological parameters after acetylation differed to a significant extent. The retrogradation was observed to be negligible in the acetylated cooked starch pastes. Results implied that the change in functional properties of starches with acetylation depends on source and granule morphology of native starch.     

非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法

报道了水分散体系高温溶胀、常温碱分散体系强碱溶胀作用非晶颗粒态马铃薯淀粉的制备方法 ,采用偏光显微镜对多晶态向非晶态的变化进行了确认 ,提出在一定条件下 ,高交联马铃薯淀粉 ,可以由原淀粉多晶颗粒态制备成只含无定形结构的非晶颗粒态淀粉     

马铃薯辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备研究

以马铃薯淀粉为原料,研究了水相法制备辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的工艺条件。探讨了反应时间、反应温度、酸酐稀释倍数、碱用量、淀粉乳浓度及酸酐用量等因素对产品取代度的影响,并通过正交试验确定了最佳工艺参数,即:OSA用乙醇稀释5倍,淀粉乳含量35%,反应温度35℃,pH8.0,反应时间3h。在此工艺条件下,产品取代度可以达到0.017。用电镜扫描观察了淀粉颗粒形态,初步证明了酯化反应主要发生在颗粒表面的无定形区,并未改变其晶型。     

Effect of Potato Starch Properties on Instant Noodle Quality in Wheat Flour and Potato Starch Blends

The properties of potato starch and their effect on the quality of Chinese‐style alkaline instant noodles made from wheat flour and potato starch blends were investigated. Starches were extracted from nine potato cultivars, and the phosphorus content of these starches was analyzed together with the median granule size and pasting and gelatinization properties. Instant noodles were manufactured using mixtures of wheat flour and these potato starches. A Rheoner instrument was used to evaluate three textural parameters, namely, the breaking force (BF), breaking energy (BE), and ratio of the breaking force to the breaking deformation (BF/BD), of instant noodles cooked by immersing into boiling water for 3 and 7 min. The phosphorus content, peak viscosity, and breakdown were significantly and positively correlated with the BF of the noodles cooked for 3 min and did not significantly correlate with that of those cooked for 7 min. Other quality parameters of potato starch did not affect the BF significantly. Other textural parameters of instant noodle quality, such as the BE and BF/BD, did not significantly correlate with any of the quality parameters of potato starch. The findings obtained with the use of wheat flour and potato starch blends suggest that phosphate, which is thought to enhance starch viscosity of potato starch, is important for making instant noodles with favorable texture in hardness.     

微细化马铃薯淀粉的理化性质

采用Brabender粘度计及化学分析技术等测试手段 ,探讨了马铃薯淀粉颗粒在机械球磨微细粉碎后理化性质变化的规律 .结果表明 ,微细化改变了马铃薯淀粉的糊化性质 ,使其糊化变易 .随球磨时间的延长 ,马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度不断降低 ;当球磨 5 0h后 ,常温基本能糊化 ,同时糊粘度大大降低 ,热粘度和冷粘度稳定性提高 .微细化还导致马铃薯淀粉与水的结合能力增强 ,溶解度、膨胀度和吸湿性提高 .