FPR-混凝土粘结界面的规律

根据试验数据,研究了FRP与混凝土粘结的非线性模型Ⅱ界面规律。所提出的界面规律基于差分方程,并考虑了高剪应力下粘性剂和混凝土保护层的非线性作用。模型中的参数均在拉—拉剥离试验下校准,同时采用了不同荷载水平、不同粘结长度、沿FRP板方向的最大传递荷载与应变。通过有限粘结长度决定的最大传递荷载的估计值来确定界面规律中的断裂能,同时根据应变确定剪切－滑移关系。并通过一系列文献的试验结果验证参数优化程序。在粘结－滑移模型中采用所提出的界面定律进行数值模拟计算,得出粘结区域中FRP的应变、剪应力和滑移与试验结果很吻合。     

FRP片材-混凝土界面应变率效应试验研究

对57个FRP片材-混凝土双面剪切试件进行快速加载试验,试验加载最大应变率为100,000με/sec。试验参数包括应变率、混凝土强度、黏结树脂性能和FRP种类。试验结果显示界面断裂能、FRP最大应变、峰值剪应力等参数随应变率呈对数线性增大的关系,表明FRP片材-混凝土界面性能具有明显的应变率效应。在本试验应变率范围内,较低强度混凝土试件的应变率效应更加显著,而黏结树脂性能和FRP种类对界面应变率效应的影响不明显。基于混凝土材料的应变率效应模型,采用试验数据回归其关键参数,得到快速荷载作用下FRP片材-混凝土界面的黏结滑移模型。运用该模型对FRP片材-混凝土界面性能进行进一步的参数分析,结果表明随着应变率的增大,界面极限总滑移量增加,而FRP有效黏结长度则减小。     

铝合金板混凝土界面的粘结滑移性能及其本构关系

铝合金板具有轻质高强、耐腐蚀性和延展性好等优点,是复杂恶劣环境中加固混凝土结构的理想材料。基于双剪试验进行铝合金混凝土界面粘结滑移性能研究,完成了45个构件的双面纯剪试验,得到了其破坏形态、荷载应变关系曲线、粘结界面剪应力分布曲线、荷载滑移关系曲线以及界面极限承载力,分析了不同的混凝土强度等级、铝合金板表面粗糙度、铝合金板粘结长度和粘结宽度条件下界面粘结滑移性能的演化规律。研究表明:加载过程中,界面应力从加载端向自由端逐步传递,且随着混凝土强度等级、铝合金板的粘结长度和宽度的增加,试件的剥离承载力也有所提高。但铝合金的粘结长度存在一个有效粘结长度值,超过该值试件的剥离承载力将不再增加,同时,铝合金表面粗糙度对试件剥离承载力的提高没有实质影响。通过测量铝合金板的应变得到了不同参数条件下铝合金板混凝土粘结滑移本构曲线,结果表明:铝合金板混凝土粘结滑移本构曲线存在明显的界面软化特征和非线性行为。     

FRP筋与混凝土粘结滑移性能的试验研究

通过对埋入混凝土一定深度的螺纹FRP筋的对称拉拔试验,研究了FRP筋与混凝土间界面的粘结滑移及界面应力传递机理,分析了自FRP筋加载端至自由端界面粘结滑移的发展、传递过程,探讨了FRP筋沿埋入深度方向的界面剪应力变化及界面粘结滑移的破坏特征。本文研究结果表明,FRP筋与混凝土界面剪应力及FRP筋滑移自FRP筋加载端至自由端逐步传递,滑移量逐渐减小;FRP筋混凝土与钢筋混凝土滑移破坏有着本质的区别,钢筋混凝土产生滑移时主要是混凝土撕裂和压碎,而FRP筋混凝土滑移破坏是以筋肋削弱或剪切破坏为主要特征。     

FRP与混凝土界面黏结-滑移本构关系的试验研究

FRP与混凝土的黏结性能是外贴纤维增强聚合物加固钢筋混凝土结构技术的关键问题。采用修正梁模型,对9个外贴FRP条带加固混凝土受弯构件的黏结性能进行了试验研究,考察混凝土强度和FRP黏结长度对黏结性能的影响,分析了FRP应变以及局部黏结剪应力发展规律以及沿黏结长度在各级荷载下的分布规律,计算得到了局部黏结剪应力-滑移关系曲线。通过对试验结果的统计回归分析,提出3种不同复杂程度的局部黏结剪应力-滑移本构关系模型,3种本构关系模型与试验结果都吻合较好,可供实际加固改造工程应用以及完善相应规范的编制参考。     

FRP与混凝土的粘结性能研究进展

FRP与混凝土的粘结性能是外贴纤维加固混凝土结构技术的关键问题.本文介绍了近10余年来,国外学者对FRP与混凝土的粘结性能的试验和理论研究进展,着重论述了试验方法、传力机理、粘结界面破坏形式、粘结强度及影响因素、FRP应变及粘结剪应力的分布、粘结应力-滑移关系以及粘结强度计算模型等,总结以往研究成果并提出了有关建议,供实际加固工程应用参考.     

湿热环境下粘钢加固混凝土界面的粘结性能

钢板-混凝土界面粘结性能是粘贴钢板加固混凝土结构的关键。通过对湿热环境下27个钢板-混凝土试件进行试验研究,分别进行5、10、15d的加速湿热老化,然后进行双剪试验,获得了钢板-混凝土界面发生剪切剥离破坏过程中的极限荷载、钢板应变分布及荷载-位移关系。分析了环境温度、湿度耦合作用对钢板-混凝土界面粘结耐久性能的影响,并综合考虑钢板-混凝土的粘结破坏模式、受力过程、粘结界面相对位移发展规律,提出了粘结界面剪应力、滑移与温度和湿度相关的表达式。建立了考虑温度、湿度影响的粘结-滑移本构关系模型,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

FRP板与混凝土湿粘结界面剪切性能试验研究

采用7种不同的粘结树脂,通过2批双剪试件的拉伸剪切试验研究了拉挤成型玄武岩纤维复合板与后浇混凝土湿粘结界面的力学性能,并将其与在既有混凝土表面外贴FRP形成的干粘结界面进行了比较,通过对比两者的破坏特征、荷载位移曲线、有效粘结长度、粘结滑移关系、界面断裂能以及粘结破坏机理,深入地研究了湿粘结界面的性能.结果表明：湿粘结的粘结强度仅为干粘结的1/2~2/3,但2种界面的有效粘结长度相差不大.最后,基于试验数据提出了适用于湿粘结界面的剪切滑移本构模型.     

纤维增强复合筋与混凝土黏结性能试验及黏结-滑移本构关系模型

对30个纤维增强复合材料(FRP)筋-混凝土黏结试件进行了拉拔试验,研究了FRP筋类型、直径、黏结长度与混凝土强度等级对界面黏结性能的影响。在试验研究基础上,建立了预测界面黏结强度和黏结剪应力-滑移本构关系模型,并与试验结果进行了比较分析。试验结果表明,破坏模式为FRP筋滑移拔出或者FRP筋断裂。4个试验变量中FRP筋类型对界面黏结强度影响最为显著。计算结果表明,建立的预测模型与试验值吻合较好,可以有效地预测FRP筋与混凝土界面的黏结强度和黏结剪应力-滑移关系曲线。     

FRP-混凝土界面粘结性能有限元方法研究

分析FRP-混凝土界面的粘结性能, 是研究FRP外贴加固钢筋混凝土结构的基础问题。本文根据已有的面内剪切试验研究结果, 采用大型通用有限元程序MSC.Marc建立有限元模型并导入裂面剪力模型子程序, 进行了非线性计算分析。引入了“裂缝带模型”、“界面粘结承载力”、“有效锚固长度”等概念, 对混凝土单元开裂软化模量以及裂面剪力模型进行了优选。得到了FRP应变分布规律和界面粘结应力分布规律, 提出了全新的“粘结屈服平台”概念, 建议相关的界面性能非线性有限元分析采用本文的方法。     

集中荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁界面滑移及变形

报道了8榀集中荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合简支梁的滑移规律和变形的试验结果。利用Goodman弹性夹层假设,推导了钢-混凝土组合简支梁的界面滑移和挠度变形的理论计算公式。该理论公式既能描述组合梁的界面滑移规律,又可以计算界面滑移对组合梁变形挠度的影响。利用通用有限元软件对钢-混凝土组合梁的界面滑移与变形进行了非线性有限元分析,并将多项计算结果进行了比较。通过大量理论计算,探讨工程设计中合适的剪力连接度。本文所得的理论计算公式,将方便工程设计人员对钢-混凝土组合结构滑移和变形挠度进行计算,并为其极限承载力的有限元计算提供了理论基础。     

An experimental study on delamination of FRP plates bonded to concrete

Results of an experimental campaign on FRP–concrete delamination are presented. Specimens with different bonded lengths and plate widths have been tested. Strain gauges along the FRP plate have been used to measure longitudinal strains. For long bonded lengths, progressive debonding along the specimens has been followed. Starting from experimental data, average shear stress–slips data have been computed. By post-processing these data, non-linear interface laws for two different plate widths have been calibrated. Increase of maximum shear stress with decreasing plate width has been observed, whereas no significant plate width effect on fracture energy and delamination force has been found. Experimental tests have been simulated by adopting a numerical bond-slip model and the above mentioned non-linear law for the FRP–concrete interface. Numerical results in good agreement with experimental results have been obtained, both at low and very high loading levels.     

Modeling short-term tension stiffening in reinforced concrete prisms using a continuum-based finite element model

Tension stiffening is most often included in models of reinforced concrete by modifying the constitutive laws of the tensile concrete. In reality, tension stiffening is caused by the bond stress that develops at the steel–concrete interface between the primary cracks. In this paper, a modified CEB–FIP bond model is incorporated into a non-linear finite element program to accurately model tension stiffening at the serviceability limit states. The bond–slip relationship at any point along the reinforcement bar is modified to account for the local damage of the surrounding concrete, as well as the level of steel stress. A non-local analysis is undertaken to adjust the constitutive law of the bond interface element at each load step. The proposed model is shown to accurately predict the crack spacing, stresses and deformation in axially loaded tension members at typical in-service load levels.     

Non-linear effects on solute transfer between flowing water and a sediment bed

A previously developed model of periodic pore water flow in space and time, and associated solute transport in a stream bed of fine sand is extended to coarse sand and fine gravel. The pore water flow immediately below the sediment/water interface becomes intermittently a non-Darcy flow. The periodic pressure and velocity fluctuations considered are induced by near-bed coherent turbulent motions in the stream flow; they penetrate from the sediment/water interface into the sediment pore system and are described by a wave number (χ) and a period (T) that are given as functions of the shear velocity (U_∗) between the flowing water and the sediment bed. The stream bed has a flat surface without bed forms. The flow field in the sediment pore system is described by the continuity equation and a resistance law that includes both viscous (Darcy) and non-linear (inertial) effects. Simulation results show that non-linear (inertial) effects near the sediment/water interface increase flow resistance and reduce mean flow velocities. Compared to pure Darcy flow, non-linear (inertial) effects reduce solute exchange rates between overlying water and the sediment bed but only by a moderate amount (less than 50%). Turbulent coherent flow structures in the stream flow enhance solute transfer in the pore system of a stream bed compared to pure molecular diffusion, but by much less than standing surface waves or bed forms.     

A new single-shear set-up for stable debonding of FRP–concrete joints

A new experimental set-up to perform single-lap shear debonding tests on fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcements bonded to concrete is presented. Back sides of both FRP reinforcement (sheet or plate) and concrete specimen are fixed to an external restraining system and the force is applied to the other side of FRP reinforcement. Hence, a stable debonding process can be experimentally followed, corresponding to the transition between two limit states of perfect bonding and fully debonded reinforcement. Both strain gauges along the FRP reinforcement and LVDT transducers have been used. Tests have been performed on both plates and sheets bonded to concrete specimens with different surface preparations before adhesive application. Shear stress–slips data have been computed from the experimental FRP strain measures. The parameters of a non-linear interface law have been then calibrated and compared with analogous results from experimental data obtained with a conventional set-up. A numerical bond–slip model has been finally used to simulate the experimental tests, adopting the above-mentioned law for the FRP–concrete interface. Numerical results in good agreement with experimental results have been obtained.     

On the seismic response of shallow-buried rectangular structures

Compared to bridges, underground structures are inappropriately regarded as less crucial components of road infrastructure in view of their supposedly low seismic vulnerability. The literature indicates, however, that shallow-buried rectangular structures, such as box culverts or rectangular tunnels, can be affected by shaking failure. To avoid the complexity of a fully non-linear soil–structure interaction analysis, a number of simplified methods have been proposed in recent years, which have gained popularity among designers. The aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability limits of such simplified analyses. The study compares the results obtained using simplified approaches with those emerging from non-linear static soil–structure interaction analyses, accounting for the following effects: the frictional behavior of the soil–structure interface, the geometry of the box structure, the overburden depth, the maximum PGA, and the increasing soil stiffness with increasing depth. The outcomes of the analysis indicate that shallow-buried rectangular structures are strongly affected by non-linear frictional effects at the soil–structure interface. The soil–structure interaction under seismic condition is shown to change smoothly from the condition of deep burial to the condition of “null overburden depth”. For a given aspect ratio, stiff, shallow-buried rectangular structures prove to be affected more deeply by sliding at the soil–structure interface than flexible structures and, for low aspect ratios, these structures may undergo a rigid rotation (rocking) that may even involve a partialization of the base foundation. For a reliable evaluation of member forces from racking distortions, rocking must be carefully taken into account.     

土与混凝土接触面特性的大型单剪试验研究及数值模拟

利用研制的大型单剪仪,对细粒土进行了土-混凝土接触面单剪试验研究.从试验结果分析得到剪切破坏带及其厚度.针对土体在剪切带内既有沿界面的错动滑移薄变形,又有自身剪切变形的双重变形机制,提出了接触面剪切滑移薄层单元及其本构关系,并给出其参数的确定方法.通过有限元数值模拟,证明了所提出接触面单元和本构关系的合理性.     

天津滨海地区两种典型软黏土蠕变特性试验研究

通过三轴蠕变试验,研究了天津滨海地区两种典型淤泥质黏土和粉质黏土的非线性蠕变特性。蠕变试验采用分级加载的方式进行,利用“陈氏法”对实测数据进行处理后得到两种软黏土在不同应力状态下的蠕变试验曲线。在此基础上,提取相关数据得到两种软黏土的应力–应变等时曲线,根据该曲线的变化规律,采用 Merchant 模型对两种软黏土的蠕变曲线进行拟合,确定模型参数,建立了适用于天津滨海地区两种典型软黏土的非线性蠕变模型。最后,对两种软黏土蠕变模型参数的变化规律进行了对比分析得出： Merchant 模型中虎克弹簧的弹性模量 E _H 随主应力差增大呈负指数规律变化, Kelvin 体的弹性模量 E _K 随主应力差增大呈线性规律变化的经验公式。     

Non linear behaviour of steel-concrete epoxy bonded composite beams

The bonding connection in steel-concrete composite beams is investigated in the case of static loading and normal strength concrete. Two 3-point bending tests performed on 4 meter span beams confirm that bonding could be very efficient allowing a large plastic strain without any shear failure if the bonding joint is properly designed. The measurements are close to the numerical results provided by non-linear beam models or non-linear FE model. However all the studied beam models do not allow a very accurate prediction of the behaviour close to the interface at failure in the case of shear failure. A realistic shear failure criterion suitable for bonded composite beams may improve numerical results.     

Modeling of soil–woven geotextile interface behavior from direct shear test results

Apart from other factors, the performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil structures depends also on the characteristics and behavior of the interface between soil and geosynthetic. Experiments were conducted in a direct shear test apparatus to study the shear force–displacement behavior at the soil–geotextile interface using two differently textured woven geotextiles. Analyzing the data so obtained a non-linear constitutive model has been presented for predicting both the pre-peak and the post-peak interface behavior. The predictions made by the developed model are found to be in good agreement with experimental data obtained from direct shear tests.