基于增量谐波平衡方法的Spar平台垂荡纵摇耦合内共振响应研究

针对经典的Spar平台垂荡纵摇耦合运动问题,为解决传统小参数摄动方法和时间步进分析方法的不足,提出将增量谐波平衡方法(Incremental Harmonic Balance Method,IHBM)应用于研究其内共振响应特性。根据Floquet稳定性分析理论,对周期解的稳定性和分叉特性进行分析;在此基础上,通过将该方法与增量弧长法相结合,实现了快速、连续获得Spar平台垂荡纵摇耦合周期运动响应的目的;将IHBM计算结果与时域模拟和多尺度法计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的准确性和高效性,该方法能够准确预测当波浪激励力频率满足一定条件,系统发生内共振时引起的纵摇不稳定运动现象。对于垂荡纵摇耦合产生的概周期运动,该方法结合Floquet理论能准确预测其发生的参数区间,从而为该周期运动的分析提供良好的基础。     

考虑碰摩的裂纹转子非线性特性研究

建立了轴上出现横向裂纹并发生碰摩时转子系统的运动方程，采用数值仿真方法分析了转子系统的分叉与混沌现象。研究表明，转子在裂纹和碰摩两种非线性因素的作用下，具有非常丰富的非线性行为，为转子系统的故障诊断提供了一定依据。     

一种求非线性振动系统周期解的切比雪夫级数方法

将切比雪夫级数理论和非线性优化算法结合,提出了一种求非线性振动系统周期解的方法。本方法将状态矢量中未知切比雪夫系数的求解,转化为对主周期上系统残差求最小值的无约束最优化问题,计算出了具有较高精度的切比雪夫级数周期解。所得周期解可通过积分运算直接求得系统的Floquet转移矩阵,从而分析周期解的稳定性。最后,以Duffing系统方程和直升机旋翼系统运动方程为例,验证了本方法正确、有效,也证明了将切比雪夫级数理论引入直升机气动弹性响应与稳定性研究正确可行。     

基于时间有限元的非线性系统周期响应求解及稳定性分析

非线性现象广泛存在于结构分析之中,获取非线性系统的周期响应对分析结构的频响特征、分岔与稳定特性至关重要。为此,一种基于时间有限元的非线性系统周期响应求解方法被提出。该方法在伽辽金时间有限元法的基础上,引入周期边界条件,并结合牛顿迭代法进行求解。该方法的优势在于：能够简单地处理非光滑周期荷载(如阶跃或冲击周期荷载);能够直接根据时间有限元的系统矩阵计算传递矩阵和Floquet乘子,进而判定周期解的稳定性。最后,通过数值算例验证了所提时间有限元在非线性系统周期响应求解及稳定性分析中的正确性、收敛性以及精度。     

分数阶非线性隔振系统的超谐波共振与周期运动转迁规律分析

针对具有非线性和黏弹性的隔振系统采用分数阶非线性Zener模型对其本构关系进行表征。将分数阶项等效成三角函数的形式，采用高阶谐波平衡法求解系统的稳态响应并结合多种方法对结果进行比较，数值模拟系统在低频区的动力学响应，采用Floquet理论对系统分岔类型进行判定，揭示了分数阶项对系统动力学响应的影响。研究结果表明，高次超谐波不仅存在跳跃现象且相邻次数超谐波转迁过程中存在周期运动多样性。数值模拟过程中还发现系统存在周期运动和混沌共存的现象，并总结了多态共存区域及其相邻区域的运动规律。     

大型水平轴风力发电机浆叶稳定性研究

大型水平轴风力发电机桨叶为流－刚－柔耦合的周期时变多体系统。本文暂未考虑风载荷，分析了重力载荷和桨叶预锥角、转速等因素的变化对稳定性的影响。力学建模中，考虑了桨叶挥舞、摆振、扭转和轴向运动以及根部铰的挥舞、摆振和变矩等刚体运动。利用有限元法形成5节点18自由度的刚－柔混合梁单元模型，应用Hamilton原理建立桨叶动力学方程，求得对应的摄动方程，采用Newmark隐式积分方法求解。根据Floquet理论判断运动稳定性，计算了相关转换矩阵的特征值。结果表明预锥角对桨叶运动稳定性影响不容忽视。在通常的工况下，桨叶能够 稳定地运转。     

开闭裂纹挠性转子动特性研究

采用裂纹深度修正的非线性开闭裂纹模型 ,研究涡动影响下挠性裂纹转子的动力学行为。数值仿真表明 :裂纹深度与非线性响应之间有比较确定的关系。随着裂纹深度增加 ,裂纹转子会在 m/ n倍临界转速附近出现次谐波分叉现象和拟周期运动 ;在亚临界转速范围内 ,系统在 2 / 3倍临界转速处可通过倍周期分叉途径进入混沌状态 ;在超临界转速范围内 ,1、2倍临界转速的不稳定区不断扩大 ,非线性因素抑制作用使系统产生周期跳变、倍分叉和混沌等非线性力学行为 ;阻尼对系统响应有很大影响。     

高维映射的Hopf分叉分析及其在冲击振动系统中的应用

应用中心流形范式方法研究了高维映射方程在非共振和弱共振情况下的 Ｈｏｐｆ 分叉问题,计算了中心流形,给出了映射的降维过程和简化方程,将 Ｒ２ 映射的 Ｈｏｐｆ分叉理论推广到了高维映射。应用该方法分析了一类两自由度冲击振动系统周期运动 Ｈｏｐｆ 分叉的存在性,并用数值方法得到了该冲击系统的拟周期响应及其向混沌的演化过程     

考虑非线性涡动时裂纹转子的分叉与混沌特性

分析了裂纹转子在非线性涡动影响下的动力学行为，特别是系统响应的分叉与混沌特性。通过大量数值计算表明：当刚度变化比ΔＫ较大时，系统在亚临界转速区的１２Ωｃ、２３Ωｃ附近具有丰富的非线性力学行为，有可能出现倍周期分叉、拟周期响应及混沌现象。随着ΔＫ的增大，在１２Ωｃ、２３Ωｃ附近周期解分别由低频进动分量分叉和谐波分量分叉两种不同的方式变到拟周期。随继续增大，首先在２３Ωｃ附近出现混沌，通向混沌的道路一方面是由拟周期进入，另一方面则与周期３解有关。当ΔＫ非常大时，在１２Ωｃ附近也由拟周期通向混沌。本文还发现许多周期３解随初值的改变而变为其它周期数解的情形。     

非对称转子-轴承系统碰摩的动力学特性分析

建立了受非线性油膜力作用的非对称转子-轴承碰摩模型，考虑刚度的各向异性，运用数值方法研究了轴两个主方向上的刚度比rk发生变化时，系统的分叉特性，发现系统发生碰摩时倍周期运动-混沌运动-倍周期运动的运动路径和反向涡动现象。针对数值结果使用分叉图、Poincare映射图和轴心轨迹图等方法研究其非线性特性，分析了碰摩对受非线性油膜力作用的非对称转子一轴承系统的影响。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...