低温烧成粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖坯体微观结构及烧成机理的研究

本文采用粉煤灰为主要原料,在较低的烧成温度下研制了性能优良的粉煤灰陶瓷墙地砖。着重研究了粉煤灰陶瓷的显微结构,分析了瓷体在烧成过程中的物理化学变化,探讨了粉煤灰陶瓷的低温烧成机制。进行x射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜研究,结果表明:粉煤灰陶瓷的显微结构是以粉煤灰原料中的非晶态玻珠和少量的结晶矿物石英及莫来石为骨架,烧成时产生的大量液相致密地填充骨架而构成的。粉煤灰陶瓷的烧结属于液相烧结,这种烧成机制决定粉煤灰陶瓷可以在低温下烧成。     

原位碳化硅复合锆莫来石材料的制备及机理研究

通过反应烧结锆英石、氧化铝和碳黑的混合物制备了原位ＳｉＣ颗粒复合的锆莫来石材料并研究了烧结机理。结果表明：通过反应烧结可制得原位ＳｉＣ颗粒复合的锆莫来石材料;球状或椭球状的ＺｒＯ２晶粒以均匀分布和聚集体两种形式分布于ＳｉＣ、莫来石、氧化铝及玻璃相共同组成的基质中;反应烧结过程中,ＳｉＣ、莫来石的生成反应滞后于锆英石的分解反应;烧结前期以ＳｉＣ的生成反应为主,烧结后期以莫来石的形成及致密化进程为主。     

Influence of ZrO2 on sintering and crystallization of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics

ZrO2 was added into CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass-ceramics and the effect of ZrO2 on sintering and crystallization of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass ceramics was investigated. The results show that the sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles decreases with the increase of the content of ZrO2. ZrO2 has an unfavourable effect on sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles. The sintering shrinkage ratio of glass particles increases with the increase of sintering temperature. The increase of sintering temperature favors the decrease of the liquid phase viscosity of glass particles. ZrO2 has little effect on crystallization of main crystalline phase （β-wollastonite）. However, it promotes the crystallization at relatively low temperature.     

影响碳化硼陶瓷致密化的因素

从纯碳化硼的无压烧结、添加烧结助剂、烧结时加压等方面介绍了碳化硼陶瓷活化烧结致密化的方法，综述了国内外在不同的烧结工艺下制备的碳化硼陶瓷材料的性能，进而分析了各种方法提高碳化硼陶瓷致密度的机制，比较了各种烧结方法的优缺点。结果表明：通过综合各种措施可以提高碳化硼陶瓷的致密度。     

Liquid Phase Sintering （LPS） and Dielectric Constant of α-Silicon Nitride Ceramic

The spark plasma sintering （SPS） was applied to prepare α-Si3 N4 ceramics of different densities with magnesia, silicon dioxide, alumina as the sintering aids. The mechanism of liquid phase sintering （LPS） wus discussed and the factors influencing the density of the prepared samples were analyzed. The dielectric constant of sintered samples was tested. The experimental results show that the density can be controlled from 2.48 g/ cm^3 to 3.09 g/ cm^3 while the content of the sintering aids and the sintering temperature alter and the dielectric constant is closely dependent on the density of obtained samples.     

Effect of heat treatment method on microstructure of tailings glass ceramics

A Cao-Mgo-Al2O3-SiO2 quaternary system was established with the main crystal phase design based on Diopside, and the effect of once-through sintering heat treatment on microstructure of iron railings glass ceramics was studied by using DTA, SEM along with measurement of microhardness and volume density. The experimental results show that, when the total amount of FeO and Fe2O3 exceeds 10wt%, a large number of fine nuclei are produced in the annealing process, and the phenomenon of nucleus resorption happens during the process of nucleation heat treatment, which is unfavorable for preparing iron tailings glass ceramics through once-through sintering method. When the annealing temperature from 1250 ℃ to 830 ℃, setting crystallization time for 4h, without heat treatment, crystals are well grown with arrangement and interlocking in glass phase. At 830 ℃ the crystals are well developed, well distributed and of good size; with crystallization time of 4 h the crystals with radial shape have high content and regular arrangement.     

PHLOGOPITE GLASS CERAMIC BY POWDER SINTERING PROCESS

Phlogopite glass ceramics can be made bypowder sintering technology.This paper now studies thefactors which affert propertier of the sintered phlogopiteglass ceramic by X-ray diffraction in qualitative and quan-titative way,and disscusses the method improved themachinable properties of phlogopite glass ceramic.     

Relationship between Liquid Phase Content and the Orientation of PMNT Ceramics by TGG Method

The effects of glass frit on the sintering and electric properties of PMN-PT textured ceramics were investigated. The glass frits, including PbO, Bi2O3 and ZnO, were selected since liquid phase sintering lowered the PMN-PT sintering temperature. The piezoelectric properties of PMN-PT ceramics with glass frit addition are strongly dependent on the densification. The addition of glass frits into PMN-PT matrix reduced the sintering temperature to 1 100 ℃ instead of 1 150 ℃ for samples without glass. The piezoelectric coefficients (d33) of PMN-PT textured ceramics achieved 568 pc/N with 1 wt% excess PbO.     

陶瓷材料的微波烧结特性及应用

介绍了微波烧结陶瓷材料的应用历史、基本原理，分析了陶瓷材料的微波烧结特性和微波烧结在氧化物陶瓷、非氧化物陶瓷及透明陶瓷方面的应用，指出了应用中存在的一些待解决的问题，展望了微波烧结陶瓷材料的应用前景。     

羟基磷灰石的微波烧结

对羟基磷灰石的微波烧结进行了系统研究,确定了制备致密HAP生物陶瓷材料的最佳微波烧结工艺条件.通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了烧结温度和时间对HAP生物陶瓷的物相和显微结构的影响,测试了烧结收缩率和抗折强度.结果表明,微波烧结利于HAP陶瓷坯体的致密化,可以实现低温快速烧结,并提高陶瓷的机械强度;微波烧结对HAP的分解有促进作用,而且随着烧结温度升高和时间延长HAP分解程度增大.1 200℃烧结30 min的HAP陶瓷样品抗折强度最高,为(95.42±3.45)MPa,其主晶相为HAP和β-TCP.     

常压烧结与微波烧结ZTA陶瓷性能

选择Al2 O3 -ZrO2 系统 ,采用微波烧结及常压烧结两种工艺 ,分别对ZTA陶瓷的力学性能和摩擦性能进行了测试比较 ,简单分析了影响ZTA陶瓷摩擦性能的主要因素 ,微波烧结使陶瓷的烧结温度降低 ,致密度提高 ,摩擦因数增大 ,磨损量减小     

火山凝灰岩微晶玻璃的研究

以火山凝灰岩为主要原料研制成了以β－硅灰石为主晶相的微晶玻璃。高ＣａＯ含量玻璃核化、晶化后整体均匀结晶成为乳白色或浅黄色微晶化制品；低ＣａＯ含量玻璃烧结、晶化后成为花纹清晰的微晶玻璃大理石。高ＣａＯ含量玻璃由于ＣａＯ含量高，热处理时严重分相，分相有利于玻璃整体均匀析晶；低ＣａＯ含量玻璃在大量析晶之前基本烧结，由于表面效应在玻璃颗粒表面诱发β－硅灰石晶体，并由表及里长大为针状晶体。     

纳米复相陶瓷的制备方法综述

纳米复相陶瓷是一种新型复合材料，它的综合性能相对传统陶瓷有了很大的提高。目前为止，纳米复相陶瓷粉体的制备方法主要有机械球磨、均相复合、非均相复合等，纳米复相陶瓷的烧结方法有无压烧结、热压烧结、热等静压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结等。对于纳米复相陶瓷而言，热等静压烧结、放电等离子烧结、微波烧结是比较理想的烧结方法。     

烧结温度对BN陶瓷材料强度的影响

采用热压烧结(HP)法制备纯BN陶瓷和B2O3-BN陶瓷复合材料．利用三点弯曲方法测定了这两种材料的抗弯强度、弹性模量等力学性能，通过扫描电镜对两种材料的断口进行了分析。结果表明：纯BN陶瓷烧结温度达到1800℃时相对质量密度和强度较低；添加B2O3烧结温度超过900℃时可以形成液相，改善了BN的烧结性能，提高了B2O3-BN复合陶瓷的相对质量密度，从而提高了材料的强度。     

Kinetics mechanism of microwave sintering in ceramic materials

Based on the traditional sintering model incorporating the characteristic of microwave sintering, the ionic conductance diffusion mechanism in microwave sintering was studied. A flat-ball model was presented to describe the kinetics process in microwave sintering, and was applied to the sintering process of TZP and ZrO₂-Al₂O₃ ceramics. The results indicate that the shrinkage rate of materials in microwave sintering is proportional to t ^2/3 and r ^−4/3, respectively, where t is the sintering time and r is the particle radius. Whereas, the shrinkage rate of materials in conventional sintering is proportional to sintering time t ^2/5. Our model suggests that microwave sintering is faster than conventional sintering, which shows a good agreement with the experimental observation in sintering process of TZP and ZrO₂-Al₂O₃. Supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 50332010) and the National Key Technology Research and Development Program for Resource and Environment of China (Grant Nos. 2006BAB12B03, 2006BAB12B05)     

RESEARCH ON MICROWAVE SINTERING ALUMINA CERAMICS

This paper introduces the characteristic of microwave sintering,introduces and analyses the process of microwave sintering of the alumina ceramics, moreover, compared with the experiments of conventional sintering method. Based on the researcb, some results are obtained, and experimental basis for microwave sintering of ceramecs is put forwarrd.     

膨胀珍珠岩-废玻璃复合饰面板的烧结机理研究

利用差热分析和扫描电镜测试技术，分析了膨胀珍珠岩－废玻璃复合饰面板在烧结过程中不同温度下的变化，认为其烧结的主要传质作用为粘性流动。烧结机理的研究表明，复合饰面板存在一个最佳烧结温度和保温时间。     

氧化钙对烧结法建筑装饰微晶玻璃烧结过程的影响

利用玻璃的烧结收缩曲线及Ｘ射线衍射分析，研究了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统建筑装饰微晶玻璃的烧结动力学，并讨论了ＣａＯ含量变化对玻璃烧结的影响，结合工业化生产，确定出有利于烧结过程的最佳ＣａＯ含量范围。     

Effect of nucleating agent on the crystallization of tailings glass ceramics prepared by one-time sintering

Glass ceramics was made by the one-time sintering method using the main raw material of iron tailings. On the basis of quaternary system of CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂, using DTA, XRD and SEM, the effects of different nucleating agents and mixing amounts as well as heat treatment on the crystallization of tailings glass ceramics were studied. The experimental results show that, nucleating agent and heat treatment are two necessary conditions for one-time sintering preparation of tailings glass ceramics namely, only adding nucleating agent or experiencing heat treatment, the quaternary system can not crystallize. The composite nucleating agent consisting of Cr₂O₃ and TiO₂ can further lead to the crystallization of the CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ quaternary system at the lower temperature, with the major phase of diopside. In the range of mass content, 0%–4%, crystal intensity and crystal content grow. But when mass content is more than 4%, the crystal size will become coarser and the crystal distribution will be less regular. Different heat treatment regimes do not change the composition of the crystalline major phase in the glass ceramics crystallization of CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ system. In the range of 30–60 minutes, with the extension of nucleation and crystallization, crystallization degree enhanced, but if the holding time surpasses 60 minutes, the crystallization is worse. Funded by The National Key Technology R & D Program of China for the 11^th Five-Year Plan(2006BAJ04A04)     

烧结温度对Al_2O_3-SiC复合陶瓷力学性能的影响

以Al2O3和SiC为原料,利用热压烧结法制备了Al2O3-SiC复合陶瓷.采用三点弯曲法、单边切口梁法等手段和SEM方法分别测定和分析了该复合陶瓷的抗弯强度、断裂韧性、致密度和断口形貌.结果表明,Al2O3-SiC10wt%复合陶瓷的致密度随热压烧结温度的提高而逐渐提高,最高可达98.42%;抗弯强度随烧结温度的升高而呈上升趋势,在1 800℃时抗弯强度最大为623MPa;断裂韧性明显是随温度的升高加强,特别是在1 850℃烧结时达到最高值7.9MPa·m1/2.材料的断裂方式主要为沿晶断裂,随着烧结温度升高,穿晶断裂所占的比例增大.