(苯乙烯/N-苯基马来酰亚胺)共聚物改性ABS树脂的耐热性能研究

采用苯乙烯(St)和N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)通过溶液共聚法制得(St/NPMI)共聚物。将(St/NPMI)共聚物和(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)胶粉分别与ABS树脂进行熔融共混后挤出、切粒。结果表明,与ABS胶粉相比,(St/NPMI)共聚物能较好地提高ABS树脂的维卡热变形温度。     

平推流管式连续反应器合成耐热ABS树脂的研究

采用自主研发的四釜串联平推流管式反应器和本体聚合方法,通过添加N苯基马来酰亚胺（NPMI）作为改性单体制备了耐热丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)树脂。研究了NPMI加入方式对ABS树脂结构和性能的影响,并通过仪器化冲击实验对橡胶的增韧效果进行了验证。结果表明,加入进料量3 %的NPMI使合成的ABS树脂热变形温度和拉伸强度有所提高,但冲击强度显著下降;当NPMI在第一、三反应器同时等量加入聚合系统时,相比在第一或第三反应器加入得到的样品的热变形温度提高到84.6 ℃,拉伸强度提高到54.3 MPa,冲击强度提高到162.3 J/m。     

ABS合金的改性研究

研究了(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)接枝粉对ABS/聚氯乙烯(PVC)和ABS/聚碳酸酯(PC)合金冲击性能的影响,同时采用[丙烯腈/苯乙烯/N-苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)]三元共聚物增加ABS/PC合金的韧性。结果表明,ABS接枝粉对ABS/PVC合金的冲击性能具有明显的提高作用,而且同时接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)后对ABS/PC合金的冲击性能也有较大程度的提高作用;(丙烯腈/苯乙烯/NPMI)三元共聚物对ABS/PC合金具有明显的增韧作用。     

乳液接枝聚合的反应控制对ABS树脂性能的影响

采用种子乳液聚合方法合成PB-g-SAN(ABS)接枝共聚物,与苯乙烯丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)熔融共混制备ABS树脂。主要研究了在聚丁二烯橡胶粒子(PB)上接枝苯乙烯(St)和丙烯腈(AN)单体制备ABS接枝共聚物过程中,单体的加料时间和预溶胀过程的控制对单体的接枝效果、ABS橡胶粒子的形态以及最终ABS树脂性能的影响。实验结果表明:与一次投料工艺相比,在接枝过程中连续进料方式有助于提高接枝效率,且单体连续加料时间适当缩短有助于提高ABS树脂的冲击强度;单体预溶胀过程会降低接枝效率,并且容易使St单体进入PB相形成内包容结构,接枝过程中保持预溶胀合适的单体量有助于提高ABS树脂的冲击强度。     

耐热ABS树脂的制备

采用乳液聚合法合成了一系列N-苯基马来酰亚胺（NPMI）-苯乙烯（St）-丙烯腈（AN）共聚物（简称SMIA树脂）,将其与AN-丁二烯-St三元共聚物（ABS）熔融共混制备了耐热ABS树脂。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱、差示扫描量热法对SMIA树脂进行了表征,探讨了SMIA树脂组成对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果发现：NPMI的引入可以显著提高ABS树脂的耐热性能,当w（NPMI）为10％～20％、m（St）／m（AN）为70：30时,ABS树脂既具有较高的玻璃化转变温度,又具有较好的力学性能。     

汽车用SMIA改性ABS研究

以氮苯基马来酰亚胺(NPMI)为耐热组分,合成了耐热改性树脂SMIA(NPMI、苯乙烯、丙烯腈三元共聚物)并将其应用于丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯塑料(ABS)。研究结果表明,NPMI可大幅度提高ABS的热变形温度,但NPMI在SMIA树脂中的质量分数超过30%时,SMIA树脂与ABS胶粉的相容性降低会导致耐热ABS的冲击强度降低,使用抗冲改性剂可在一定程度上改善ABS的冲击强度。SMIA还可使耐热ABS的流动性能得以提高,而且加入SMIA越多,这种作用越明显。     

丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响

通过乳液接枝聚合法合成丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(ABS)接枝粉料,与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)树脂熔融共混得到ABS树脂。探究丙烯腈含量对ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明：随着丙烯腈含量增加,ABS树脂的拉伸强度、冲击强度、耗散因数、体积电阻率、维卡软化温度以及两相之间相容性上升,但熔体流动速率、表面电阻率、介电常数下降。     

接枝聚合工艺条件对ABS树脂性能的影响

利用乳液聚合工艺制备了苯乙烯-丙烯腈的聚丁二烯橡胶(PB)接枝共聚物,然后与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN树脂)共混制备了ABS树脂。研究了预溶胀时间、反应温度和反应时间对接枝聚合过程中乳液粒径大小及ABS树脂性能的影响。结果表明,预溶胀有利于ABS树脂冲击强度的增加;接枝聚合反应的最佳的反应温度和反应时间分别为65℃和120 min。     

共混法耐热ABS的开发

以丙烯腈–苯乙烯共聚物、苯乙烯–马来酸酐–N-苯基马来酰亚胺(SMN)、ABS高胶粉(HGP)为原料,采用熔融共混法制备了高耐热ABS合金。研究了加工温度、剪切强度、SMN及HGP含量对产品耐热温度和力学性能的影响,以此为依据对产品配方和工艺条件进行了优化,开发出二个耐热等级的高耐热ABS,其主要性能接近或高于市售主流产品。     

嵌段型丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯树脂的制备与性能

针对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂中的橡胶粒子相形态难以精确调控的问题,提出采用可逆加成断裂链转移(RAFT)乳液聚合合成苯乙烯-丙烯腈无规共聚物和苯乙烯-丙烯腈/丁二烯嵌段共聚物,并通过共混制备嵌段型ABS树脂,研究嵌段共聚物分子结构对材料相形态和机械性能的影响。结果表明,通过乳液共混可制得橡胶粒子均匀分散的ABS树脂,与市售产品相比,采用两嵌段共聚物为增韧剂的嵌段型ABS树脂具有优异的综合性能,将增韧剂改为三嵌段共聚物,材料的拉伸断裂韧性能进一步提升,但缺口冲击性能下降明显。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.