Mode coupling in coaxial waveguides with varying-radius center andouter conductors

The mode conversion process in a coaxial waveguide with varying-radius center and outer conductors is shown to be described by a system of first-order differential equations-the coupled mode equations. The nondiagonal coefficients of this system are called the coupling coefficients. In this paper, we derive the explicit expressions for the coupling coefficients in a varying-radius coaxial waveguide and discuss some of their important features. These coefficients can be used in determining model conversion in a coaxial cavity with slowly varying walls or designing and analyzing coaxial waveguide tapers and mode converters. Some experimental results of the coupling coefficients for the case of azimuthally symmetric modes, TE_0n modes, are also given     

Coupling Characteristics of Planar Dielectric Waveguides of Rectangular Cross Section

An approximate analytical method based on experimental results for predicting the coupling characteristics of various coupling structures is described. Expressions for the propagation constants were derived using the generalized effective dielectric constant method. For nonsymmetric coupling structures, the theoretical coupling coefficients were modified by a correction factor. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical results are presented.     

强激光加载真空中铝靶冲量耦合的数值模拟

为了获得强激光加载真空中铝靶的冲量耦合系数,利用激光体烧蚀模型,采用流体力学理论和1维Lagrange有限差分的计算方法,对真空条件下不同激光参量时气化物质对靶产生冲量的过程进行了数值模拟,模拟计算结果与实验测量结果、Phipps定标关系符合得较好。结果表明,在等离子体条件下,冲量耦合系数随着激光功率密度的增大而减小。     

A vehicular-mounted vertical space diversity antenna for a landmobile radio

A vertical space-diversity antenna has been developed in order to achieve a diversity scheme while maintaining the simple appearance of a trunk-lid antenna. It is shown that small correlation coefficients can be achieved by a separation of approximately 0.5 wavelengths. Differences in the upper and lower antenna radiation patterns are clarified as being caused by mutual coupling of these antennas, and an incoming wave spread of more than 20° is the main reason for reduction of the correlation coefficients. Field tests in the Tokyo metropolitan area have indicated that adequate correlation coefficients and an adequate received signal level can be achieved. Moreover, calculation estimations are confirmed by the experimental results     

Design of Dual- and Triple-Passband Filters Using Alternately Cascaded Multiband Resonators

A novel method for designing multiband bandpass filters has been proposed in this paper. Coupling structures with both Chebyshev and quasi-elliptic frequency responses are presented to achieve dual- and triple-band characteristics without a significant increase in circuit size. The design concept is to add some extra coupled resonator sections in a single-circuit filter to increase the degrees of freedom in extracting coupling coefficients of a multiband filter and, therefore, the filter is capable of realizing the specifications of coupling coefficients at all passbands. To verify the presented concept, four experimental examples of filters with a dual-band Chebyshev, triple-band Chebyshev, dual-band quasi-elliptic, and triple-band quasi-elliptic response have been designed and fabricated with microstrip technology. The measured results are in good agreement with the full-wave simulation results.     

非共轴腔之间的模式匹配特性

本文从腔体的模式理论出发，给出了基横模到基横模、一阶、二阶、三阶、四阶横模的模式耦合及功率耦合系数作为光束半径失配，相前曲率失配，及非共轴失配的函数的解析表达式，并进行了分析讨论，指出了在非共轴失配存在时，奇、偶、模之间的耦合系数不为零的结论。     

Empirical Relations for Capacitive and Inductive Coupling Coefficients of Coupled Microstrip Lines

Empirical relations for inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients are proposed. The functional relationships are based on the physical mechanism of coupling in microstrip lines. Values of coupling coefficients computed from even- and odd-mode impedances and phase velocities, available in the literature, are compared with those computed from the proposed relations. Microstrip couplers have been designed on the basis of coupling coefficients to meet the desired coupling and isolation.     

空气中激光烧蚀铝靶冲量耦合系数实验(Ⅱ)

为了研究大气条件下,正焦移距离对冲量耦合系数的影响,采用能量为15.7(16%)J 的激光脉冲聚焦于铝靶前端,通过改变激光焦点距离靶面的位置,获得了冲量耦合系数与正焦移距离的对应关系。结果表明脉冲激光在与大气环境中的铝靶相互作用时,靶面通过能量转移获得的冲量耦合系数与激光焦点距离靶面的位置呈非单调性变化。焦移距离在从0~20 mm 之间变化时,获得的冲量耦合系数从4.4810-5 Ns/J 连续下降到1.6810-5Ns/J,随着焦移距离的进一步增大,冲量耦合系数在20~35 mm 间呈缓慢上升趋势,在35 mm 处升至2.2110-5 Ns/J 后转而下降,在45 mm 处降至1.9110-5Ns/J。文中采用大气中激光支持爆轰波与固体靶面相互作用的二维模型对上述物理过程进行理论计算,获得了与实验结果较为一致的结论。     

Normal-Mode Parameters of Microstrip Coupled Lines of Unequal Width (Short Paper)

Empirical relations for the capacitive and inductive coupling coefficients have been used to compute normal-mode parameters of non-identical microstrip coupled lines. The computed values of mode velocities and mode impedances are compared with available results from the literature and experimental results on nonidentical microstrip couplers to test the applicability of the empirical relations.     

Modeling of active antenna array coupling effects-load variationmethod

This paper presents a simple method for the calculation of the frequency and power variation of an active antenna operated in the presence of a reflecting surface. The situation modeled accounts for interdependent amplitude and phase dynamics and also allows for the extraction of active antenna array coupling coefficients. Analytical and experimental results are presented for both frequency and power variations of an individual element when operated in a strongly coupled imaged array environment. Here the nearest neighbor coupling is shown to be the dominant coupling mechanism     

Analysis of the coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in the designs of suspended-substrate filters

Expressions for the frequency-dependent coupling coefficients of stripline resonators in miniature designs of suspended-substrate filters are obtained. The effect of the design parameters of such filters on the coupling coefficients of their resonators is theoretically studied and frequency-selective properties of the device are analyzed. It is shown that interaction between resonators at frequencies of the filter passband is predominantly inductive in the presence of small capacitive interaction and the attenuation poles of the amplitude-frequency response (AFR) observed beyond the passband are caused by the mutual cancellation of inductive and capacitive interactions. Frequency dependences of coupling coefficients can be used to explain features of the AFRs of suspended-substrate filters. It is shown that experimental AFRs agree well with theoretical AFRs calculated in quasi-static approximation with the use of 1D models.     

Analysis of a slot-coupled T-junction betweencircular-to-rectangular waveguide

This paper presents a rigorous analysis of a slot-coupled T-junction between a primary circular cylindrical waveguide and rectangular waveguide, forming the coupled T-arm. The analysis is based on moment-method formulation using full-wave basis functions and Galerkin's technique for testing. Expression for the coupling and reflection coefficients are found, taking into account the effect of finite wall thickness of the circular waveguide in which the coupling slot is milled. A comparison between the theoretical and experimental results on coupling and return loss are presented     

Coupling Between Dissimilar Waveguides

Investigators have used coupled-mode theory to analyze the coupling between identical waveguides; in such cases the coupling coefficients are found to be identical. If the waveguides differ, the coupling coefficients are asymmetrical and difficult to evaluate by strictly theoretical methods. An alternate approach to this case is considered in the present work. A pair of coupled-mode equations is first developed from a consideration of the permissible fields within the device. This clarifies the relationship between the coupled-mode theory and the more general classical electromagnetic theory by giving a careful definition of the coupled and the normal modes of a coupled structure. It is shown that the coupled-mode equations are an exact representation of the waveguide fields, although for engineering purposes it is often convenient to use approximate values of the coefficients of these equations. The mutual coupling coefficients are obtained from a two transmission-line model of the structure, with the actual coupling mechanism represented by a mutual impedance common to the two lines. For dissimilar lines, the ratio of the coupling coefficients is found to be equat to the ratio of the characteristic impedances. For the cases considered, this is the same as the ratio of the propagation constants of the uncoupled lines, which permits the coupling coefficients to be determined from relatively simple measurements. The adequacy of the theory has been confirmed by a series of experiments.     

Coupling parameters for a side-coupled ring resonator and amicrostrip line

A ring resonator side coupled to a microstrip line shows two close but distinct resonance peaks. These are identified as due to even-mode (magnetic field) and odd-mode (electric field) coupling. Equivalent circuit models for both cases have been proposed and coupling parameters are calculated using piecewise, coupled-line approximations. The calculated coupling coefficients for the two cases are compared with the experimentally-measured coupling coefficients and show very good agreement with the models used     

光折变GaAs在直流电场下双光束耦合的增强效应(英文)

Two-beam coupling and energy transfer occur, because of the birefrin-gent nature of the photorefractive grating formed by the two interfering beams. We report the observation of the enhanced two-beam coupling in the semi-insulation Cr-doped GaAs crystals at 1.15μm polarized beam from a CW He-Ne infrared laser under DC electric fields.We have measured the gain coefficients as a function of the applied DC electric field and the grating spacing. The optimum experimental crystallographic orientation in cubic photo-optic crystals with on applied field has been discussed. These measured results are close to the predicted theoretical values.     

Theoretical of and Experimental Investigation Finline Discontinuities

The dominant and the first-five higher order modes in a unilateral finline are precisely described from a thorough spectral-domain approach. Then, using the modal analysis, coupling coefficients between eigenmodes at a discontinuity that have to be introduced into the scattering matrix formulation are directly computed in the spectral-domain, and, consequently, the equivalent circuit parameters of the discontinuity are determined. Finafly, finline discontinuities often used for impedance transformation are investigated and a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is reported.     

载流子浓度对光折变LiNbO3晶体二波耦合增益的影响

根据光折变微观机制和Ｋｕｋｈｔａｒｅｖ带导模型，分析了ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体二波耦合系数与载流子深度的关系。结果表明二波耦合系数随流子浓度的升高而增大，并逐渐趋于一稳定值。测量了不同Ｃｅ掺杂浓度Ｃｅ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体二波耦合指数增益与载流子浓度的关系，实验结果与理论分析一致。     

Ray-optical determination of the coupling coefficients of gratingwaveguide by use of the rigorous coupled-wave theory

The ray-optics approach based on the rigorous coupled wave theory, called rigorous ray-optics method (RROM), is developed for the calculation of backward coupling coefficients of grating waveguide devices. The coupling coefficients of several grating structures, such as rectangular, sinusoidal, triangular, and trapezoidal shapes, are evaluated by the RROM, and they are compared with those obtained by two conventional methods of the ray-optics method (ROM) and the coupled-mode method (CMM). In the case of rectangular gratings, the coupling coefficients are evaluated in more detail by varying grating depth and duty-cycle. We have found that the RROM gives us more exact solutions for the backward coupling coefficients of even arbitrary shapes of diffractive grating waveguides than the other two conventional methods     

Mode-coupling analysis of depolarization effects in a multimodeoptical fiber

A method of analyzing depolarization effects in a multimode fiber has been developed. A new expression for degree of polarization (DOP) in terms of fiber parameters, incident polarization condition, and mode coupling coefficients has been derived. The numerical results for DOP for various fiber lengths, coupling coefficients, and normalized angular spacings `q' have been obtained     

Characteristics of Coupled Microstrip Transmission Lines-I: Coupled-Mode Formulation of Inhomogeneous Lines

This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, coupled-mode theory is employed to determine the effects of reflection at the various ports and unequal inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients on the coupling and directivity of two coupled lines. Since couplers utilizing microstrip lines generally have unequal inductive and capacitive coupling coefficients, the results presented here should be useful in explaining the behavior of microstrip coupled lines. It is shown how the difference in the coupling coefficients leads to finite directivity and, under certain conditions, to "codirectional" instead of "contradirectional coupling." In Part II, the coupling coefficients and other parameters of various microstrip-line geometries are presented. Using these parameters in the results obtained here leads to an improved understanding of and design criteria for coupled microstrip lines.