活性纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的性能及应用

以纳米TiO2 (Nano-TiO2)、-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯（FM）等为主要原料,通过KH570改性纳米TiO2后,与丙烯基单体共聚制得了活性纳米TiO2改性含氟聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。通过红外光谱（FT-IR）、原子力显微镜（AFM）及接触角测量仪等手段研究了共聚物的结构及性能。结果表明：改性纳米TiO2、含氟单体均成功引入到聚丙烯酸酯共聚物中;乳胶粒呈球形分布,表面光滑且呈单分散状态,平均粒径为184nm;与丙烯酸酯聚合物相比,改性后涂膜的粗糙度提高,有利于防水防油性能的提升。氟硅单体的加入使涂膜的接触角大大增加,对水和二碘甲烷的接触角分别为125°及110°, 复合乳液用作表面施胶剂对纸张进行测试后,纸张对水接触角为147°,对二碘甲烷接触角为133°,纸张防水防油性随着氟单体的引入而显著增加。     

纳米SiO2协同稀土铈对铝管表面硅烷膜的耐蚀性研究

首先在铝管表面组装一层双-[3-(三乙氧基)硅丙基]四硫化物(BTESPT)硅烷薄膜,然后将其浸入含有纳米SiO2的稀土铈转化液中沉积制得SiO2改性硅烷稀土复合膜.通过点滴、失重、盐雾实验和电化学手段对改性复合膜的耐蚀性进行考察.Tafel极化曲线测试结果表明其耐蚀性与空白试样相比,自腐蚀电流密度下降了3个数量级;盐雾实验结果也表明其抗蚀能力提高了3倍;SEM显示其复合膜层均匀、致密;EDS检测分析表明该膜层主要由S,O,Si,Al和Ce等元素组成;初步探讨了复合膜的耐蚀机理.     

偶联剂对纳米二氧化硅/PDMS复合膜渗透汽化性能影响的研究

用3种硅烷偶联剂3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(AMES)、γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MEMS)、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷(HEMS)分别对纳米二氧化硅粒子进行改性,利用制备的改性粒子与PDMS制备了一系列平板复合渗透汽化分离膜,用于乙醇/水溶液分离.实验结果表明:复合膜的渗透汽化性能得到显著的提高.3种改性粒子在提高渗透通量方面:HEMS＞MEMS＞ AMES;在提高分离因子方面,MEMS与AMES对复合膜的影响十分接近,而HEMS远小于前两者.当MEMS改性二氧化硅的质量分数为4％时,在40℃质量分数为10％的乙醇/水溶液中,复合膜的分离因子达到最高值11.17,渗透通量为216.1g/(m2 ·h).     

铝管表面BTESPT硅烷稀土复合膜的制备及耐蚀性的研究

采用浸渍法制备硅烷稀土复合膜,通过先在试样表面组装一层双-[3-(三乙氧基)硅丙基]四硫化物(BTESPT)硅烷薄膜,再在膜上沉积稀土铈转化膜制得硅烷稀土复合膜.采用电化学、点滴和盐雾实验对铝管表面硅烷稀土复合膜的耐蚀性进行考察.Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)测试结果均表明:其耐蚀性与空白试样相比,自腐蚀电流和阻抗分别提高了2个数量级和3倍;盐雾实验结果也表明:其抗蚀能力提高了3倍;SEM显示:其复合膜层均匀、致密;EDS检测分析表明:复合膜主要由S,O,Si,Al和Ce等元素组成;并初步探讨了复合膜的成膜机理.     

混合硅烷协同长链酯类缓蚀剂对铝管表面耐蚀性的研究

采用浸渍法在铝管表面成功地制备了混合硅烷协同长链酯类缓蚀剂复合膜,通过点滴、析氢、碱浸失重、盐雾和电化学等实验手段检测了其耐蚀性。结果表明:与单一的混合硅烷膜相比,双-[3-(三乙氧基)硅丙基]四硫化物(DB619)和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷(DB172)协同长链酯类缓蚀剂A制备的复合膜,其耐酸、耐碱的能力均大幅提升;中性盐雾实验结果表明其耐蚀性提高了2倍;Tafel曲线表明其自腐蚀电流密度下降了一个数量级。同时对混合硅烷协同缓蚀剂复合膜的形成机理作了初步分析。     

异核双金属化合物Cp(CO)2Fe-Sn(CH2 CMe2Ph)3的合成与晶体结构

以四氢呋喃为溶剂 ,合成了含Sn、Fe的环戊烯基二羰基铁的异核双金属化合物 ,并对配合物进行了元素分析、IR光谱分析 ,使用SimensP4单晶衍射仪测定了配合物的晶体结构。结构分析表明 ,该配合物属于三斜晶系 ,空间群P - 1。晶胞参数 :a =10 0 79(2 )A° ,b =10 975 0 (10 )A°,c =17 14 5 (3)A° ;a =82 0 30 (10 )° ,β =77 770 (10 )°,γ =6 3 70 0 (10 )° ,Z =2     

氨基化石墨烯改性水性聚氨酯合成及性能研究

用3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅氧烷(APTMS)插层改性氧化石墨烯(GO)得到氨基化石墨烯(APTMS-GO),通过FT-IR、XRD、Raman、TG、TEM、XPS表征出APTMS-GO的结构和形态。将APTMS-GO与带有异氰酸根的聚氨酯预聚物以原位聚合的方式聚合,制备了0-0.55wt%含量APTMS-GO的APTMS-GO/WPU复合材料,测试了其拉伸性能、热学性能、疏水性的变化;利用FE-SEM和TEM观察了截面中纳米填充物的分散情况以及乳液的粒径。结果表明：通过原位聚合得到的复合材料的拉伸强度得到了明显改善,由原来的10.13Mpa增加到28.96Mpa,当APTMS-GO含量为0.22wt%,复合聚氨酯的初始分解温度(Td5)从245℃增大到279℃,随着APTMS-GO含量的逐步增大,复合膜的接触角由71.3°提高到91.28°,实现了分子结构中疏水性作用的改善与提高。     

SMA-纳米SiC及SMA-纳米金刚石复合膜制备及其Cu2+离子吸附性能

以纳米SiC及纳米金刚石粉体为添加剂,通过苯乙烯与顺丁烯二酸酐的聚合,成功制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐-纳米碳化硅(SMA-纳米SiC)及苯乙烯-马来酸酐-纳米金刚石(SMA-nano diamond)复合薄膜材料。通过热重分析(TG)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对吸附复合膜的结构进行表征。研究了SMA-纳米SiC及SMA-纳米金刚石复合膜的吸水性及其对二价铜(Cu²⁺)离子的吸附特性。结果表明,无机纳米颗粒的添加均提高了复合薄膜的耐热特性,提高了热分解温度。当纳米粉体含量在0.8~1.2 g之间,可以获得较为均匀的泡沫状多孔复合薄膜。浸泡6 h,纳米SiC添加量为1.0 g的复合膜吸水率低至4.81%。纳米金刚石添加量为1.0 g,复合膜吸水率低至3.52%。适量的纳米SiC及纳米金刚石可以提高复合膜的耐水性能。SMA-纳米SiC及SMA-纳米金刚石复合膜材料均对Cu²⁺离子具有一定的吸附特性,泡沫状复合膜吸附性能最佳。纳米SiC及纳米金刚石能够有效改善SMA膜对重金属离子的吸附性能。     

8-硫-1,6-二氮双环[4.3.0]壬烷-7,9-二酮的合成及单晶结构

以二硫化碳、甲醇、氢氧化钾为起始原料,经3步反应生成5-甲氧基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2(3H)-酮,再与1,4-二溴丁烷进行取代,然后脱甲基,最后发生亲核取代反应得到8-硫-1,6-二氮双环[4.3.0]壬烷-7,9-二酮。通过熔点、1HNMR、13CNMR、元素分析及X射线衍射分析等方法对产物的结构进行了表征,目标化合物属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=0.784 00(16)nm,b=1.046 4(2)nm,c=1.051 4(2)nm,α=63.84(3)°,β=79.62(3)°,γ=89.42(3)°,V=0.759 2(3)nm3,Z=4,wR(F2)=0.125,μ=0.37 mm-1。     

一维链状配合物Bi(S2COC2H5)3的合成和晶体结构

合成了O-乙基二硫代碳酸铋配合物.通过元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行了表征.测试结果表明该配合物为三斜晶系,空间群Pī,a=1.0551(3)nm,b=1.933(3)nm,c=1.4153(3)nm,α=92.077(3)°,β=90.451(4)°, γ=100.537(3)°,Z=4,V=1.7505(7)nm3,Dc=2.173g/cm3,μ(MoKα)=10.786mm-1,F(000)=1088,R1=0.0500,wR2=0.0718.在晶体中,配合物分子间通过Bi...O和Bi...S弱相互作用,形成一维链状结构.     

Preparation and properties of a simple super-hydrophobic carbon fiber composite surface

Super-hydrophobic surface is widely used in waterproof, antifouling, and anticorrosion fields because of its unique wetting characteristics. However, the rough structure of super-hydrophobic surface is easily damaged in service, which leads to the loss of various properties, making it difficult to apply super-hydrophobic surface on a large scale in actual production. In this paper, epoxy resin was used as adhesive, mixed with hydrophobic silica particles and sprayed on the surface of carbon fiber composites. After curing, the surface of super-hydrophobic carbon fiber composites with contact angle of 158 ± 2° and sliding angle of 1 ± 0.5° was formed. The surface had excellent dynamic water repellent performance, and the droplets could bounce more than three times on the surface. Furthermore, the super-hydrophobic surface had excellent wear resistance and mechanical stability. After the friction damage test, the surface structure of the sample was slightly damaged. The amount of wear was small, and the surface was still in super-hydrophobic state. Through soaked in solutions with different pH values, the microstructure of the surface was not obviously damaged by corrosion, the contact angle of water droplets was greater than 155°. The preparation method of super-hydrophobic surface of carbon fiber composite proposed in this study is simple and rapid, and the prepared surface has excellent performance, the practical application of super-hydrophobic surface is promoted.     

Corrosion behavior of super-hydrophobic surface on copper in seawater

A novel super-hydrophobic film was prepared by myristic acid (n-tetradecanoic) chemically adsorbed onto the copper wafer. The film formation and its structure were characterized by means of water contact angle measurement, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The static contact angle for water on the surface of this organic film was measured to be as high as 158°. The formation of a composite interface composed of the flower-like surface nanostructures, water droplet and air trapped in the crevices was suggested to be responsible for the superior water-repellent property. The corrosion behavior of the super-hydrophobic surface was investigated with potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to the ‘air valleys’ and ‘capillarity’ effects, the corrosion resistance of the material was improved remarkably.     

Super-hydrophobic surfaces improve corrosion resistance of copper in seawater

Pretreated by a n-tetradecanoic acid (CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COOH) etch, the super-hydrophobic film was formed on the fresh copper surface. The film structure was probed with contact angle measurement and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results suggest that the structure of the film is similar to haulm or flower and the seawater contact angle is larger than 150°. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of bare and modified samples in seawater were investigated by cyclic voltammograms(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). Experimental results show that the corrosion rate of Cu with super-hydrophobic surface decreases dramatically because of its special microstructure.     

紫铜为基材用化学复合镀法制备Ni-P-聚四氟乙烯疏水性膜

采用化学复合镀的方法,以紫铜为基材,制备复合材料Ni-P-聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)疏水性膜;控制镀液的组成和条件,可获得具有良好疏水性的复合材料Ni-P-PTFE膜,其与蒸馏水接触角为128.6°;原子力显微镜扫描图像表明,表面微粒分布均匀,表面由许多微小的结构覆盖;XPS光电子能谱分析结果表明镀层组成Ni,P,PTFE质量分数约为52.68%。     

Fabricated super-hydrophobic film with potentiostatic electrolysis method on copper for corrosion protection

A novel one-step potentiostatic electrolysis method was proposed to fabricate super-hydrophobic film on copper surface. The resulted film was characterized by contact angle tests, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and electrochemical measurements. It could be inferred that the super-hydrophobic property resulted from the flower-like structure of copper tetradecanoate film. In the presence of super-hydrophobic film, the anodic and cathodic polarization current densities are reduced for more than five and four orders of magnitude, respectively. The air trapped in the film is the essential contributor of the anticorrosion property of film for its insulation, the copper tetradecanoate film itself acts as a “frame” to trap air as well as a coating with inhibition effect. The super-hydrophobic film presents excellent inhibition effect to the copper corrosion and stability in water containing Cl⁻.     

Robust super-hydrophobic ceramic coating on alumina with water and dirt repelling properties

Artificial super-hydrophobic surfaces are required for various applications. The super-hydrophobic surfaces are usually made by applying a low surface-energy organic coating on a highly textured substrate. A major problem with the as-created surfaces is their poor durability. This problem is even severer for the surfaces created by applying the organic coating on inorganic substrates. The present study reports for the first time the all-inorganic super-hydrophobic surface created by modifying the inorganic substrates with polymer-derived inorganic coating. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film was applied to an alumina substrate having flower-like hierarchal micro-nano surface texture, and then subjected to pyrolysis at 400°C in a nonoxidizing atmosphere. As a result, a Si_xC_yO_z ceramic coating with low-surface energy methyl groups was formed on the alumina substrate. The as-modified alumina exhibited super-hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 170° and a sliding angle of 5°. The super-hydrophobicity was well retained after abrasion with sandpaper and exposure to boiling water and acidic solution. The super-hydrophobic alumina demonstrated desired water repelling and self-cleaning function. The method explored in this study could also be used for super-hydrophobic surface modification of other inorganic materials such as glass and metals.     

A novel composite coating mesh film for oil-water separation

Polytetrafluoroethylene-polyphenylene sulfide composite coating mesh film was successfully prepared by a simple layered transitional spray-plasticizing method on a stainless steel mesh. It shows super-hydrophobic and super-oleophilic properties. The contact angle of this mesh film is 156.3° for water, and close to 0° for diesel oil and kerosene. The contact angle hysteresis of water on the mesh film is 4.3°. The adhesive force between the film and substrate is grade 0, the flexibility is 1 mm and the pencil hardness is 4H. An oil-water separation test was carried out for oil-contaminated water in a six-stage superhydrophobic film separator. The oil removal rate can reach about 99%.     

化学刻蚀法制备黄铜基超疏水表面

采用含有三氯化铁和盐酸的水溶液刻蚀金属黄铜表面，在黄铜表面上得到了一层由不规则块状结构和更细小的乳突状结构相结合的具有双重粗糙度的阶层结构。该表面经氟化处理后表现出超疏水性，水在该表面上的接触角达到了157°，接触角滞后为5°。考察了不同刻蚀时间对表面疏水性的影响，结果表明，刻蚀时间对表面上这种阶层结构的形成和水滴在表面上的接触角数据都有十分重要的影响。随着刻蚀时间的增加，表面上逐渐开始形成粗糙结构，接触角数据也不断增加，增加到一定数值后，接触角变化开始不明显。接触角滞后随着接触角的增加而减小。初步分析了这种阶层结构的形成机制，并用Cassie理论对表面的润湿性进行了分析。     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic titanium surfaces by anodization and surface mechanical attrition treatment

A superhydrophobic surface of titanium was fabricated by anodization in sodium chloride solution followed by immersion in perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane. The surface characteristics of the anodic film (morphology, composition, microstructure, and adhesion) were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scratch testing. The anodic film was comprised of TiO₂ and TiCl₃ with a thickness of 50 nm. The anodized titanium surface exhibited a hierarchical structure, which consisted of a microscale horn structure with a nanoscale strip-overlay. This structure provided superhydrophobicity (water contact angle: 151.9° and sliding angle: 3°) following the immersion process. Furthermore, coverage of the hierarchical structure on the anodized titanium surface was improved by performing surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) to grain-refine titanium surface which was then anodized and it enhanced a slightly increased water contact angle. The thickness (200 nm) of the anodic film on the SMAT-pretreated titanium surface was much higher than that on the titanium surface (50 nm). This resulted from a large number of grain boundaries on the surface serving as a fast diffusion path during anodization. However, the adhesion of the SMAT-and-anodized film was worse than that formed by anodization only. This is due to a large number of pores within the SMAT-and-anodized film.     

A functional and robust super-hydrophobic PCC coating based on the induced assembly of modified zirconium phosphate

Improving the permeability of concrete is one of the important measures to extend the service life of concrete. In addition, for marine engineering, sewerage projects, and so on, mechanical stability and microbial induced corrosion of concrete structures cannot be ignored. We demonstrated a method to prepare high-performance super-hydrophobic (SHP) coating using functional zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and polydopamine (PDA) as the primary materials. The micro-nano rough structures were constructed on the concrete surface by alternating organic–inorganic assembly guided by each other. The coatings' apparent morphology, composition, and structure were analyzed using various surface analysis techniques. Based on the construction of micro-nano rough structures by the induced assembly of functional ZrP, the silane treatment significantly improved the water contact angle of the coating (WCA = 154° ± 3°), and the coating exhibited relatively high wear resistance, reaching 135° WCA even after 30 friction cycles. The water absorption of the specimens treated with the SHP composite coating was reduced by 79% to treated with silane. Meanwhile, the SHP composite coating showed excellent antimicrobial and anti-ice properties, due to the role of the functional ZrP and alternating organic–inorganic assembly. It was expected that the composite coating might potentially promote and accelerate applied superhydrophobic anticorrosive coating development for marine concrete durability.