EEG signal classification using wavelet feature extraction and a mixture of expert model

Mixture of experts (ME) is modular neural network architecture for supervised learning. A double-loop Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm has been introduced to the ME network structure for detection of epileptic seizure. The detection of epileptiform discharges in the EEG is an important component in the diagnosis of epilepsy. EEG signals were decomposed into the frequency sub-bands using discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Then these sub-band frequencies were used as an input to a ME network with two discrete outputs: normal and epileptic. In order to improve accuracy, the outputs of expert networks were combined according to a set of local weights called the “gating function”. The invariant transformations of the ME probability density functions include the permutations of the expert labels and the translations of the parameters in the gating functions. The performance of the proposed model was evaluated in terms of classification accuracies and the results confirmed that the proposed ME network structure has some potential in detecting epileptic seizures. The ME network structure achieved accuracy rates which were higher than that of the stand-alone neural network model.     

Discrete cost optimization of composite floor system using social harmony search model

This paper presents a social harmony search algorithm model for the cost optimization of composite floor system with discrete variables. The total cost function includes the costs of concrete, steel beam and shear studs. The design is based on AISC load and resistance factor design specifications and plastic design concepts. Here, six decision variables are considered for the objective function. In order to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed model in optimizing composite floor system designs, two design examples taken from the literature are studied. It is shown that use of the presented model results in significant cost saving. Hence, it can be of practical value to structural designers. Also the proposed model is compared to the original harmony search, its recently developed variants, and other meta-heuristic algorithms to illustrate the superiority of the present method in convergence and leading to better solutions. In order to investigate the effects of beam spans and loadings on the cost optimization of composite floor system a parametric study is also conducted.     

Automatic EEG seizure detection using dual-tree complex wavelet-Fourier features

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with 0.8% of the world population. The epilepsy is unpredictable and recurrent, so it is very difficult to treat. In this paper, we propose a new Electroencephalography (EEG) seizure detection method by using the dual-tree complex wavelet (DTCWT) – Fourier features. These features achieve perfect classification rates (100%) for the EEG database from the University of Bonn. These classification rates outperform a number of existing EEG seizure detection methods published in the literature. However, it should be mentioned that several recent works also achieved this perfect classification rate (100%). Our proposed method should be as good as these works since our method only performs the DTCWT transform for up to 5 scales and our method only conducts the FFT to the 4th and 5th scales of the DTCWT decomposition. In addition, we could replace the conventional FFT in our method by sparse FFT so that our method could be even faster.     

Adaptive wavelet network for multiple cardiac arrhythmias recognition

This paper proposes a method for electrocardiogram (ECG) heartbeat detection and recognition using adaptive wavelet network (AWN). The ECG beat recognition can be divided into a sequence of stages, starting with feature extraction from QRS complexes, and then according to characteristic features to identify the cardiac arrhythmias including the supraventricular ectopic beat, bundle branch ectopic beat, and ventricular ectopic beat. The method of ECG beats is a two-subnetwork architecture, Morlet wavelets are used to enhance the features from each heartbeat, and probabilistic neural network (PNN) performs the recognition tasks. The AWN method is used for application in a dynamic environment, with add-in and delete-off features using automatic target adjustment and parameter tuning. The experimental results used from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed non-invasive method. Compared with conventional multi-layer neural networks, the test results also show accurate discrimination, fast learning, good adaptability, and faster processing time for detection.     

Automatic recognition of alertness level from EEG by using neural network and wavelet coefficients

Electrophysiological recordings are considered a reliable method of assessing a person's alertness. Sleep medicine is asked to offer objective methods to measure daytime alertness, tiredness and sleepiness. As EEG signals are non-stationary, the conventional method of frequency analysis is not highly successful in recognition of alertness level. This paper deals with a novel method of analysis of EEG signals using wavelet transform, and classification using ANN. EEG signals were decomposed into the frequency sub-bands using wavelet transform and a set of statistical features was extracted from the sub-bands to represent the distribution of wavelet coefficients. Then these statistical features were used as an input to an ANN with three discrete outputs: alert, drowsy and sleep. The error back-propagation neural network is selected as a classifier to discriminate the alertness level of a subject. EEG signals were obtained from 30 healthy subjects. The group consisted of 14 females and 16 males with ages ranging from 18 to 65 years and a mean age of 33.5 years, and a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 32.4±7.3 kg/m². Alertness level and classification properties of ANN were tested using the data recorded in 12 healthy subjects, whereby the EEG recordings were not used to train the ANN. The statistics were used as a measure of potential applicability of the ANN. The accuracy of the ANN was 95±3% alert, 93±4% drowsy and 92±5% sleep.     

基于双树复小波的图像边缘检测

边缘检测在图像处理中具有非常重要的作用,它可以作为图像分割、模式识别及场景分析和图像检索的基础.经典的边缘检测算法相对比较简单,但方向适应性受到一定限制,尤其针对多方向的边缘,其检测结果明显不满足要求.在充分研究小波性能特点以及边缘检测的基础上,提出了方向选择性更强的双树复小波边缘检测算法.＃实验证明:该算法边缘定位效果好,边界相对清晰而且比较连续,同时能充分检测出图像细节部分的边缘.     

基于JPEG的图像检索综述

基于内容的检索是近年来的研究热点之一，现在已有许多基于象素域的图像检索技术，目前数据压缩也已成为多媒体应用的标准模式，静态图像压缩主要采用JPEG技术，研究基于传统JPEG和JPEG2000的图像检索方法成为必然。本文综述近年来出现的基于JPEG核心算法离散余弦变换和JPEG2000核心算法离散小波变换的图像检索技术。     

基于听觉感知和概率神经网络的语音识别模型

提出了一种基于Bark子波变换和概率神经网络（PNN）的语音识别模型。利用符合人耳听觉特性的Bark滤波器组进行信号重构并提取语音特征,然后利用训练好的概率神经网络进行识别。通过训练大量语音样本来构成语音识别库,并建立综合识别系统。实验结果表明该方法与传统的LPCC/DTW和MFCC/DWT方法相比,识别率分别提高了14.9%和10.1%,达到了96.9%的识别率。     

基于离散平稳小波变换的心电信号去噪方法

提出一种基于离散平稳小波变换的心电信号噪声去除方法,通过对心电信号进行多层离散平稳小波变换,根据噪声的不同来源及其频带分布特点,对变换后的细节信号采用不同的阈值去噪方案。该方法有效克服传统离散正交小波变换去噪时容易产生Gibbs现象的问题,从而达到保持心电波形特征且抑制噪声的双重目的。     

Electroencephalography‐based feature extraction using complex network for automated epileptic seizure detection

Electroencephalography signals are typically used for analyzing epileptic seizures. These signals are highly nonlinear and nonstationary, and some specific patterns exist for certain disease types that are hard to develop an automatic epileptic seizure detection system. This paper discussed statistical mechanics of complex networks, which inherit the characteristic properties of electroencephalography signals, for feature extraction via a horizontal visibility algorithm in order to reduce processing time and complexity. The algorithm transforms a time series signal into a complex network, which some features are abbreviated. The statistical mechanics are calculated to capture distinctions pertaining to certain diseases to form a feature vector. The feature vector is classified by multiclass classification via a k‐nearest neighbor classifier, a multilayer perceptron neural network, and a support vector machine with a 10‐fold cross‐validation criterion. In performance evaluation of proposed method with healthy, seizure‐free interval, and seizure signals, firstly, input data length is regarded among some practical signal samples by optimizing between accuracy‐processing time, and the proposed method yields outstanding performance on the average classification accuracy for 3‐class problems mainly for detection of seizure‐free interval and seizure signals and acceptable results for 2‐class and 5‐class problems comparing with conventional methods. The proposed method is another tool that can be used for classifying signal patterns, as an alternative to time/frequency analyses.     

混合和声搜索算法求解基于学习效应的PFSP问题

置换流水线调度问题（Permutation Flow-shop Scheduling Problem,PFSP）作为流水线调度问题的子问题,实质是一个著名的组合优化问题,其已被证明了是NP完全问题中最困难的问题之一。带学习效应的PFSP问题是一种更符合实际问题的模型,为了更好地解决此问题,在此提出了一种混合遗传算法和粒子群算法的改进和声搜索算法。对CAR1问题及其学习型调度进行了仿真实验,结果表明所提算法的可行性和有效性。     

一种基于小波变换的图象分形编码压缩算法的研究

有效的编码压缩算法是图象数据存储和传输的关键 .为了更方便地进行图象存储和传输 ,在分析基本分形编码 (FCC)压缩算法优缺点的基础上 ,提出了一种新的结合小波变换的图象分形编码 (DWT- FCC)压缩算法 ,该算法首先对图象进行二级小波变换分解 ,然后对分解后的高层子图象进行基本分形编码 ,并根据不同层子图象结构间的相似性 ,通过高层分形编码来构造低层子图象分形编码 ,以实现图象的编码压缩 .实验结果表明 ,该算法在缩短图象编码时间和提高压缩比方面 ,均取得了良好的效果 .     

基于改进型离散小波变换的语音激活检测

在语音信号处理系统中,语音激活检测是一个非常重要的方面.为了提高在噪声环境下语音激活检测的性能,提出了一种基于改进型离散小波变换的语音激活检测(VAD)的方法.算法将语音信号进行离散小波变换,然后通过Teager能量算子(TEO),提取能量比值和能量差值两个参数,最后进行门限判决.在MATLAB平台上,对语音信号进行激活检测仿真,实验结果表明在噪声环境中,提出的算法能够有效克服低信噪比环境的影响,并且优于倒谱距离和谱熵检测算法.     

Authentication of WSN for Secured Medical Data Transmission Using Diffie Hellman Algorithm

The applications of wireless sensor network (WSN) exhibits a significant rise in recent days since it is enveloped with various advantageous benefits. In the medical field, the emergence of WSN has created marvelous changes in monitoring the health conditions of the patients and so it is attracted by doctors and physicians. WSN assists in providing health care services without any delay and so it plays predominant role in saving the life of human. The data of different persons, time, places and networks have been linked with certain devices, which are collectively known as Internet of Things (IOT); it is regarded as the essential requirement of people in recent days. In the health care monitoring system, IOT plays a magnificent role, which has produced the real time monitoring of patient’s condition. However the medical data transmission is accomplished quickly with high security by the routing and key management. When the data from the digital record system (cloud) is accessed by the patients or doctors, the medical data is transferred quickly through WSN by performing routing. The Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is utilized, which authenticates the shortest path to reach the destination and its performance is identified by comparing it with the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol and Energy aware and Stable Routing (ESR) protocol. While performing routing, the secured transmission is achieved by key management, for which the Diffie Hellman key exchange is utilized, which performs encryption and decryption to secure the medical data. This enables the quick and secured transmission of data from source to destination with improved throughput and delivery ratio.     

改进的HS算法优化BP神经网络的入侵检测研究

基于传统BP神经网络的入侵检测中，BP神经网络算法模型存在着易陷入局部最优且初始值随机性较大的缺陷。初始值的选择直接影响到BP神经网络的训练效果，较好的初始值有利于BP神经网络跳过局部最优，从而提高训练效率。针对BP神经网络的缺陷，提出了用改进的和声搜索算法对BP神经网络的初始值进行优化，使得BP神经网络得到一组较优的初值的方法。实验结果显示，改进的和声搜索算法具有更高的适应度函数值，将该算法优化的BP神经网络用在入侵检测中，能够显著提高算法检测率和收敛速率。     

基于圆形信赖域的改进和声搜索算法

针对标准和声搜索(HS)算法易陷入局部最优、收敛精度不高的不足,提出了一种基于圆形信赖域(CTR)的新型和声搜索算法--CTRHS。该算法运用逐双音调一次性产生方式,在记忆思考环节交互式地采取面向圆形信赖域的集约化思考操作,在双音调微调环节利用当前和声记忆库中的最好或最差和声来确定微调带宽,并且以新生成和声直接替换当前和声记忆库中最差和声来实现和声记忆库的更新。通过在9种标准测试函数上对CTRHS算法进行实验验证和算法性能对比,结果表明CTRHS算法在解质量、收敛性能上优于文献中已报道的7种HS改进算法,且当和声记忆库规模(HMS)、和声记忆库思考率(HMCR)分别取5和0.99时,它能表现出更佳的全局优化性能。     

一种基于MCB的自适应和声搜索定位算法

针对无线传感器网络锚节点稀疏条件下节点定位中存在的翻转现象和定位精度问题,提出了一种基于MCB的自适应和声搜索定位算法。通过引入MCB算法中的采样思想,随机产生网络拓扑约束下的未知节点的坐标,引入自适应的和声保留概率和音调调节概率,达到提高搜索能力和定位精度目的。仿真结果表明：算法能有效解决翻转现象,提高定位精度,提出的算法在定位精度和计算量方面优于对比算法。     

多样性保持的和声搜索算法及其TSP求解

为了改善和声记忆库群体多样性, 提高算法的全局寻优能力, 在度量群体多样性指标的基础上, 从参数动态调整方法、和声记忆库更新策略两个方面对基本和声搜索算法进行了改进, 提出了多样性保持的和声搜索算法, 并将该算法应用于TSP的求解。结合TSP问题特点, 设计了基于交换和插入算子的和声微调方法。实例优化结果表明, 改进后的算法不容易陷入局部最优, 优化性能显著提高。     

基于和声搜索的低延迟和低能耗无线传感器网络

应用和声搜索算法解决无线传感器网络中低延迟和低能耗两方面性能指标的双目标优化问题.首先分析网络中延迟和能耗模型,建立目标函数.其次在找寻最优路径时,采用基于优先级的路径编码方案,迭代更新和声记忆库.最后在Matlab仿真环境下对100个节点的网络进行仿真实验.结果表明:在无线传感器网络传输路径建立中,能耗与延迟因素相互制约,而根据用户对延迟与能耗需求不同,可以控制传感器网络数据传输路径的选择.     

Biogeography based hybrid scheme for automatic detection of epileptic seizures from EEG signatures

Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm is one of the nature-inspired optimization methods, based on the study of geographical distribution of species on earth. The present research work is based upon decomposition of human electroencephalograms (EEG) signal by Wavelet Packet Transform, computation of a complete feature set using statistical and non-statistical properties followed by optimal selection of features by BBO; the optimality criterion being classification rate. The stopping criterion for BBO is set to 100% correct classification rate. The proposed algorithm is novel in terms of TWSVM computing the Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values for BBO, perfect classification rate, low computation time, and feature selection mechanism. The proposed scheme outperforms several previous results reported in literature in that it gives a feature subset which gives 100% classification accuracy for different classification instances.