新型铝硅钛压铸合金的应用研究

研究了钛、稀土、铁等元素对压铸铝硅钛多元合金性能的影响,确定了钛、稀土和铁在该合金中的最佳含量。研究表明：铝硅钛多元合金用作压铸铝合金,具有成本低、性能优良、成分均匀、使用方便等优点。     

电解法生产铝基合金

铝基合金的传统生产方法主要是用纯金属融配 ,一般事先都配制铝基中间合金 ,再配制使用合金。在铝电解槽中添加相应合金元素的化合物 ,直接电解可以获得多种铝基合金 ,如铝稀土、铝硅、铝钛等。电解法生产铝基合金流程短 ,成本和综合能耗较低 ,合金性能比融配法优越 ,已经引起了广泛重视。1　电解法生产铝硅钛多元合金的基本流程在铝合金中加入少量的钛能明显改善合金性能。利用我国铝土矿中的铝、硅、钛 ,只除去铁等有害杂质 ,根据所需合金牌号和所用矿石的不同 ,用工业氧化铝对成分进行调配 ,获得一种含硅和钛的氧化铝 (称作硅钛氧化铝 ) …     

新型铝硅钛多元合金管材的研究

利用河南铝矿石直接电解的Ａｌ－Ｓｉ－Ｔｉ多元合金,系统研究了添加少量合金元素后的变形铝硅钛多元合金的显微组织、挤压性能和力学性能。结果表明,变形铝硅钛多元合金显微组织细小均匀,偏析小,Ｔｉ元素分布均匀;有较好的挤压性能和力学性能。特别是热处理后可成为综合性能很好的新型应用管材,可广泛用于交通、石油、化工等行业。     

加钛方式与钛含量对A356合金组织和性能的影响

研究了不同钛含量的电解A356合金的组织和力学性能,并与相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金进行了比较.结果表明:随着钛含量的增加,二者的晶粒和一次枝晶都明显细化,硅颗粒尺寸、纵横比均有所降低,硅颗粒圆形度有所增加,意味着硅颗粒形状得到改善.但当钛含量大于0.1%时,这种影响变弱.钛含量和加钛方式对合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度影响不大且二者相当,但塑性随着钛含量的增加而增加,当钛含量达到0.1%时,两种合金均具有最佳的塑性和质量系数.对具有相同钛含量的合金,电解加钛A356合金的晶粒和Si颗粒的尺寸小于相应钛含量熔配加钛A356合金,硅颗粒圆形度也优于相应熔配加钛A356合金,电解A356合金的塑性、质量系数均优于相应钛含量的熔配加钛A356合金,但加钛方式对硅颗粒纵横比影响不系统.     

钛对高硅铸铁组织和性能的影响

采用金相显微镜,扫描电镜和多种试验方法研究了含Ti高硅铸铁的微观组织结构和性能。结果表明,在高硅铸铁中添加适量的Ti,高硅铸铁合金中生成D型石墨;随着Ti含量的增加D型石墨不断细化,分布均匀化,从而细化基体晶粒,提高高硅铸铁合金的综合力学性能;D型石墨降低了腐蚀溶液浸入高硅铸铁内部的通道,提高合金的耐蚀性,通电情况下钛还可以提高高硅铸铁合金的整体钝化性能从而提高合金在强氧化性酸中的耐蚀性。     

新型铝硅钛多元合金在摩托车发动机上的应用

研究了用直接电解铝硅钛多元合金铝锭熔配的合金的性能。结果表明,与现用同成分熔配合金相比,它具有良好的铸造性能、力学性能和耐腐蚀性能。用其制造摩托车发动机零件,取得了良好效果     

高导电性铝硅合金及其生产工艺

对影响铝硅合金导电性的工艺因素进行了研究。降低合金的钛、镁含量或变质处理均能够提高合金的导电性;晶粒细化处理降低合金的导电性;固溶处理显著降低合金的导电性;时效处理对导电性的影响不大。采用专门的热处理工艺,可使铝硅合金的电导率达到４１％ＩＡＣＳ以上,满足了输变电开关设备对铝合金性能的特殊要求     

电解加钛铝合金的晶粒细化及其制备铝-硅合金的组织和性能

研究了电解加钛的晶粒细化作用,与AlTi和AlTiB细化剂对纯铝的晶粒细化效果进行了比较;对用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金和由纯铝制备并用AlTi或AlTiB细化处理的A356合金的组织与性能进行了对比研究;进行了利用工业铝电解槽生产的电解低钛铝合金熔体直接生产A356合金的工业试验。结果表明：电解加钛具有显著的晶粒细化作用,其细化能力与AlTiB的相当,明显优于AlTi中间合金的。在试验室条件下,用电解低钛铝合金制备的A356合金与纯铝制备并用中间合金细化处理的A356合金的拉伸性能相当;将电解低钛铝合金熔体直接用于铝．硅合金的生产是可行的,并具有节约能源,细化处理工艺简单,产品质量良好的特点。     

电解低钛汽车轮毂材料的研究

本文应用原位钛合金化、细晶化的电解低钛铝基合金为母材生产汽车轮毂材料——A356合金，对其微观组织及性能进行了研究。研究发现：电解低钛A356合金较传统的熔配加钛A356合金组织细化，一次枝晶细小，二次枝晶臂间距短；经过T5短时处理，硅相球化良好，颗粒细小，强化元素Si、Mg在基体中均匀、弥散析出。电解低钛A356合金具有高强度和高韧性的良好力学性能匹配，σь≥300MPa和δ≥8％的性能比传统熔配加钛的A356合金强度和塑性均可提高20％以上。     

硅、铝和铬对钛高温氧化行为影响的比较

为了研究硅、铝和铬添加剂对钛抗氧化性能的影响,选用并精细加工出Ti-Si(0.25,0.5和1wt%)、Ti-Al(1.65,3,5,10wt%)和Ti-Cr(1,4,11,19wt%)这些特定的二元钛合金。这些合金的抗氧化性能研究是在500～750℃的空气(大气压力)和纯氧(100乇)气氛中进行的,时间从几百到几千小时。通过连续的热解重量测定或间断的样品称重来研究合金的氧化动力学。研究发现,这三种合金元素对钛的氧化行为的影响有很大差别:硅和铝降低氧化速率;铬对氧化速率的影响比较复杂,它取决于添加量,当铬含量约为4wt%时,有强烈的不利影响。除从热解重量测定发现有差别外,形态观察也表明,这些元素显著影响氧化层的结构及附着力。为了说明这些元素的作用,本研究对添加硅、铝和铬改善钛氧化层的机械和物理化学性能的可能性进行了考察、比较和讨论。     

Structure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti–Si alloys

In the present work, the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Ti–Si alloys with a Si content ranging from 1 to 12.5 wt% prepared using a dental cast machine were investigated and compared with commercially pure titanium (c.p. Ti). X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase analysis was conducted using a diffractometer. Three-point bending tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of all specimens and their microstructure and fractured surfaces were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results indicated that the diffraction peaks of the Ti–Si alloys matched those of α-Ti and Ti₅Si₃. All the Ti–Si alloys had higher bending strengths and bending moduli than those of c.p. Ti. For example, the bending strength of Ti–5Si was about 2.6 times that of c.p. Ti, and both Ti–10Si and Ti–12.5Si had the highest bending moduli, which were about 1.8 times higher than that of c.p. Ti. Additionally, Ti–1Si exhibited ductile properties and Ti–3Si and Ti–5Si had a combination of brittleness and ductility. When the Si content was 7.5 wt% or greater, the alloys showed brittle properties. Judging from the results of the mechanical properties and deformation behavior, Ti–1Si, Ti–3Si, and Ti–5Si can be considered highly feasible alloys for prosthetic dental applications if other properties necessary for dental casting are obtained.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser melting deposited Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves alloys

Two Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi Laves phase alloys with chemical compositions ofNi-39Ti-11Si and Ni-42Ti-8Si （%, mole fraction, the same below）, respectively, were fabricated by the laser melting deposition manufacturing process, aiming at studying the effect of Ti, Si contents on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys. The Ni-39Ti-llSi alloy consisting of Ti2Ni3Si primary dendrites and Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic matrix is a conventional hypereutectic Laves phase alloy while the Ni-42Ti-8Si alloy being made up of NiTi primary dendrites uniformly distributed in Ti2Ni3Si/NiTi eutectic is a new hypoeutectic alloy. Mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated by nano-indentation test. The results show that the decrease of Si and the increase of Ti contents change the microstructures of the alloys from hypereutectic to hypoeutectic, which influences the mechanical properties of the alloys remarkably. Corrosion behaviors of the alloys were also evaluated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization curves.     

Ti对SPS烧结Nb/Nb5Si3复合材料组织和性能的影响

以Nb、Si和Ti粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术对Nb-20Si、Nb-20Si-5Ti、Nb-20Si-15Ti和Nb-20Si-24Ti材料进行原位合成。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针微区分析(EPMA)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段对材料的组织结构进行分析,探讨Ti对复合材料组织和性能的影响规律。结果表明,Ti元素的加入使得复合材料中Nb5Si3相转变成(Nb,Ti)5Si3,随着Ti加入量的增加,组织中出现了单质的Ti相,当Ti含量达到24%时,组织中还会出现Nb3Si相;同时Ti的加入会降低复合材料的硬度,提高其高温抗氧化性能。     

钛硅共晶系合金的微观组织与断裂特征

钛硅共晶系合金的组织形态与传统铸造钛合金组织完全不同，随着Si含量的增多合金塑性变差；断口形貌显示，合金的断裂为明显的脆性断裂，但不同类型的合金断裂机制又不尽相同。试验测试了亚共晶Ti-7%Si合金的共晶Ti-8.5%Si合金的室温和高温拉伸性能。     

钛的电阻钎焊技术研究

研究了Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ和Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ金属间化合物合金的热轧组织与性能,结果发现：随着变形量的增加,两种合金第二相Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３变得细小且趋向于均匀分布。变形量越大,合金的室温四点弯曲程度越大,含Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３较多的Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ合金的弯曲强度较高。两种合金的室温弯曲断口形貌均为准解理形式,两相界面结合较强。高温拉伸试验表明：随变形量的增大,Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ合金的拉伸强度和塑性都增加。Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－５Ｓｉ合金由于变形量较大和较高的强化相体积含量,拉伸强度明显较Ｔｉ－２４Ａｌ－１１Ｎｂ－２Ｓｉ合金的为高,但塑性却大为降低     

Invar合金与Si_3N_4陶瓷钎焊接头界面组织和性能研究

采用Ag Cu Ti活性钎料对Invar合金和Si3N4陶瓷进行钎焊连接,研究了接头界面组织及其形成机制,分析了钎焊工艺参数对接头界面结构和性能的影响。结果表明,钎焊过程中液态钎料中的活性元素Ti与Si3N4陶瓷发生反应,在陶瓷界面形成致密的Ti N和Ti5Si3反应层;同时,Invar合金向液态钎料中溶解,与活性元素Ti反应生成脆性的Fe2Ti和Ni3Ti化合物。钎焊温度和保温时间影响Si3N4陶瓷界面反应层的厚度以及接头中Fe2Ti和Ni3Ti脆性化合物的形成量和分布,这两方面共同决定着接头的抗剪强度。当钎焊温度为870℃,保温15 min时,接头的平均抗剪强度最大值达到92.8 MPa,此时接头的断裂形式呈现沿Si3N4陶瓷基体和界面反应层的复合断裂模式。     

不同结合剂原料放电等离子烧结制备TiC/Ti3SiC2复合结合剂金刚石复合材料

分别以Ti/Si/2TiC混合粉体和Ti₃SiC₂单相粉体作为结合剂原料,采用放电等离子体烧结技术合成了TiC/Ti₃SiC₂结合剂金刚石复合材料,探讨不同的结合剂原料和保温时间对TiC/Ti₃SiC₂结合剂金刚石复合材料的物相构成、微观形貌以及磨削性能的影响。结果表明:采用Ti/Si/2TiC为结合剂原料,保温1 min时,会形成较多量的Ti₃SiC₂,Ti₃SiC₂基体与金刚石结合良好,二者之间没有孔隙;当保温5 min时,Ti₃SiC₂发生分解,基体主相转变为TiC,同时有一定量的Si,金刚石表面被侵蚀,形成凹凸不平的表面。采用Ti₃SiC₂为结合剂原料时,Ti₃SiC₂基体发生严重的分解,生成TiC和Si;金刚石与基体间存在一个过渡层,厚度约15 μm。Ti/Si/2TiC为结合剂原料保温1 min时试样的磨耗比值最大,为1 128。单相Ti₃SiC₂为结合剂的2个试样的磨耗比值约为100左右。      

Effect of si addition on mechanical alloying behavior and creep properties of Al-10Ti-xSi alloys

Al-10Ti-xSi alloys (x=0∼6wt.%) have been mechanically alloyed under Ar atmosphere using an attritor and the alloying process has been investigated. From Al-10Ti composite powders, supersaturated Al(Ti) powders were obtained after mechanical alloying. In the ternary mixture, fine Si particles were observed to be distributed in the Al(Ti) matrix due to both the negligible solid solubility of Si in the Al matrix and the weaker chemical interaction of Si with Al, as compared with Ti. The sealed compacts were hot extruded to full density at 450°C with an extrusion ratio of 12:1. The microstructures and creep properties of the hot extruded alloys were examined. During consolidation, Si particles were dissolved in Al₃Ti up to 4 wt.% Si to form the (Al(Si))₃Ti phase, and the Ti₇Al₅Si₁₂ phase was formed beyond the solubility limit of Si in Al₃Ti. The transition from the Coble creep mechanism at low stresses and temperatures to dislocation one at high stresses and temperatures was observed. The stress and temperature of the transition from diffusional to dislocation creep became higher as Si concentration increased. This was due to an enhancement of Al₃Ti particle strength with increasing Si content as a result of Si incorporation. Thus, the addition of Si enhances the creep resistance of the MA Al-10Ti alloy.     

生物医用Ti-55Ta-xSi合金的微观组织、力学性能及形状记忆特性

研究Si元素的添加对Ti-55Ta合金的微观组织、力学性能及形状记忆特性的影响。结果表明：合金的微观组织主要由α＇＇马氏体相和少量β相组成;当添加Si时,合金晶粒明显细化,且当x=0.2时,合金中开始析出沉淀相,这些沉淀相主要集中在晶界处,可以阻碍晶粒长大,从而进一步细化合金晶粒。背散射电子衍射分析表明,该沉淀相为（Ti,Ta）3Si相。Ti-55Ta-xSi合金的拉伸应力—应变曲线呈现明显的双屈服现象,且随着Si含量的增加,合金的拉伸和屈服强度升高,伸长率反而减小。Si的添加可以明显改善Ti-55Ta合金的形状记忆效应,且在x=0.1时,合金呈现出最大的形状记忆效应及最低的弹性模量。     

Finite element analysis of thermal stress in magnetron sputtered Ti coating

The thermal, shear and radial stresses generated in the Ti coating deposited on glass and Si substrates were investigated by finite element analysis (ANSYS). The four-node structural and quadratic element PLANE 42 with axisymmetric option were used to model the Ti coating on glass and Si substrates. The influence of deposition temperature, substrate and coating properties on the generation of thermal stress in Ti is analyzed. It is found that the thermal stress of Ti coating exhibits a linear relationship with deposition temperature and Young's modulus of the coating, but it exhibit an inverse relationship with the coating thickness. The results of simulated thermal stress are in accordance with the analytical method. The radial stress and shear stress distribution of the coating–substrate combination are calculated. It is observed that high tensile shear stress of Ti coating on glass substrate reduces its adhesive strength but high-compressive shear stress of Ti on Si substrate improves its adhesive strength.