茶叶辐照的热释光分析研究

不采用二次辐照,将TL 分析法应用于辐照茶叶的定性鉴定。分离并收集茶叶中黏附的硅酸盐,采用热释光剂量仪测量获得硅酸盐的热释光发光曲线,比较未辐照与辐照不同剂量茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度、峰值和峰值温度等特征参数。未辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度小于50、峰值小于0.4、峰值温度大于260℃;反之,辐照茶叶的热释光发光曲线的积分强度大于50000、峰值大于600、峰值温度位于160～190℃。TL 分析法能判别出茶叶的辐照与否,尤其对不能满足参比剂量辐照条件的样品很有帮助。     

辐照食品的热释光分析鉴定方法研究

本文研究了用热释光分析仪鉴定食品辐照与否的具体方法和鉴定标准。在分离样品中的矿物质后,测量其热释光发光曲线的发光峰面积积分值G1,矿物质经1kGy的剂量照射后,再测量其热释光发光曲线的发光峰面积积分值G2;以G1/G2之值作为样品是否经过辐照的判断依据。通过对国家允许辐照的6大类食品中85个样品的检测分析得出:当G1/G2≥0.10时,可判定样品是辐照过的;当G1/G2<0.10时,判定样品是未辐照过的。     

热释光法在辐照食品检测中出现假阳性问题的探讨

目的探讨热释光法在辐照食品检测中出现假阳性的问题。方法按照标准EN1788-2001《食品与硅酸盐矿物隔绝的食品的辐射检验热致发光法》,采用热释光法对深海鱼加工产品进行辐照食品检测。结果与花椒粉等典型辐照样品不同,深海鱼加工产品虽然检测结果为阳性,但其谱图与典型辐照样品谱图存在一定差异。主要表现为一次发光曲线中,典型辐照样品谱图的发光峰下降舒缓,峰型符合正态分布;而深海鱼加工产品的发光峰下降陡峭,并不符合正态分布。据此,怀疑热释光法对深海鱼加工产品的检测分析结果实为假阳性。结论建议在对深海鱼产品进行辐照检测时,谨慎选用热释光法或采用其他检测方法如气相色谱分析碳氢化合物法进行复验。     

电子束辐照对三种香辛料的杀菌效果及香气成分的影响

研究了电子束辐照对八角、桂皮、花椒三种香辛料的杀菌效果及对其色泽、香气成分的影响,实验结果表明:0~15 k Gy剂量的电子束辐照对三种香辛料均有良好的杀菌效果,能延长香辛料的保鲜期,且不影响香辛料的色泽及口感,综合顶空固相微萃取及气质联用技术测定其香气成分实验结果,确定八角、桂皮、花椒辐照杀菌的适宜剂量分别为6、6、9 k Gy。      

辐照对峰甘板栗货架品质的影响

研究~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对真空包装峰甘板栗货架期指标的影响及其机制,初步确定延长货架期的最佳辐照剂量。通过~(60)Co-γ射线以0、0.5、1.0、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0 kGy剂量辐照峰甘板栗,分别在贮存0、10、15、20、30 d时检测样品的微生物指标(菌落总数、霉菌及酵母数、大肠菌数、沙门氏菌数)、感官指标和理化指标。结果表明:辐照处理对峰甘板栗能够起到很好的杀菌作用;结合峰甘板栗感官品质评定及生理生化数据分析,辐照剂量为4.0 kGy时,可改善峰甘板栗感官质量并保持理化营养指标。初步认为,在4℃条件下,辐照剂量为4.0 kGy时,在微生物安全限量方面,使货架期延长至少20 d。     

基于超微弱发光技术检测辐照食品的研究

基于超微弱发光检测技术,研究即食食品(麦片,藕粉)经0～12kGy剂量辐照后光子信号的变化,并探讨超微弱发光用于鉴定即食辐照食品的判定方法。试验结果表明:两种即食食品辐照前后的超微弱光子计数有明显的区别,光子计数与辐照剂量呈正相关,检测阈值可低至0.3kGy。当添加检测液后的最大光子数为本底的15倍以上时,可判定为该样品经过辐照处理。     

差示扫描量热法测定谷氨酸纯度

目的:研究差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定谷氨酸纯度的可行性。方法:以铟和锌校正仪器,考察样品粒径、试验气氛、升温速率和样品质量等因素对DSC测定结果的影响,并在最佳条件下测定谷氨酸纯度;比较DSC法和中国药典2015版滴定法的测定结果。结果:当称样量为3 mg,升温速率为40℃/min时,DSC测得谷氨酸纯度为99.74%,精密度为0.07%。滴定法测得谷氨酸纯度为99.72%。结论:DSC法准确度高、操作简便,可用于谷氨酸的纯度测定。     

GC-MS法测定山茶油中脂肪酸组成

建立了54种脂肪酸的GC-MS定性定量分析方法。样品经KOH-甲醇甲酯化后,以TR-FAME(100 m×0.25 mm×0.2μm)为色谱柱,升温程序为80℃保持2 min,以30℃/min速率升温至140℃,保持1 min;以2℃/min速率升温至240℃,保持5 min,总计运行55 min。在EI电离方式、质量扫描范围m/z为40～450的条件下,山茶油中向11种脂肪酸得到有效的分离和准确的检测。     

LAL/GNB法筛选辐照鸡肉的应用研究

目的：探讨内毒素检测(LAL)与革兰氏阴性菌计数(GNB)相结合的方法可否应用于辐照鸡肉的筛选。方法：市售鸡肉丁以50g 每份分装后,以γ射线进行辐照处理,剂量分别为0、2、6kGy,每个剂量各12 份,通过革兰氏阴性菌的培养计数估计样品中存在的活的革兰氏阴性菌的量,通过内毒素浓度定量估计活的和死亡的革兰氏阴性菌总量,比较两者差异来判定是否经过辐照处理。结果：辐照剂量为6kGy 时,12 个样品被检测出经过辐照处理。辐照剂量为2kGy 时,8 个样品被检测出经过辐照处理,4 个样品检测出未经过辐照处理。辐照剂量为0kGy 时,12 个样品均被检测出未经过辐照处理。结论：LAL/GNB 法可以应用于辐照鸡肉的筛选。     

辐照水产品的热释光检测方法研究

研究热释光分析方法应用于辐照水产品检测的可行性。首先分离出水产品中的硅酸盐类矿物质,然后在加热条件下测量这类矿物质中由辐照而积蓄的并以光子释放的能量,从而判断食品是否经过辐照。试验以牡蛎、虾皮、贻贝和腌制泥螺为例进行了研究。结果表明,应用热释光分析方法检测辐照水产品具有较高的可靠性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the