论中国可再生能源发展的主要问题以及新机制的建立

中国可再生能源发展面临多种问题，推动可再生能源立法是解决这些问题的基础；其次，还应在立法的基础上进行可再生能源发展机制的创新。由于中国发展可再生能源要实现多种目标，因此不能依靠单一手段解决所有的问题。中国可再生能源发展的新机制应该是多种机制共同起作用的系统。     

英国可再生能源义务政策最新进展及对我国的启示

从90年代的非化石燃料义务政策到2002年以来的可再生能源义务政策,英国一直致力于通过市场配额机制推动可再生能源发展。但由于政策机制设计复杂,不确定性较大,以及罚金返还导致的市场投机等问题,无法拉动足够投资保障可再生能源快速发展。2011年,结合碳减排目标,英国政府计划推出一揽子电力市场改革方案(EMR),其重点之一是可再生能源义务逐步向差价合约固定电价政策转移。本文通过综述英国可再生能源义务政策演变历程,解析评价可再生能源证书市场运行机制和实施效果,并介绍英国电力市场改革方向,以及对我国的启示。     

我国未来可再生能源开发利用的战略思考

本文综合分析了我国可再生能源发展的资源潜力、技术水平、当前存在的主要障碍。我国可再生能源资源潜力大,在未来的能源供应中可以形成举足轻重的地位;我国的可再生能源技术发展有了一定的水平,产业初具规模,具备大规模发展的基础,处于商业化发展的前期阶段。在障碍分析和国际经验分析的基础上,本文指出可再生能源立法是促进可再生能源发展的有效手段之一,并提出了我国可再生能源立法的目标和方向。     

可再生能源配额制(RPS)在中国应用探讨

我国政府近些年来一直积极探索以强制性手段保障可再生能源发展的有效机制。2003年可再生能源立法开始列入议程,这是我国可再生能源发展史上的一项重要举措。为可再生能源电力入网提供强制性保障机制是此次立法工作中初步设想的一项内容,引入可再生能源配额制(RPS)成为可供考虑的选择方案之一。如果引入,对该政策进行细致周密的设计和保证有效实施是至关重要的。文章重点探讨了RPS政策设计和管理中应注意的几个主要问题,包括确立适用范围和责任主体、制定可再生能源目标、确定有效的可再生能源种类、建立绿色证书制度、制定处罚措施等。期望本文能为我国建立可再生能源法律和政策体系提供相关信息。     

中国可再生能源现状 障碍与对策——实施障碍分析与政策建议

1实施障碍 可再生能源的发展面临许多障碍.总的来说,技术不成熟、成本高是关键制约因素.可再生能源技术竞争力低,是多种因素共同影响的结果,政策和运行机制的影响尤其显著.     

我国可再生能源发展形势及“十二五”展望

中国能源发展所面临的国际环境和国内经济社会环境发生了深刻的变化。解决中国未来能源问题的战略和政策措施也需要适应新的情况,在实践中不断调整和完善。一我国已建立的促进可再生能源发展的政策框架1主要的相关政策(1)2003年6月全国人大将可再生能源立法纳入立法议程。     

从我国社会经济发展所面临的能源问题看可再生能源发展的地位和作用

伴随经济的高速增长,我国社会经济发展将面临更为严重的能源问题。解决能源问题的途径是多方面的,其中,开发利用可再生能源资源,提高可再生能源在能源结构中的比例将是一个重要的选择。我国有丰富的可再生能源,具有巨大的发展潜力,经过多年的发展,个别产业已经形成了一定规模,但还远远不能满足能源发展战略的要求。发展可再生能源,利在社会,意在长远。在目前没有完全反映“资源、环保、持续”的能源价格体系下,可再生能源很难与常规能源在市场上竞争,必须通过特殊的政策手段和一系列行之有效的发展机制,促进其发展。     

浅谈可再生能源转化为氨氢能源体系的耦合性

在国家“双碳”目标下,正引发新一轮的能源革命,大力发展清洁能源、优化能源结构是实现“碳中和”的普遍做法。可再生能源因固有的随机性等特性,导致“弃风、弃光、弃水”较多。氢储能需要结合可行性的媒介,可大规模存储可再生能源,建立可再生能源转化为氨氢能源体系,不但有利于解决传统合成氨工业高能耗、高排放的问题,还为可再生能源的存储和消纳提供新途径,同时解决氢能产业“氢荒”的困境。目前国际上认为,氨为氢载体的氨氢能源体系用于解决储能问题,是一种具有发展前景的未来能源系统,可以与可再生能源体系耦合。     

我国可再生能源产业数字化转型研究

可再生能源产业的发展，是实现碳达峰碳中和目标的重要手段。如何借助国家“新基建”政策的东风，推动可再生能源产业的数字化转型、打造数字化的可再生能源产业是我国建立新型电力系统的重点之一。目前，制约我国可再生能源产业数字化转型的因素，主要包括可再生能源产业数字化转型的信息化体系不健全、市场参与度低、区域能源安全风险大等。未来，我国需加大信息机制建设与信息技术开发力度，加强市场引导。在保障能源安全的前提下，推动可再生能源产业的数字化转型，成为服务“中国式现代化”发展的重要支柱。     

澳大利亚可再生能源配额制及对我国的启示

澳大利亚是世界上最早持续在全国范围内实施可再生能源配额制的国家。本文阐述了澳大利亚可再生能源配额制的发展历程和最新动态,解析评价了其运行机制和实施效果。并从促进可再生能源产业可持续发展和解决当前基本瓶颈的视角,提出了对我国建立可再生能源配额制的启示。     

A regulatory policy to promote renewable energy consumption in China: Review and future evolutionary path

Renewable energy has become the world's strategic choice to solve environmental pollution, address the energy crisis and achieve social sustainable development. The establishment of a regulatory system coincides with the development stage of renewable energy and electricity market operation is significant in standardizing the market competition and guaranteeing healthy development of renewable energy in China. This paper analyses the current situation of renewable energy development and the existing renewable energy regulation system in China, pointing out that the main problems restricting renewable energy development are institutional mechanisms and market factors. The existing regulatory mechanisms also have deficiencies, such as the inclination towards economic regulation and the lack of a market adjustment mechanism. This paper proposes that China should comprehensively consider the renewable energy development stage, electricity market trading mechanisms and other factors in electricity regulatory requirements when policy making, actively exploring a new renewable energy regulation model adapted to different development phases. In addition, this paper suggests China's regulatory policy path based on the forecasting of renewable energy developing models.     

China's energy development strategy under the low-carbon economy

The long-term goal of 50% mitigation of the green house gas till 2050 was determined by the participants of G8 summit in July 2008. As long as this goal was set, the emission from China economy and energy industry development has to be reduced significantly. In order to cope with the climate change and to promote China's economic growth and the energy security, low-carbon economy should be adopted. Clean energy, including the new energy and the renewable energy, should be developed and deployed; related laws, statutes, the management institutions and mechanisms should be established; and public awareness of energy saving and green house gas (GHG) mitigation has to be enhanced.     

调整政策 促进可再生能源发展

步入21世纪,可持续发展战略实施力度加大。面对环境和国内外市场的严峻挑战,我国可再生能源如何发展,这需要进行政策性的战略调整。从思路上要改变传统观念,把新能源和可再生能源作为21世纪中叶我国的主要接续能源,将其列入国民经济发展的五年计划和中长期规划中,促其产业化和本地化。适当时机启动新能源和可再生能源产业化工程。改变风能开发的地区优先顺序,即选择资源条件较好,但经济发达或比较发达的地区,以政府的强制性法规,推行可再生能源发电配额制。在新的电价机制中,给上网售电的风能等绿色电力予以环保折扣。     

Potential of renewable energy systems in China

Along with high-speed economic development and increasing energy consumption, the Chinese Government faces a growing pressure to maintain the balance between energy supply and demand. In 2009, China has become both the largest energy consumer and CO₂ emitting country in the world. In this case, the inappropriate energy consumption structure should be changed. As an alternative, a suitable infrastructure for the implementation of renewable energy may serve as a long-term sustainable solution. The perspective of a 100% renewable energy system has been analyzed and discussed in some countries previously. In this process, assessment of domestic renewable energy sources is the first step. Then appropriate methodologies are needed to perform energy system analyses involving the integration of more sustainable strategies. Denmark may serve as an example of how sustainable strategies can be implemented. The Danish system has demonstrated the possibility of converting into a 100% renewable energy system. This paper discusses the perspective of renewable energy in China firstly, and then analyses whether it is suitable to adopt similar methodologies applied in other countries as China approaches a renewable energy system. The conclusion is that China’s domestic renewable energy sources are abundant and show the possibility to cover future energy demand; the methodologies used to analyse a 100% renewable energy system are applicable in China. Therefore, proposing an analysis of a 100% renewable energy system in China is not unreasonable.     

Financing rural renewable energy: A comparison between China and India

This paper analyses the current status of rural renewable energy (RRE) in China and India, develops and employs an analysis framework to study the environment, channels, instruments and innovative mechanisms of financing rural renewable energy in China and India, and makes a primary comparison.     

福建省可再生能源强制性配额政策框架与实施方案的初步研究

福建省具有丰富的可再生能源资源，具有一定的产业发展基础，但是福建的可再生能源发展还存在一些问题，需要建立新的发展政策框架。首先选择强制性配额政策作为政策框架的核心，以强制性手段明确未来的发展目标；其次，制定明确的政策实施方案，包括引入市场机制、价格分摊机制以及实施减免税等措施，降低生产成本，减少可再生能源的上网障碍和价格分摊的难度。     

International cooperation mechanism on renewable energy development in China – A critical analysis

Facing the growing energy demand and the requirement of low-carbon development, China is making great efforts to fulfill the international cooperation on renewable energy aimed at protecting the security of energy and economy. Whereas, energy problems in various countries have become increasingly prominent, and the lack of a multilateral cooperation mechanism has become the key obstacle to the cooperation. This paper analyzes current situation and existing problems of international cooperation on renewable energy in China, and then puts forward the establishment of three cooperation mechanisms: the regional mechanism, the developing countries mechanism and the developing-developed countries mechanism, followed by a summary and analysis of the participants. The principles and steps of mechanisms making and the cooperation institution for mechanism operation will be discussed as well as making some policy recommendations on the cooperation methods.