改进的Burg最大熵法在管道检测中的应用

短时间序列、高分辨率、强抗噪能力的功率谱估计是管道超声内检测的关键技术.针对Burg最大熵法存在的问题,从减小递推算法初始阶段误差出发,提出二阶预测误差滤波器系数倒推法,由二阶滤波器系数修正一阶反射系数,保证递推初始阶段最大熵原则,以适应短时间序列谱估计,算法在管道内检测实验中得到了较好的结果.     

基于分数阶傅里叶变换的宽带LFM相干信号的DOA估计

提出一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FRFT)的宽带线性调频信号(LFM)相干信号的波达方向(DOA)估计方法。针对分数阶傅里叶变换的谱峰聚集特点,该算法构造了分数阶傅里叶域(FRF域)的宽带LFM信号的阵列数据模型,在FRF域内利用Toeplitz矩阵重构特性,实现对相干信号的解相干,最后通过谱峰搜索完成入射信号的DOA估计。算法在不减小阵列有效孔径的情况下,增加了可估计相干信号源数目,并在低信噪比条件下能够得到较好的性能。实验仿真证明了该算法的有效性。     

利用反卷积改善非线性传感器的性能

介绍一种适用于非线性系统的反卷积算法.通过计算机仿真,一阶系统恢复信号相对平方误差在1%以内,相对阻尼系数为0.57~0.8的二阶系统恢复信号的相对平方误差在2%以内,可改善非线性系统的线性度和动态性能.通过振动测量实验验证,得到了较好的效果.该算法简单,在低频系统中可实时运行.     

WCDMA信号检测与参数估计

针对低信噪比下WCDMA信号检测与伪码(OVSF码)周期检测的难题,利用四阶累积量能够有效抑制高斯白噪声和二次谱具有明显谱峰的特性,提出了一种基于四阶累积量和二次谱相结合的WCDMA信号盲检测方法。该方法首先利用四阶累积量的切片检测出WCDMA信号,并估计得到WCDMA信号的采样率,接着通过二次谱算法所得到的谱峰间的距离来估计出OVSF码的周期参数。计算机仿真结果表明,该算法可以有效地对WCDMA信号进行检测并估计OVSF码周期。     

二阶Volterra变记忆长度LMP算法

针对实际应用中非线性系统记忆长度未知致使Volterra自适应滤波器可能无法达到最优性能的问题,提出一种二阶Volterra变记忆长度LMP算法。利用Volterra滤波器二阶权系数矩阵的对称性和对称矩阵可对角化分解性质,推导得到了一阶权系数与二阶权系数个数相同的信号矢量与权系数矢量内积的二阶Volterra滤波器输出信号表达式;提出了基于DCT的二阶Volterra自适应滤波器（CSVF）及其LMP算法（CSVLMP）;采用FIR抽头长度的自适应调整思想,提出了基于DCT的二阶Volterra变记忆长度LMP算法（CSVMLMP）。记忆长度未知的非线性系统辨识的仿真结果表明,在[α]稳定分布噪声背景下,该算法在收敛速度、稳态性能和计算复杂度之间达到了较好的折中。     

结合EMD和加权Mel倒谱的语音共振峰提取算法

提出了一种利用经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）和加权Mel倒谱（Weighted Mel-Cepstrum coefficients,WMCEP）提取语音信号共振峰的算法。对语音信号进行EMD分解,找出含有共振峰的固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF）,并将其重构得到一个新的重构语音信号。对重构语音信号进行加权Mel倒谱分析,获得包含频谱主要成分的加权Mel倒谱系数;利用离散余弦平滑算法,从加权Mel倒谱系数获得谱包络,并从谱包络的峰值位置获得候选共振峰;根据共振峰的连续性约束条件和频率范围,从候选共振峰筛选得到共振峰的估计值。实验结果表明,该算法比单独使用WMCEP提取的共振峰误差更小,而且在信噪比小于20 dB时仍然能够准确提取出共振峰。     

四次Bézier曲线降二阶的自适应算法

针对Bézier曲线,提出了一种基于分割点技术的四次Bézier曲线自适应降二阶的算法.通过分析降阶时误差的计算方法,在分割点出现不光顺的情况下采取了相应措施,并根据曲线的性质对算法进行了改进.该算法具有传统降阶算法的几何直观性强.计算简单,容易理解及稳定性好等特点,并取得了较好的逼近效果.     

基于二阶差分统计量的自然图像与计算机图形的鉴别

针对自然图像和计算机图形的鉴别问题,提出一种基于图像二阶差分统计量的鉴别方法.首先在HSV颜色空间提取图像及其校准图像的二阶差分信号和预测误差信号,在此基础上提取二阶差分信号的方差、峰度以及预测误差信号的1～4阶统计量,并将其作为分类特征,结合Fisher线性判别分析,实现2类图像的正确分类.实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地鉴别自然图像和计算机图形,与已有算法相比具有更高的识别率,且计算量小、易于实现.     

四次Bézier曲线降二阶的自适应算法

针对Bézier曲线,提出了一种基于分割点技术的四次Bézier曲线自适应降二阶的算法。通过分析降阶时误差的计算方法,在分割点出现不光顺的情况下采取了相应措施,并根据曲线的性质对算法进行了改进。该算法具有传统降阶算法的几何直观性强、计算简单、容易理解及稳定性好等特点,并取得了较好的逼近效果。     

基于四阶循环多谱的频谱感知算法

目前,大部分基于能量检测和信号循环平稳的频谱感知算法能够在平稳噪声环境中取得优异的检测性能,在非平稳噪声环境中的检测性能则急剧下降。为了更好地消除频谱感知过程中非平稳噪声的影响,利用信号四阶循环多谱抑制非平稳噪声的性质,提出了一种基于四阶循环多谱的频谱感知算法。该算法首先计算四阶循环多谱的切片形式;然后通过简化的四阶循环多谱幅度平方和对协同用户截取的信号进行检测;最后计算其峰值系数,实现对主用户信号存在性的判断。仿真结果表明,在非平稳噪声环境中,所提出的算法比传统的频谱感知算法识别概率更高,性能更好。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。