加权局域网络上的病毒传播行为研究

病毒传播问题的研究一直是国际上科学家所关注的焦点,但是在加权局域网络中的病毒传播研究却是空白。由于实际存在的网络很大一部分是加权局域网络,因此研究了一种特定加权局域网络中的传播行为。采用病毒传播的SI模型,令病毒的传播速度和网络的连接权重正相关。对加权局域网络中病毒传播行为的研究表明：加权局域网络的无标度性质和加权局域世界性质对病毒的传播有深刻的影响。由于加权局域网络能够很好地反应实际世界,因此该研究具有很广的应用背景。     

加权无标度网络病毒传播和局部免疫策略研究

为了进一步描述现实生活中复杂网络的病毒传播问题,改进加权无标度网络模型的传统构造方法,考虑流量带宽和个体抵抗力两个重要因子,利用平均场理论模拟仿真病毒传播过程,对实验数据进行分析,验证该模型的有效性.现实生活中往往只能了解复杂网络的局部拓扑信息,传统病毒免疫策略大多基于全局拓扑信息,在仅了解局部信息的前提下,提出加权无标度网络中基于局部最优的病毒免疫策略,通过动态模拟病毒传播的免疫仿真实验,与随机免疫策略和目标免疫策略对病毒传播影响进行比较,验证局部最优免疫策略的有效性.     

网络病毒传播模型与分析

互联网是一个不断生长与消亡的具有小世界与无标度特性的网络。基于此,在聚类系数可变的无标度网络上建立病毒传播模型。研究节点消亡速度、网络平均度、计算机连接度对病毒传播的影响。实验结果表明:节点的消亡速度越快,越能减缓病毒的爆发速度;网络的平均度越大,病毒传播越快;病毒爆发常发生在连接度较高的计算机上。这些结论对于防范病毒在互联网上的传播,具有重要的现实意义。     

无标度网络中基于最短路径免疫策略的病毒传播研究

传统病毒免疫策略大多基于网络的全局拓扑信息。然而现实生活中的大部分复杂网络仅仅只能了解其局部 拓扑信息。鉴于许多实际复杂网络具有无标度特性,研究了在无标度复杂演化网络中基于网络局部拓扑信息最短路 径免疫策略的病毒传播现象。利用平均场理论建立含个体抵杭力重要因素的无标度网络病毒传播模型,并引入基于 最短路径的免疫策略。比较了随机免疫、目标免疫和最短路径免疫3种策略对无标度复杂网络病毒传播的影响,结果 表明了基于最短路径免疫策略的有效性。     

电子邮件病毒传播的元胞自动机建模与分析*

为研究电子邮件病毒在有向无标度网络上的传播行为,基于元胞自动机理论,提出一个电子邮件病毒传播的元胞自动机模型。在该模型下,仿真分析多种因素对电子邮件病毒传播行为的影响,结果表明：在给定的有向无标度网络中,病毒传播速度和传播规模随着电子邮件病毒附件打开概率增加而增大,网络的有向性增加病毒传播规模对于免疫概率的敏感性,病毒传播演化主要与节点入度相关。研究还表明,病毒先感染入度大的节点,后感染入度小的节点,而节点感染病毒先后顺序与节点出度没有明显关系。     

病毒在无标度网络上的传播及控制仿真研究*

网络病毒的爆发给计算机用户带来巨大的损失,同时互联网被认为是无标度网络,因此研究病毒在无标度网络上的传播及控制很有意义。通过构建一个BA无标度网络模型,对病毒的传播行为及影响因素进行了仿真分析。研究表明,采取恰当的策略可以有效地控制、预防病毒传播。     

复杂网络下引入时间参数的病毒传播

本文提出引入时间参数（个体从被感染病毒到康复的周期）的易感染类-已感染类-易感染类（SIS）病毒传播模型。基于MATLAB语言环境下，对小世界网络和无标度网络模型进行仿真分析，在整个病毒传播模拟过程中采用网络中个体治愈时间参数相同以及随个体点介数变化两种情况，研究发现治愈时间参数的存在增强了病毒的传播和破坏程度，而且明显影响了小世界网络的临界传播阈值，为抑制现实病毒传播的有效办法研究提出了思路。     

动态演化的互联网病毒建模与分析

互联网是一个不断生长的无标度网络,在其生长过程中伴随着计算机病毒的传播。基于此,兼顾静态和动态网络上的病毒传播过程,建立了含有拓扑结构演化的计算机病毒传播模型,研究了网络增长速度、网络平均度以及计算机连接度对病毒传播的影响。实验结果表明,网络演化速度越快,病毒传播也越快。同时平均度较高的网络更有助于病毒的传播。此外,病毒在爆发期间主要集中在连接度较大的计算机上。所得结论对控制病毒传播意义重大。     

基于元胞自动机的自适应网络断边重连策略研究*

为了有效控制自适应复杂网络中病毒的传播,本文对自适应网络的重连策略进行了系统的研究。基于先前研究中网络断边后,随机地或根据节点度、欧几里德距离进行重连的策略,提出了基于最短路径和节点度的重连策略。首先根据元胞自动机理论建立自适应复杂网络的病毒传播模型。在此基础上,分别在WS小世界网络和BA无标度网络中对Random-RE策略、Degree-RE策略、SP-RE策略、SP-Degree-RE策略和Degree-SP-RE策略进行比较分析。实验结果表明, SP-Degree策略能够有效破坏具有小世界特征网络的传输性和连通性,对其抑制病毒传播效果最好;而Degree-SP策略能够有效破坏无标度特征网络的传输性和连通性,对其抑制病毒传播效果最好。     

电子邮件病毒传播网络的建模与分析

为了深入了解电子邮件病毒传播网络的演化规律,通过分析电子邮件病毒传播网络的生长过程的特点及方式,把电子邮件病毒的传播过程抽象成一个网络的生长,建立了基于局部优先连接机制的电子邮件病毒传播网络的动态演化模型,该模型在考虑网络动态增长的同时,兼顾了网络内部边的动态演化,更细致、真实地刻画了电子邮件病毒传播网络的动态演化特性,仿真结果表明,该模型所生成的网络具有无标度特性、小世界以及高聚集性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.